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1.
Rev. Asoc. Esp. Neuropsiquiatr ; 43(143)ene.-jun. 2023. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-222776

ABSTRACT

El acceso de los usuarios con trastorno mental grave (TMG) a los dispositivos sociosanitarios viene determinado por unos criterios preestablecidos que pueden estar opacando la existencia de perfiles clínicos con diferentes necesidades terapéuticas. En esta línea, desde el Centro San Juan de Dios de Ciempozuelos (CSJD), se ha realizado un estudio descriptivo de tipo transversal en el que se han encontrado cinco tipologías clínicas mediante la aplicación de un análisis de conglomerados en dos fases. En el estudio participaron 413 personas con TMG ingresadas en diferentes dispositivos de la Unidad de Cuidados Psiquiátricos Prolongados -UCPP- del CSJD (en función de su autonomía y necesidades) y que presentaban una media de edad de 53.78 años (95.4% varones y 4.4% mujeres) y altos niveles de institucionalización (media de 13.06 años). El diagnóstico principal encontrado fue el de esquizofrenia residual (38.3%; n= 158), seguido de esquizofrenia paranoide (26.6%; n= 110). También había un número significativo de trastornos de la personalidad (35 casos). Las cinco tipologías de usuarios se denominaron en función de sus características más destacadas: Rehab (R), Rehab Behav (RB), Young Care (YC), Old Care (OC) y Young Behav (YB). En función de estos resultados se debate la idoneidad de los recursos existentes a la par que se proponen alternativas que maximicen la efectividad de los mismos en relación a casos de TMG complejos, como los de trastorno límite de la personalidad. (AU)


Institutions dedicated to the care of serious mental illness (SMI) have admission criteria that determine the users who are admitted. A thorough analysis of the patients may reveal the existence of different clinical profiles with diverse therapeutic needs. In order to determine the existence of different clinical profiles in the UCPP of the Centro San Juan de Dios de Ciempozuelos (CSJD), a cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out, finding five clinical typologies by applying a two-stage cluster analysis. 413 people with SMI, admitted in different devices of the Prolonged Psychiatric Care Unit (according to their autonomy and needs), with a mean age of 53.78 years (95.4% males and 4.4% females) and high levels of institutionalization (mean 13.06 years), took part in the study. The main diagnosis found was residual schizophrenia (38.3%; n= 158), followed by paranoid schizophrenia (26.6%; n= 110). There was also a significant number of personality disorders (35 cases). The five typologies of users were named according to their most salient characteristics: Rehab (R), Rehab Behav (RB), Young Care (YC), Old Care (OC) and Young Behav (YB). A discussion on the implications of the determination of these profiles for a better use of existing resources is held. In addition, different alternatives for particularly difficult cases of SMI, such as borderline personality disorder, are proposed. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Mental Disorders/diagnosis , Mental Disorders/rehabilitation , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies , Cluster Analysis , Spain , Borderline Personality Disorder , Schizophrenia
2.
Rev. Asoc. Esp. Neuropsiquiatr ; 31(112): 615-629, oct.-dic. 2011.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-90931

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: El cambio de un modelo de cuidados a un modelo de rehabilitación en Unidades de Cuidados Psiquiátricos Prolongados (UCPP) donde se pretenden generar perfiles de usuarios con enfermedad mental grave y duradera en los que se tenga en cuenta tanto el grado de afectación clínica y/o del desempeño psicosocial como el nivel de institucionalización (medido a partir de la estancia hospitalaria), todo con la finalidad de plantear un posible modelo de reorganización de los usuarios en base a estos criterios. Método: Por un lado, se ha tenido en consideración la variable, años de ingreso en la institución, para así tener una medida de la institucionalización y/o una medida que plasme posibles dificultades de reinserción en el medio comunitario. Por otra parte, se ha utilizado una variable que tuviese en cuenta factores clínicos y relacionados con el desempeño psicosocial y que es La Escala de Evaluación de la Actividad Global –EEAG- ( Eje V del DSM-IV-TR). A partir de las variables comentadas se ha realizado un análisis de conglomerados –clusters- con el paquete estadístico SPSS 19.0. Resultados: El análisis de conglomerados realizado muestra la existencia de cuatro grupos de diferente tamaño para el conjunto de usuarios que los componen. Estos cuatro grupos definirían prototipos de perfiles de pacientes ingresados en una UCPP: 1) Dependientes Institucionalizados –DI-, 2) Independientes Institucionalizados –II-, 3) Dependientes No Institucionalizados –DNI- e 4) Independientes No Institucionalizados –INI-. Conclusiones: El interés y la utilidad de clasificar los usuarios en diferentes niveles según su desempeño psicosocial se refleja en posibilidades de mejora en el tratamiento individualizado, adaptándolo a las necesidades de atención, asistencia y terapia de los usuarios(AU)


Objective: The shift from a model of care to a rehabilitation model in Extended Care Psychiatric Units, which aim to generate profiles of users with severe and enduring mental illness in which takes into account both the degree of clinical involvement and/or psychosocial functioning and the level of institutionalization (measured from the hospital stay), all in order to propose a possible model for the reorganization of users based on these criteria. Method: On the one hand, it has taken into account the variable years of admission into the institution in order to have a measure of institutionalization y a measure that reflects potential difficulties of returning to the community. Moreover, we have used a variable to take into account clinical factors related to psychosocial functioning and that is the Global Assessment Functioning Scale -GAF- (Axis V of DSM-IV-TR). Based on the variables discussed there has realized a cluster analysis using the statistical package SPSS 19.0 Results: Cluster analysis performed shows the existence of four different size groups for all users. These four groups define prototypes profiles of patients admitted to an Extended Care Psychiatric Unit: 1) Institucionalized Dependents, 2) Institucionalized Independents, 3) Non Institucionalized Dependents, and 4) Non Institucionalized Independents. Conclusions: The interest and usefulness to classify users in different levels according to their psychosocial functioning is reflected in improved opportunities for individual treatment, adapting to the needs of care, assistance and therapy of the users(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Hospitals, Psychiatric/trends , Hospitals, Psychiatric , Schizophrenia/rehabilitation , Intellectual Disability/rehabilitation , Mentally Ill Persons/classification , Mental Disorders/rehabilitation , Mental Health/statistics & numerical data , Cluster Sampling , Cross-Sectional Studies/methods , Cross-Sectional Studies
3.
Psicothema (Oviedo) ; 18(1): 43-51, feb. 2006. ilus, tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-052607

ABSTRACT

Este estudio examina la replicabilidad y generalización de una tipología multidimensional de drogodependientes mediante la evaluación de 320 participantes en tratamiento ambulatorio por su problema adictivo. Se realiza un análisis de conglomerados en dos fases, encontrándose la existencia de dos tipologías de consumidores denominadas Tipo A y Tipo B. Los participantes clasificados como Tipo B mostraron varios indicadores de cronicidad (mayor edad media y mayor tasa de desempleo), mayor gravedad en su problemática de consumo de drogas, en problemas médicos, de empleo-soportes, con la ley, familiares/sociales y psíquicos. La principal fuente de ingresos del Tipo A era el empleo activo y tenían menos años de consumo de drogas. Además, presentaban mayor gravedad asociada al consumo de alcohol. Ante estos datos, el Tipo A es denominado drogodependiente funcional y el Tipo B crónico. Una vez delimitadas las agrupaciones de drogodependientes, se realiza una caracterización de las mismas de forma más específica en siete áreas problema: médica, empleo/soportes, alcohol, drogas, legal, familiar/social y psíquica. Como conclusión general, se aprecia una mayor gravedad psicosocial en el Tipo B frente al Tipo A. Finalmente, se discuten las implicaciones y utilidad de la agrupación de los drogodependientes en tipologías


This study examines the possibility of replicating and generalizing a multidimensional typology of drug-addicts by means of the evaluation of 320 participants who were receiving outpatient treatment for their problem of addiction. A two-stage cluster analysis was performed, revealing the existence of two typologies of consumers, called type A and Type B. The participants classified as Type B showed various indicators of chronicity (higher mean age, higher unemployment rate), more severity of their problem of drug consumption and of medical aspects, employment support, legal, family/social and psychiatric problems in comparison with Type A. Participants from the latter group reported active employment as their main source of income and they had consumed drugs for fewer years. However, they presented more severity associated with alcohol consumption. In view of these data, Type A is called functional drug-addict and Type B chronic drug-addict. Once the groups of drug-addicts were delimited, a more specific characterization was made, taking seven problem areas into account: medical, employment support, alcohol, drugs, legal, family/social, and psychiatric areas. As a general conclusion, more psychosocial severity was observed in Type B as compared with Type A. Lastly, the implications and usefulness of grouping drug-addicts into typologies is discussed


Subject(s)
Humans , Substance-Related Disorders/classification , Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology , Social Problems/statistics & numerical data , Psychosocial Deprivation , Unemployment/statistics & numerical data , Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry)/statistics & numerical data
4.
Psicothema ; 18(1): 43-51, 2006 Feb.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17296008

ABSTRACT

This study examines the possibility of replicating and generalizing a multidimensional typology of drug-addicts by means of the evaluation of 320 participants who were receiving outpatient treatment for their problem of addiction. A two-stage cluster analysis was performed, revealing the existence of two typologies of consumers, called type A and Type B. The participants classified as Type B showed various indicators of chronicity (higher mean age, higher unemployment rate), more severity of their problem of drug consumption and of medical aspects, employment support, legal, family/social and psychiatric problems in comparison with Type A. Participants from the latter group reported active employment as their main source of income and they had consumed drugs for fewer years. However, they presented more severity associated with alcohol consumption. In view of these data, Type A is called functional drug-addict and Type B chronic drug-addict. Once the groups of drug-addicts were delimited, a more specific characterization was made, taking seven problem areas into account: medical, employment support, alcohol, drugs, legal, family/social, and psychiatric areas. As a general conclusion, more psychosocial severity was observed in Type B as compared with Type A. Lastly, the implications and usefulness of grouping drug-addicts into typologies is discussed.


Subject(s)
Substance-Related Disorders/classification , Adolescent , Adult , Age of Onset , Alcoholism/classification , Alcoholism/epidemiology , Alcoholism/psychology , Alcoholism/rehabilitation , Chronic Disease , Crime/statistics & numerical data , Employment/statistics & numerical data , Family Relations , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Severity of Illness Index , Social Behavior , Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology , Substance-Related Disorders/psychology , Substance-Related Disorders/rehabilitation
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