Análisis de la mortalidad neonatal en el Hospital Universitario La Fe de Valencia. Años 1971-2009 / Analysis of neonatal mortality in the University Hospital La Fe Valencia. Years 1971-2009

Introducción y objetivos: La mortalidad neonatal (MNN) es un indicador de calidad asistencial básico. El objetivo primario de este estudio ha sido el análisis de la evolución la MNN en el Hospital Universitario La Fe de Valencia (HULF), unidad de nivel IIIc, desde su inauguración en 1971 hasta el año 2009. Objetivos secundarios han sido la valoración de la tasa de prematuridad (PR) y bajo peso al nacimiento (BPN). Material y métodos: En este periodo se produjeron 308.989 nacimientos, en los que hubo 2.135 muertes neonatales. Resultados: La MNN muestra un descenso significativo (10,18‰ en 1971 vs 6,24‰ en 2009, p<0,001) Este descenso es aún más significativo para los neonatos con peso al nacimiento entre 500-999 gramos (923,1‰ en 1980 vs 238,1‰ en 2009, p<0,0001) y menor para los prematuros con edad gestacional inferior a 28 semanas (403,8‰ en 1993 vs 287,9‰ en 2009, p<0,01). La tasa de PR paso de 8,7% (1993) al 14% (2009) p<0,001. La tasa de BPN ascendió del 5,3% (1979) al 12.8% (2009), p<0,001. Los varones representan el 58,2% de las muertes neonatales y estas se producen en las primeras 24 h de vida en el 48,2%. La patología respiratoria representa el 36,3% de las muertes neonatales, las malformaciones severas el 31,5%, la patología neurológica el 14,6% y las infecciones el 7,9%. Conclusiones: A pesar del aumento de la PR y BPN se ha conseguido un descenso significativo de la MNN en el HULF(AU)

Background and objectives: Neonatal mortality (NM) is a reliable marker of quality clinical care. The primary objective of this study was to analyse evolution of NM in the Division of Neonatology (level IIIc according to the Spanish Classification) University Hospital La Fe Valencia (HULF) from the beginning of its activity in 1971 until 2009. Secondary objectives were the evaluation of prematurity rate (PR) and low birth weight rate (LBWR). Material and methods: There was a total of 308,989 births, with 2.135 neonatal deaths (ND), during the period studied. Results: NM has shown a significant decrease (10.18% in 1971 vs. 6.24% in 2009; P<0.01). This decrease was even more significant for neonates with birth weight between 500-999g (923.1% in 1980 vs. 238.1% in 2009; P<0.0001) and less for preterm with gestational age less than 28 weeks (403.8% in 1993 vs. 287.9% in 2009; P<0.01). The Prematurity rate increased from 8.7% (1993) to 14% (2009) (P<0.01), and LBWR increased from 5.3% (1979) to 12.8% (2009) (P<0.001). Males represent 58.2% of ND, and these occurred in the first day of life in 48.2% of the cases. Respiratory conditions represent 36.3% of ND, severe congenital malformations 31.5%, neurologic conditions 14.6%, and infections 7.9%. Conclusions: In spite of the increase in LBWR and PR, a significant descent of NM has been achieved in the HULF in the last decades(AU)

[Analysis of neonatal mortality in the University Hospital La Fe Valencia. Years 1971-2009]. / Análisis de la mortalidad neonatal en el Hospital Universitario La Fe de Valencia. Años 1971-2009.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Neonatal mortality (NM) is a reliable marker of quality clinical care. The primary objective of this study was to analyse evolution of NM in the Division of Neonatology (level IIIc according to the Spanish Classification) University Hospital La Fe Valencia (HULF) from the beginning of its activity in 1971 until 2009. Secondary objectives were the evaluation of prematurity rate (PR) and low birth weight rate (LBWR). MATERIAL AND METHODS: There was a total of 308,989 births, with 2.135 neonatal deaths (ND), during the period studied. RESULTS: NM has shown a significant decrease (10.18% in 1971 vs. 6.24% in 2009; P<.01). This decrease was even more significant for neonates with birth weight between 500-999g (923.1% in 1980 vs. 238.1% in 2009; P<.0001) and less for preterm with gestational age less than 28 weeks (403.8% in 1993 vs. 287.9% in 2009; P<.01). The Prematurity rate increased from 8.7% (1993) to 14% (2009) (P<.01), and LBWR increased from 5.3% (1979) to 12.8% (2009) (P<.001). Males represent 58.2% of ND, and these occurred in the first day of life in 48.2% of the cases. Respiratory conditions represent 36.3% of ND, severe congenital malformations 31.5%, neurologic conditions 14.6%, and infections 7.9%. CONCLUSIONS: In spite of the increase in LBWR and PR, a significant descent of NM has been achieved in the HULF in the last decades.

[Neonatal tumors: clinical and therapeutic characteristics. Analysis of 72 patients in La Fe University Children's Hospital in Valencia (Spain)]. / Tumores neonatales: características clínicas y terapéuticas. Análisis de 72 casos del hospital infantil La Fe de Valencia.

BACKGROUND: Neonatal tumors, which represent only 1.5-2% of all pediatric tumors, have distinctive features. Their incidence is imprecise, as selection criteria vary and there are few published studies. OBJECTIVE: To analyze and disseminate findings on the histological, clinical, therapeutic and follow-up characteristics of neonatal tumors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of the clinical records of patients diagnosed with neonatal tumors in La Fe University Children's Hospital in Valencia (Spain) between January 1990 and December 1999. Hamartomas, flat and cavernous cutaneous hemangiomas, nevi, lipomas, subcutaneous fibroma, lymphangiomas, and epidermal cysts were excluded. A systematic review of the literature published in the previous 25 years was performed using Medline, Cancerlit, Index Citation Science, and Embase. The search profile combined neonatal or congenital and tumor or cancer or neoplasm. The most interesting studies, as well as the most relevant references contained in these studies and published before the search period, were selected. RESULTS: The clinical records of 72 patients with neonatal tumors (40 boys and 32 girls), representing 2.8% of all pediatric tumors, were reviewed. The most frequent tumors were hemangiomas (20.8%, 15 patients), neuroblastomas (16.7%, 12 patients), teratomas (12.5 %, 9 patients), and soft tissue tumors (9.7 %, 7 patients). Eighty-six percent of the patients were symptomatic during the first week of life. Although diagnosis was prenatal in 22.2 % of the patients, the most frequent findings on physical examination were identification of a mass or cutaneous lesion in 24 patients (33.3%) and an abdominal mass or hepatomegaly in 13 patients (18%). An associated disease, malformation or syndrome was found in 15 patients (20.8 %). Treatment included surgery (50% of patients) and drugs as monotherapy or coadjuvant therapy (13.9%). Thirteen patients received irradiation after the neonatal period. Spontaneous complete remission took place in six patients. Twenty patients died (27.8%). Mortality was highest in patients with central nervous system tumors or leukemias (83.3% and 75 % respectively). By contrast, none of the patients with hemangiomas or teratomas died. Mortality was low in patients with neuroblastoma (8.3%). At the time of the study, survival was 73 %, with a median follow-up of 8 years. CONCLUSIONS: Due to their biological features, neonatal tumors represent a distinctive subgroup in pediatric oncohematology. The concept of neonatal tumor should be unified to allow the results of different research groups to be analyzed and compared. Despite the methodological limitations found, the clinical, diagnostic, therapeutic, and follow-up characteristics of our patients are similar to those of other published series. The differences found could be explained by the diverse selection criteria employed.

Tumores neonatales: características clínicas y terapéuticas. Análisis de 72 casos del hospital infantil La Fe de Valencia / Neonatal tumors: clinical and therapeutic characteristics. Analysis of 72 patients in La Fe University Children’s Hospital in Valencia (Spain)

Antecedentes Los tumores neonatales, aunque sólo representan el 1,5-2% de los tumores pediátricos, constituyen un subgrupo con personalidad propia. La incidencia es imprecisa, por los criterios de selección variables, y por los escasos estudios publicados. Objetivo Analizar y divulgar las características histológicas, clínicas, terapéuticas y evolutivas de los tumores neonatales. Material y métodos Estudio retrospectivo de las historias clínicas de los pacientes con tumor neonatal, atendidos en el Hospital Infantil Universitario La Fe de Valencia desde enero de 1990 a diciembre de 1999. Se excluyeron los hamartomas, hemangiomas cutáneos planos y cavernosos, nevos, lipomas, fibromas subcutáneos, linfangiomas y quistes epidérmicos. Revisión bibliográfica sistemática de los últimos 25 años obtenida del Medline, Cancerlit, Index Citation Science y Embase. El perfil de búsqueda utilizado fue la combinación de “neonatal, congenital” y “tumors, cancer, neoplasms”. Se seleccionaron los trabajos más interesantes y, de sus referencias, se han recuperdo las más relevantes publicadas previamente al período de la búsqueda. Resultados Se recogieron 72 pacientes con tumor neonatal (40 varones y 32 mujeres), que representan el 2,8% del total de pacientes diagnosticados con tumores pediátricos de nuestra institución. Los hemangiomas son los tumores neonatales más frecuentes (20,8%, 15 casos), seguidos por los neuroblastomas (16,7%, 12 casos), teratomas (12,5%, 9 casos) y los tumores de partes blandas (9,7 %, 7 casos). En el 86 % de los casos las manifestaciones clínicas aparecieron durante la primera semana de vida. Aunque en 16 casos (22,2%) el diagnóstico fue prenatal, la sintomatología predominante fue la visualización de una tumoración o lesión cutánea en 24 casos (33,3 %) y la presencia de una masa abdominal o hepatomegalia en 13 casos (18 %). En 15 casos (20,8 %) existía alguna malformación, enfermedad o síndrome asociado. De las diferentes modalidades terapéuticas, la cirugía fue la opción más empleada (50%). En el 13,9 % de los casos se administró quimioterapia, en monoterapia o con carácter coadyuvante. Únicamente 3 pacientes recibieron radioterapia fuera del período neonatal. En 6 casos se evidenció la regresión espontánea completa de la tumoración. Fallecieron 20 pacientes (27,8 %). Por grupos histológicos, la mayor mortalidad correspondió al grupo de pacientes con tumores del sistema nervioso central (83,3 %) y al de las leucemias (75 %). Por el contrario, ninguno de los pacientes afectados de hemangiomas y teratomas falleció, destacando así mismo la baja mortalidad de los neuroblastomas (8,3 %). En el momento del análisis la supervivencia en nuestra serie es del 73 %, con una mediana de seguimiento de 8 años. Conclusiones Los tumores neonatales, por sus características biológicas constituyen un subgrupo específico dentro de la oncohematología pediátrica. Es necesario unificar el concepto de tumor neonatal para poder analizar y comparar las diferencias de las distintas series publicadas. A pesar de las limitaciones metodológicas encontradas, las características clínicas, diagnósticas, terapéuticas y evolutivas de nuestra serie son similares a las publicadas por otros autores. Probablemente, las diferencias encontradas puedan explicarse por los diversos criterios de selección de los diferentes estudios

Background Neonatal tumors, which represent only 1.5-2% of all pediatric tumors, have distinctive features. Their incidence is imprecise, as selection criteria vary and there are few published studies. Objective To analyze and disseminate findings on the histological, clinical, therapeutic and follow-up characteristics of neonatal tumors. Material and methods We performed a retrospective study of the clinical records of patients diagnosed with neonatal tumors in La Fe University Children’s Hospital in Valencia (Spain) between January 1990 and December 1999. Hamartomas, flat and cavernous cutaneous hemangiomas, nevi, lipomas, subcutaneous fibroma, lymphangiomas, and epidermal cysts were excluded. A systematic review of the literature published in the previous 25 years was performed using Medline, Cancerlit, Index Citation Science, and Embase. The search profile combined “neonatal or congenital” and “tumor or cancer or neoplasm”. The most interesting studies, as well as the most relevant references contained in these studies and published before the search period, were selected. Results The clinical records of 72 patients with neonatal tumors (40 boys and 32 girls), representing 2.8% of all pediatric tumors, were reviewed. The most frequent tumors were hemangiomas (20.8%, 15 patients), neuroblastomas (16.7%, 12 patients), teratomas (12.5 %, 9 patients), and soft tissue tumors (9.7 %, 7 patients). Eighty-six percent of the patients were symptomatic during the first week of life. Although diagnosis was prenatal in 22.2 % of the patients, the most frequent findings on physical examination were identification of a mass or cutaneous lesion in 24 patients (33.3%) and an abdominal mass or hepatomegaly in 13 patients (18%). An associated disease, malformation or syndrome was found in 15 patients (20.8 %). Treatment included surgery (50% of patients) and drugs as monotherapy or coadjuvant therapy (13.9%). Thirteen patients received irradiation after the neonatal period. Spontaneous complete remission took place in six patients. Twenty patients died (27.8%). Mortality was highest in patients with central nervous system tumors or leukemias (83.3% and 75 % respectively). By contrast, none of the patients with hemangiomas or teratomas died. Mortality was low in patients with neuroblastoma (8.3%). At the time of the study, survival was 73 %, with a median follow-up of 8 years. Conclusions Due to their biological features, neonatal tumors represent a distinctive subgroup in pediatric oncohematology. The concept of neonatal tumor should be unified to allow the results of different research groups to be analyzed and compared. Despite the methodological limitations found, the clinical, diagnostic, therapeutic, and follow-up characteristics of our patients are similar to those of other published series. The differences found could be explained by the diverse selection criteria employed

Infección perinatal por citomegalovirus en recién nacidos pretérmino / Perinatal cytomegalovirus infection in preterm infants

Objetivo: Estudiar la incidencia de infección perinatal por citomegalovirus en los recién nacidos ingresados en nuestro hospital en los últimos 3 años, las posibles fuentes de contagio, los datos serológicos y microbiológicos y la evolución clínica de los niños. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo. Revisión de historias clínicas de los neonatos con diagnóstico de infección por citomegalovirus. Resultados: Se encontraron 24 niños con este diagnóstico. El 85% de los niños eran prematuros, con peso menor de 1.500 g, los cuales representan el 6% de los niños con ese peso ingresados en este período. El porcentaje de transfusión y lactancia materna fue elevado (87 y 91%, respectivamente), por lo que la fuente de contagio no pudo establecerse. Nueve (34%) de los niños presentaron afectación hepática y 3 (12%) tuvieron un cuadro clínico grave que precisó tratamiento antiviral. Conclusiones: La infección perinatal por citomegalovirus es una enfermedad frecuente en el grupo de niños prematuros, que puede llegar a ser grave. Es importante pensar en su diagnóstico e insistir en la prevención (AU)

[Perinatal cytomegalovirus infection in preterm infants]. / Infección perinatal por citomegalovirus en recién nacidos pretérmino.

OBJECTIVE: To study the incidence of perinatal cytomegalovirus infection in neonates admitted to our hospital in the last three years, as well as the mode of transmission, serologic and microbiologic data, and the clinical outcome of these infants. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study by reviewing the medical records of neonates with a diagnosis of cytomegalovirus infection. RESULTS: Twenty-four neonates received this diagnosis. Of these, 21 (85 %) were premature infants with a birthweight of less than 1500 gr, representing 6 % of all neonates with this birthweight hospitalized during the study period. The percentage of transfusion and breastfeeding was high (87 % and 91 %, respectively) and consequently the route of transmission could not be identified. Nine neonates (34 %) presented associated hepatic dysfunction and three (12 %) developed severe disease requiring antiviral treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Perinatal cytomegalovirus infection is frequent in preterm infants and may be serious. It is important to detect cytomegalovirus infections and to develop preventive methods.