Afrontamiento y carga subjetiva en cuidadores primarios de adultos mayores dependientes de Andalucía, España / Coping and subjective burden in primary caregivers of dependent elderly relatives in Andalusia, Spain

Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre el tipo de afrontamiento y la carga subjetiva en cuidadores primarios de familiares mayores dependientes en Andalucía (España). Diseño: Estudio transversal. Emplazamiento: Atención primaria (comunidad autónoma de Andalucía, España). Participantes: Muestra por conveniencia de 198 cuidadores primarios de familiares mayores dependientes. Mediciones principales: Afrontamiento (cuestionario Brief COPE), carga subjetiva (índice esfuerzo del cuidador de Robinson), carga objetiva (capacidad funcional [índice de Barthel], deterioro cognitivo [test de Pfeiffer], problemas de conducta de la persona cuidada [inventario neuropsiquiátrico de Cummings] y dedicación al cuidado de la persona cuidadora), género y parentesco. Resultados: La mayoría de las personas cuidadoras eran mujeres (89,4%), hijas de la persona cuidada (57,1%), y compartían domicilio con esta (69,7%). Al controlar por carga objetiva, género y parentesco, se encontró que la carga subjetiva estaba asociada de forma positiva con el afrontamiento disfuncional ( = 0,28; p < 0,001) y de forma negativa con el afrontamiento centrado en emociones ( = -0,25; p = 0,001), mientras que no había asociación con el afrontamiento centrado en problemas. Conclusiones: El afrontamiento disfuncional se relaciona con una mayor carga subjetiva y el afrontamiento centrado en las emociones se relaciona con una menor carga subjetiva, con independencia de la carga objetiva, el género y el parentesco de la persona cuidadora (AU)

Purpose: To analyse the relationship between the type of coping and subjective burden in caregivers of dependent elderly relatives in Andalusia (Spain). Design: Cross-sectional study. Location: Primary Health Care (autonomous community of Andalusia, Spain). Participants: A convenience sample of 198 primary caregivers of dependent elderly relatives. Key measurements: Coping (Brief COPE), subjective burden (caregiver stress index), objective burden (functional capacity [Barthel Index], cognitive impairment [Pfeiffer Test], behavioural problems of the care recipient [Neuropsychiatric Inventory], and caregivers’ dedication to caring), gender and kinship. Results: Most caregivers were women (89.4%), daughters of the care recipient (57.1%), and shared home with him/her (69.7%). On controlling for objective burden, gender and kinship, it was found that subjective burden was positively associated with dysfunctional coping ( = 0.28; P < .001) and negatively with emotion-focused coping ( = -0.25; P = .001), while no association was found with problem-focused coping. Conclusions: Dysfunctional coping may be a risk factor for subjective burden, and emotion focused coping may be a protective factor for that subjective burden regardless of the objective burden, and gender and kinship of the caregivers (AU)

[Coping and subjective burden in primary caregivers of dependent elderly relatives in Andalusia, Spain]. / Afrontamiento y carga subjetiva en cuidadores primarios de adultos mayores dependientes de Andalucía, España.

PURPOSE: To analyse the relationship between the type of coping and subjective burden in caregivers of dependent elderly relatives in Andalusia (Spain). DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. LOCATION: Primary Health Care (autonomous community of Andalusia, Spain). PARTICIPANTS: A convenience sample of 198 primary caregivers of dependent elderly relatives. KEY MEASUREMENTS: Coping (Brief COPE), subjective burden (caregiver stress index), objective burden (functional capacity [Barthel Index], cognitive impairment [Pfeiffer Test], behavioural problems of the care recipient [Neuropsychiatric Inventory], and caregivers' dedication to caring), gender and kinship. RESULTS: Most caregivers were women (89.4%), daughters of the care recipient (57.1%), and shared home with him/her (69.7%). On controlling for objective burden, gender and kinship, it was found that subjective burden was positively associated with dysfunctional coping (ß=0.28; P<.001) and negatively with emotion-focused coping (ß=-0.25; P=.001), while no association was found with problem-focused coping. CONCLUSIONS: Dysfunctional coping may be a risk factor for subjective burden, and emotion-focused coping may be a protective factor for that subjective burden regardless of the objective burden, and gender and kinship of the caregivers.

Ecografía pulmonar, el nuevo inquilino / Lung ultrasound, the new tenant

No disponible

[Descriptive study of a pneumonia episode due to Legionella]. / Estudio descriptivo de un brote de neumonía por Legionella.

BACKGROUND: Legionella is a gram negative aerobic bacillus. A total of 42 species with 64 serogroups have been described, Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 being the one that causes the disease most frequently. OBJECTIVE: Describe an outbreak of legionellosis with some characteristics different from those communicated previously. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Descriptive study of the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the patients affected by an outbreak of pneumonia due to Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1, that occurred in Vigo in September and October, 2000, seen in the Hospital Xeral-Cies. RESULTS: A total of 33 patients, with a mean age of 61 years, were diagnosed. Fifty-nine percent had underlying diseases. The most frequent symptoms were fever, cough, dyspnea, diarrhea and awareness level alterations. Elevation of creatinphosphokinase in 79% and hyponatremia in 12%. The X-ray pattern observed most frequently was unilateral alveolar with predominant involvement of inferior lobes. A total of 77% received treatment with beta lactamics and macrolides, 13% beta lactamics and quinolones and 7% quinolones. Clinical and gasometric improvement were observed at a mean of 5 and 7 days, respectively. X-ray abnormalities improved in 62% in the first week. Eighteen percent had multiorgan failure and four patients died. In the analysis of the variables considered to have poor prognosis, only multiorgan failure demonstrated a significant association with mortality. DISCUSSION: The characteristics of the patients affected by an episode of legionellosis in our health care area were similar to those described in other outbreaks, except for the rapid resolution of the pulmonary infiltrates and low presence of hyponatremia. Multiorgan failure was the only factor associated with poor prognosis.

Estudio descriptivo de un brote de neumonía por Legionella / Descriptive study of a pneumonia episode due to Legionella

Introducción. La Legionella es un bacilo aerobio gramnegativo. Se han descrito 42 especies con 64 serogrupos, siendo Legionella pneumophila serogrupo 1 la que causa enfermedad con mayor frecuencia. Objetivo. Describir un brote de legionelosis con algunas peculiaridades distintas a las comunicadas con anterioridad. Material y método. Estudio descriptivo de las características epidemiológicas y clínicas de los pacientes afectados por un brote de neumonía por Legionella pneumophila serogrupo 1 ocurrido en Vigo durante septiembre y octubre del año 2000 atendidos en el Hospital Xeral-Cíes. Resultados. Se diagnosticaron 33 pacientes, con una edad media de 61 años. El 59% tenía enfermedades subyacentes. Los síntomas más frecuentes fueron fiebre, tos, disnea, diarrea y alteraciones del nivel de conciencia. Se detectó elevación de la creatinfosfoquinasa en el 79% e hiponatremia en el 12%. El patrón radiológico observado con mayor frecuencia fue alveolar unilateral con afectación predominante de lóbulos inferiores. El 77% recibió tratamiento con betalactámicos y macrólidos, el 13% betalactámicos y quinolonas y el 7% quinolonas. Se observó mejoría clínica y gasométrica a los 5 y 7 días de media, respectivamente. En el 62% las alteraciones radiológicas mejoraron en la primera semana. El 18% presentaron fallo multiorgánico y cuatro pacientes fallecieron. En el análisis de las variables consideradas de mal pronóstico, sólo el fracaso multiorgánico demostró una asociación significativa con la mortalidad. Discusión. Las características de los pacientes afectados por un brote de legionelosis en nuestra área sanitaria fueron similares a las descritas en otros brotes, a excepción de la rápida resolución de los infiltrados pulmonares y la baja presencia de hiponatremia. El fracaso multiorgánico fue el único factor que se asoció con mal pronóstico

Background. Legionella is a gram negative aerobic bacillus. A total of 42 species with 64 serogroups have been described, Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 being the one that causes the disease most frequently. Objective. Describe an outbreak of legionellosis with some characteristics different from those communicated previously. Material and methods. Descriptive study of the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the patients affected by an outbreak of pneumonia due to Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1, that ocurred in Vigo in September and October, 2000, seen in the Hospital Xeral-Cies. Results. A total of 33 patients, with a mean age of 61 years, were diagnosed. Fifty-nine percent had underlying diseases. The most frequent symptoms were fever, cough, dyspnea, diarrhea and awareness level alterations. Elevation of creatinphosphokuinase in 79% and hyponatremia in 12%. The X-ray pattern observed most frequently was unilateral alveolar with predominant involvement of inferior lobes. A total of 77% received treatment with beta lactamics and macrolides, 13% beta lactamics and quinolones and 7% quinolones. Clinical and gasometric improvement were observed at a mean of 5 and 7 days, respectively. X-ray abnormalities improved in 62% in the first week. Eighteen percent had multiorgan failure and four patients died. In the analysis of the variables considered to have poor prognosis, only multiorgan failure demonstrated a significant association with mortality. Discussion. The characteristics of the patients affected by an episode of legionellosis in our health care area were similar to those described in other outbreaks, except for the rapid resolution of the pulmonary infiltrates and low presence of hyponatremia. Multiorgan failure was the only factor associated with poor prognosis

Hipotensión ortostática en el anciano / Orthostatic hypotension in the elderly

En esta revisión se repasan las principales carac terísticas de la hipotensión ortostática que ocurre en el anciano. Se trata de una patología poco estudiada y poco detectada en las consultas de Atención Primaria. Se quiere resaltar su enorme preva lencia, la necesidad de una detección sistemática, la dificultad en el estudio diagnóstico, su importancia como factor de riesgo vascular en el grupo de pacientes con 65 años o más y se quieren dar pautas de abordaje y tratamiento desde la Atención Primaria (AU)

The diagnostic value of crude or boiled extracts to identify tolerant versus nontolerant lentil-sensitive children.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare two types of lentil extracts for use in skin prick tests for the diagnosis of lentil clinical allergy. METHODS: Thirty-six patients with a history of allergic reactions after the ingestion of lentils were skin tested with two types of lentil extracts at 0.05, 0.5, 5, and 10 mg/mL. Both extracts were extracted at 40 degrees C and afterward, one of them was boiled for 15 minutes. Thirty-three of these patients underwent oral challenges with lentils and three had a convincing recent history of lentil anaphylaxis. RESULTS: Twenty patients had a positive oral challenge; 13 were negative. Skin prick tests performed with the boiled extract at 0.5 and 5 mg/mL were positive in 96% and 100% of patients with positive food challenge, and in 31% and 85% of those with negative food challenge, respectively; positive skin test results were similar in both groups using the crude extract. Mean wheal sizes using the boiled extract at 0.5, 5, and 10 mg/mL were significantly greater in patients with a positive oral challenge than in those with a negative one (4.9, 6.8, and 7.4 mm versus 1.9, 3.5, and 5.1 mm, respectively; P < 0.05) These mean values were not statistically different using the crude extract. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that lentil extracts for the diagnosis of lentil hypersensitivity should be heated, since boiled extracts, used at a concentration of 0.5 or 5 mg/mL, best identify clinically sensitive individuals.

[Sensitization to paprika: anaphylaxis after intake and rhinoconjunctivitis after contact through airways]. / Sensibilización al pimentón: anafilaxia por ingestión y rinoconjuntivitis tras contacto por vía aérea.

naphylaxis after the intake of paprika and with rhinoconjunctivitis symptoms related to her current occupation, as spices-and-condiment seller, induced the patient to attend to a medical consult. The patient tolerated another solanaceous in her diet. The study was based on skin test using own extracts of different solanaceous, both at room temperature and after warming them up. Skin test with prick-by-prick test were also carried out with fresh solanaceous. All skin tests showed a positive result. The study was completed with conjunctival challenge-test using all the different extracts (positive result with paprika) and use-test with fresh solanaceous (positive result with paprika). In laboratory study, specific IgE was detected to all the solanaceous, as well as histamine release-test positive. Crossed-reactivity between the paprika antigenic determinant recognized by the patient and the one presented by the rest of solanaceous could not be detected using RAST-inhibition studies. This results and the good tolerance of other solanaceous in diet could show that the paprika's antigenic determinant, what induced allergic symptoms in the patient, was not present in the rest of solanaceous.