Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 6 de 6
Filter
1.
Rev. mex. ing. bioméd ; 36(2): 143-154, Jan.-Apr. 2015. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-753800

ABSTRACT

El presente artículo muestra el diseño y operación de un primer prototipo de robot para la guía en la inserción de tornillos en cirugía de fijación de columna. Este tipo de cirugía, realizada normalmente de forma manual, puede producir muchas lesiones debido a errores humanos al momento de introducir los tornillos en las vértebras del paciente. Para evitar dichos errores se puede utilizar la tomografía computarizada, pero los resultados son mucho mejores si un robot asistente proporciona al cirujano el camino para la inserción del tornillo, según la imagen del tomógrafo. Este artículo muestra como utilizando un robot comercial de bajo costo se puede implementar un sistema que provee una solución funcional a este problema. Se implementó un software que permite definir la posición inicial y final del tornillo a ser introducido, sobre la imagen Dicom del paciente. Con esta información el sistema mueve el robot el cual posee un anillo que guiará al cirujano en la inserción final. Los resultados muestran un sistema bastante preciso ofreciendo al cirujano un camino seguro de inserción.


This article presents the design and operation of the first prototype of a robot, designed to guide the insertion of screws in spinal fixation surgery. This type of surgery, usually done manually, could cause many injuries due to human error at the moment of inserting the screws into the patient’s vertebrae. Computed tomography can be used to avoid such errors, but the results are much better if a robot assists and indicates the surgeon the path for the insertion of the screw, according to the image scanner. This article shows how using a commercial low-cost robot can be implemented in a system that provides a practical solution to this problem. A software that allows you to define the start and the end positions of the screw to be introduced on the Dicom image of the patient, was implemented. With this information the system moves the robot which has a ring that will guide the surgeon in the final insertion. The results show a fairly accurate system, giving the surgeon a safe path of insertion.

2.
Actas esp. psiquiatr ; 36(4): 210-217, jul.-ago. 2008. tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-66882

ABSTRACT

La alta prevalencia de morbilidad psiquiátrica en atención primaria, la mayor percepción de necesidad de ayuda de los casos más leves y que las derivaciones sean poco discriminadas, incrementa la presión asistencial en los servicios de salud mental. Todo ello hace necesario disponer de instrumentos que mejoren el reconocimiento de los casos más graves y que ayuden en la toma de decisión de la derivación. Con esta finalidad hemos elaborado una escala con criterios de derivación a salud mental (CDSM) que es multidimensional y hetero aplicada. En este trabajo se muestran los resultados preliminares de su aplicación por un grupo de médicos de atención primaria en un estudio piloto realizado sobre una muestra de 198 pacientes. Los datos obtenidos confirman la existencia de un alto porcentaje de posibles casos psiquiátricos (46,9%) y detecta un 4% de casos susceptibles de derivación. Los resultados también ponen de manifiesto una baja capacidad de detección de dicha patología por parte de los médicos de atención primaria. La CDSM presenta una moderada asociación con el General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) y con el reconocimiento de psicopatología por el médico de atención primaria. Otros factores diferentes de la gravedad clínica evaluada por el CDSM, posiblemente pertenecientes a la relación médico-paciente y que convendría estudiar, parecen estar influyendo en la decisión de derivación a salud mental. En un trabajo ulterior se publicará la validación de la escala para nuestro entorno asistencial (AU)


The high prevalence of psychiatric morbidity in primary care, the growing perception of the need for specialized help by the least severe patients and the lack of accuracy in referrals, contribute to the increasing overload in mental health services. So it seems necessary to design diagnostic tools in order to improve the detection of more severe patients and to help in the referral decision. With this purpose in mind, we have designed the multidimensional hetero-administrated Scale Referral Criteria for Mental Health (CRMH). This paper presents the preliminary results of a pilot study on its application in a sample of 198 patients by a group of Primary Care Physicians (PCP). The data show the detection of a high percentage of potential psychiatric patients (46.9%) and 4% of patients who having the possibility of being referred. The results also illustrate the low ability of PCP to detect these disorders. CRMH has a moderate correlation with the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and with detection of psychopathology by PCP. Other factors, apart from clinical severity evaluated through CRMH, possibly belonging to doctor-patient relationship, which should be analyzed, seem to influence the mental health referral. Ina future article, we will present the validation of this scale in our care setting (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Surveys and Questionnaires , Mental Health/classification , Mental Health/statistics & numerical data , Primary Health Care/methods , Mental Disorders/epidemiology , Mental Disorders/psychology , Mental Status Schedule/statistics & numerical data , Analysis of Variance , Primary Health Care/trends , Signs and Symptoms , Sensitivity and Specificity , Psychopathology/methods
3.
Gac Sanit ; 12(4): 153-9, 1998.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9793240

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study is to estimate the prevalence of mental disorders in the general population of Catalonia. METHODS: Data comes from the Health Interview Survey of Catalonia (Enquesta de Salut de Catalunya, ESCA) and from an epidemiological study of Tres Cantos (Madrid). The General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) was administered to all the individuals older than 14 years (n: 12,455). The prevalence was estimated according to the GHQ score obtained and its correspondence to the probabilities score of the Madrid study. This study determined the probability of being a psychiatric case in a logistic regression using the Present State Examination (PSE) as gold standard. Morbidity Comparative Index (MCI) was used to compare the prevalences between health regions. The population of reference was the population of Catalonia. RESULTS: The 17.42% (CI 95%: 17.02-17.82) of the population of Catalonia older than 14 years suffered a probable mental disorder, the 18.66% (CI 95%: 18.07-19.25) in women and the 15.77% (CI 95%: 15.26-16.28) in men. The prevalence was higher in women with regard to men in all age groups. The MCI was lower in the Health Regions of Lleida and Girona and it was higher in the Health Regions of Tarragona and Tortosa, both in men and women. CONCLUSIONS: The figures are at intermediate level with respect others Spanish and Anglo-Saxon published studies based on population data and lower than the obtained for primary care users in Spain and in other international settings.


Subject(s)
Mental Disorders/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Age Factors , Aged , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Health Surveys , Humans , Logistic Models , Male , Middle Aged , Probability , Sex Factors , Spain/epidemiology , Surveys and Questionnaires
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL
...