Accumulation Dynamics of Defective Genomes during Experimental Evolution of Two Betacoronaviruses.

Virus-encoded replicases often generate aberrant RNA genomes, known as defective viral genomes (DVGs). When co-infected with a helper virus providing necessary proteins, DVGs can multiply and spread. While DVGs depend on the helper virus for propagation, they can in some cases disrupt infectious virus replication, impact immune responses, and affect viral persistence or evolution. Understanding the dynamics of DVGs alongside standard viral genomes during infection remains unclear. To address this, we conducted a long-term experimental evolution of two betacoronaviruses, the human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43) and the murine hepatitis virus (MHV), in cell culture at both high and low multiplicities of infection (MOI). We then performed RNA-seq at regular time intervals, reconstructed DVGs, and analyzed their accumulation dynamics. Our findings indicate that DVGs evolved to exhibit greater diversity and abundance, with deletions and insertions being the most common types. Notably, some high MOI deletions showed very limited temporary existence, while others became prevalent over time. We observed differences in DVG abundance between high and low MOI conditions in HCoV-OC43 samples. The size distribution of HCoV-OC43 genomes with deletions differed between high and low MOI passages. In low MOI lineages, short and long DVGs were the most common, with an additional cluster in high MOI lineages which became more prevalent along evolutionary time. MHV also showed variations in DVG size distribution at different MOI conditions, though they were less pronounced compared to HCoV-OC43, suggesting a more random distribution of DVG sizes. We identified hotspot regions for deletions that evolved at a high MOI, primarily within cistrons encoding structural and accessory proteins. In conclusion, our study illustrates the widespread formation of DVGs during betacoronavirus evolution, influenced by MOI and cell- and virus-specific factors.

Decay of HCoV-OC43 infectivity is lower in cell debris-containing media than in fresh culture media.

In the quantitative description of viral dynamics within cell cultures and, more broadly, in modeling within-host viral infections, a question that commonly arises is whether the degradation of a fraction of the virus could be disregarded in comparison with the massive synthesis of new viral particles. Surprisingly, quantitative data on the synthesis and degradation rates of RNA viruses in cell cultures are scarce. In this study, we investigated the decay of the human betacoronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43) infectivity in cell culture lysates and in fresh media. Our findings revealed a significantly slower viral decay rate in the medium containing lysate cells compared to the fresh medium. This observation suggests that the presence of cellular debris from lysed cells may offer protection or stabilize virions, slowing down their degradation. Moreover, the growth rate of HCoV-OC43 infectivity is significantly higher than degradation as long as there are productive cells in the medium, suggesting that, as a first approximation, degradation can be neglected during early infection.

Digital health technologies supporting the application of comprehensive geriatric assessments in long-term care settings or community care: A systematic review.

Objective: To provide high-quality elderly care, digital health technologies (DHTs) can potentially assist in reaching the full capacity of comprehensive geriatric assessments (CGAs) to improve communication and data transfer on patients' medical and treatment plan information and health decision-making. This systematic review aimed to describe the evidence on the feasibility and usability, efficacy and effectiveness, and implementation outcomes of DHTs developed to facilitate the administration of CGAs for long-term care settings or community care and to describe their technical features and components. Methods: A search strategy was conducted in three databases, targeting studies evaluating the DHTs facilitating the administration of CGAs used in long-term care settings or community care. Studies in English and Spanish published up to 5 April 2023 were considered. Results: Four DHTs supporting the administration of the CGAs were identified. Limited information was found on the technical features and required hardware. Some of the barriers identified regarding usability can be overcome with novel technologies; however, training of health professionals on the assessments and staff knowledge regarding the purpose of the data collected are not technology related and need to be addressed. Conclusions: Barriers regarding usability were related to experienced difficulties navigating the software, unstable network connectivity, and length of the assessment. Feasibility obstacles were associated with the lack of training to use the DHT, availability and accessibility to hardware (e.g. laptops), and lack of insight into the clinical benefits of collected data. Further research must focus on these areas to improve the implementation and usefulness of these DHTs.

DVGfinder: A Metasearch Tool for Identifying Defective Viral Genomes in RNA-Seq Data.

The generation of different types of defective viral genomes (DVG) is an unavoidable consequence of the error-prone replication of RNA viruses. In recent years, a particular class of DVGs, those containing long deletions or genome rearrangements, has gain interest due to their potential therapeutic and biotechnological applications. Identifying such DVGs in high-throughput sequencing (HTS) data has become an interesting computational problem. Several algorithms have been proposed to accomplish this goal, though all incur false positives, a problem of practical interest if such DVGs have to be synthetized and tested in the laboratory. We present a metasearch tool, DVGfinder, that wraps the two most commonly used DVG search algorithms in a single workflow for the identification of the DVGs in HTS data. DVGfinder processes the results of ViReMa-a and DI-tector and uses a gradient boosting classifier machine learning algorithm to reduce the number of false-positive events. The program also generates output files in user-friendly HTML format, which can help users to explore the DVGs identified in the sample. We evaluated the performance of DVGfinder compared to the two search algorithms used separately and found that it slightly improves sensitivities for low-coverage synthetic HTS data and DI-tector precision for high-coverage samples. The metasearch program also showed higher sensitivity on a real sample for which a set of copy-backs were previously validated.

Usability evaluation of the eHealth Long Lasting Memories program in Spanish elderly people.

In recent years, there has been a great development of software technology in the field of psychogeriatric research, helping to improve the quality of life of the elderly and preventing cognitive deterioration associated with aging, and thus decrease the possible dependence. The main objective of the present study is to evaluate the usability of the Long Lasting Memories program in elderly people with or without cognitive impairment in a region of Spain. For the study, users were classified into three groups: subjects with no cognitive impairment, with mild cognitive impairment and mild dementia, and they were given a usability questionnaire covering different variables. Of the 157 Spanish participants in the study, 84.1 percent answered the usability questionnaire, obtaining wide acceptance in all study groups regarding the usability of the Long Lasting Memories program. Current research begins to mark a new perspective that recognizes the need to establish a preventive strategy for degenerative diseases.

Suicide Prevention Mobile Apps: Descriptive Analysis of Apps from the Most Popular Virtual Stores.

BACKGROUND: Provision of follow-up and care during treatment of people with suicidal intentions is a challenge for health professionals and experts in information and communications technology (ICT). Therefore, health professionals and ICT experts are making efforts to carry out these activities in collaboration by using mobile apps as a technological resource. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to descriptively analyze mobile apps aimed at suicide prevention and to determine relevant factors in their design and development. In addition, it sought to analyze their impact on the support of treatment for patients at risk for suicide. METHODS: We considered 20 apps previously listed in the article "Mobile Apps for Suicide Prevention: Review of Virtual Stores and Literature" (de la Torre et al, JMIR mHealth uHealth 2017;5[10]:e130). To find the apps in this list, the most popular app stores (Android and iOS) were searched using the keyword "suicide prevention." The research focused on publicly available app information: language, platform, and user ratings. The results obtained were statistically evaluated using 16 parameters that establish various factors that may affect the choice of the user, and the consequent support that the app can offer to a person at risk for suicide. RESULTS: Of the 20 mobile apps, 4 no longer appeared in the app stores and were therefore excluded. Analysis of the remaining 16 apps sampled showed the following: (1) a high percentage of the apps analyzed in the study (n=13, 82%) are provided in English language; (2) the sampled apps were last updated in 2017, when only 45% of them were updated, but the constant and progressive update of treatments should be reflected in the apps; and (3) the technical quality of these apps cannot be determined on the basis of the distribution of scores, because their popularity indices can be subjective (according to the users). User preference for a particular operating system would require further, more specific research, including study of the differences in the technical and usability aspects between both platforms and the design of medical apps. CONCLUSIONS: Although there are positive approaches to the use of apps for suicide prevention and follow-up, the technical and human aspects are yet to be explored and defined. For example, the design and development of apps that support suicide prevention should be strongly supported by health personnel to humanize these apps, so that the effectiveness of the treatments supported by them can be improved.

Depressive Symptoms in Mild Cognitive Impairment and the Risk of Dementia: A Systematic Review and Comparative Meta-Analysis of Clinical and Community-Based Studies.

BACKGROUND: Affective symptoms are considered a risk factor or prodromal symptom for dementia. Recent reviews indicate that depressive symptoms predict progression from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to dementia, but results need to be further explored. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of depressive symptoms on the development of dementia in people with MCI, and explore potential sources of between-study variability, including study setting by a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: Databases were searched for prospective studies defining people with MCI at baseline, investigating dementia at follow-up and giving information about depressive symptoms. Two authors independently extracted data from the studies and rated the methodological quality. Meta-analyses were conducted using random-effect models to yield pooled risk ratios (RR). Meta-regression analyses tested differences between clinical and community-based studies and other sources of heterogeneity. RESULTS: Thirty-five studies, representing 14,158 individuals with MCI, were included in the meta-analysis. Depressive symptoms in MCI predicted dementia in 15 community-based studies (RR = 1.69, 95% CI 1.49-1.93, I2 = 0.0%), but not in 20 clinical studies (RR = 1.02, 95% CI 0.92-1.14, I2 = 73.0%). Further investigation of this effect showed that the mean age of community-based studies was significantly higher than of clinical studies but neither this nor other study characteristics explained variability in study outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Depressive symptoms are associated with an increased risk of conversion from MCI to dementia in community-based studies. In contrast, evidence in clinical populations was insufficient with high heterogeneity.

Addressing Suicide Risk According to Different Healthcare Professionals in Spain: A Qualitative Study.

This study analyzes the views of four groups of healthcare professionals who may play a role in the management of suicidal behavior. The goal was to identify key factors for suicide prevention in different areas of the healthcare system. Qualitative research was conducted using focus groups made up of different healthcare professionals who participated in the identification, management, and prevention of suicidal behavior. Professionals included were primary care physicians, psychologists, psychiatrists, and emergency physicians. 'Suicide' was amongst the most relevant terms that came up in discussions most of the times it appeared associated with words such as 'risk', danger', or 'harm'. In the analysis by categories, the four groups of professionals agreed that interventions in at-risk behaviors are first in importance. Prevention was the second main concern with greater significance among psychiatrists. Primary care professionals call for more time to address patients at risk for suicide and easier access to and communication with the mental health network. Emergency care professionals have a lack of awareness of their role in the detection of risk for suicide in patients who seek attention at emergency care facilities for reasons of general somatic issues. Mental health care professionals are in high demand in cases of self-harm, but they would like to receive specific training in dealing with suicidal behavior.

A Systematic Literature Review of Technologies for Suicidal Behavior Prevention.

Suicide is the second cause of death in young people. The use of technologies as tools facilitates the detection of individuals at risk of suicide thus allowing early intervention and efficacy. Suicide can be prevented in many cases. Technology can help people at risk of suicide and their families. It could prevent situations of risk of suicide with the technological evolution that is increasing. This work is a systematic review of research papers published in the last ten years on technology for suicide prevention. In September 2017, the consultation was carried out in the scientific databases PubMed, ScienceDirect, PsycINFO, The Cochrane Library and Google Scholar. A general search was conducted with the terms "prevention" AND "suicide" AND "technology. More specific searches included technologies such as "Web", "mobile", "social networks", and others terms related to technologies. The number of articles found following the methodology proposed was 90, but only 30 are focused on the objective of this work. Most of them were Web technologies (51.61%), mobile solutions (22.58%), social networks (12.90%), machine learning (3.23%) and other technologies (9.68%). According to the results obtained, although there are technological solutions that help the prevention of suicide, much remains to be done in this field. Collaboration among technologists, psychiatrists, patients, and family members is key to advancing the development of new technology-based solutions that can help save lives.

Facilitating Factors and Barriers to the Use of Emerging Technologies for Suicide Prevention in Europe: Multicountry Exploratory Study.

BACKGROUND: This study provides an analysis on the use of emerging technologies for the prevention of suicide in 8 different European countries. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to analyze the potentiality of using emerging technologies in the area of suicide prevention based on the opinion of different professionals involved in suicide prevention. METHODS: Opinions of 3 groups of stakeholders (ie, relevant professionals in suicide field) were gathered using a specifically designed questionnaire to explore dimensions underlying perceptions of facilitating factors and barriers in relation to the use of emerging technologies for suicide prevention. RESULTS: Goal 1 involved facilitating factors for the use of emerging technologies in suicide prevention. Northern European countries, except for Belgium, attach greater relevance to those that optimize implementation and benefits. On the other hand, Southern European countries attach greater importance to professionally oriented and user-centered facilitating factors. According to different stakeholders, the analysis of these facilitating factors suggest that professionals in the field of social work attach greater relevance to those that optimize implementation and benefits. However, professionals involved in the area of mental health, policy makers, and political decision makers give greater importance to professionally oriented and user-centered facilitating factors. Goal 2 was related to barriers to the usability of emerging technologies for suicide prevention. Both countries and stakeholders attach greater importance to barriers associated with resource constraints than to those centered on personal limitations. There are no differences between countries or between stakeholders. Nevertheless, there is a certain stakeholders-countries interaction that indicates that the opinions on resource constraints expressed by different stakeholders do not follow a uniform pattern in different countries, but they differ depending on the country. CONCLUSIONS: Although all countries and stakeholders agree in identifying resource constraints as the main barrier to the use of emerging technologies, factors facilitating their use in suicide prevention differ among countries and among stakeholders.

Online interventions for caregivers of people with dementia: a systematic review.

INTRODUCTION: The elderly population is growing driven by the increase in life expectancy, which in turn entails an increase in the number of people with chronic diseases such as dementia. The vast majority of people suffering from this illness is assisted by informal caregivers, who play a key role in fulfilling the patients’ needs, promoting the possibility for people with dementia to live in their home environment. The Internet as a support tool in psychoeducational programs can significantly improve accessibility of them, becoming a currently consolidated interactive resource for the training of patients with acute and chronic diseases, and their caregivers. POPULATION AND METHOD: A literature search of the Pubmed, PsyINFO, Scopus, SciELO and Psicodoc databases was performed to systematically review those studies related to web-based interventions for informal caregivers of people with dementia or cognitive impairment. RESULTS: On balance, the studies show a significant improvement after the psychoeducational intervention. Specifically, the improvement in caregivers’ wellbeing can be observed in the measures for self-efficacy, anxiety and depression. CONCLUSIONS: Online interventions are a promising strategy for the care of people with dementia. It would be advisable to perform further randomized trials to assess the reasons for lack of adherence to intervention, as well as usability studies to test the different software programs used.

Use of New Technologies in the Prevention of Suicide in Europe: An Exploratory Study.

BACKGROUND: New technologies are an integral component of today's society and can complement existing suicide prevention programs. Here, we analyzed the use of new technologies in the prevention of suicide in 8 different European countries. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this paper was to assess the opinions of professionals in incorporating such resources into the design of a suicide prevention program for the region of Zamora in Spain. This investigation, encompassed within the European project entitled European Regions Enforcing Actions against Suicide (EUREGENAS), includes 11 regions from 8 different countries and attempts to advance the field of suicide prevention in Europe. METHODS: Using a specifically designed questionnaire, we assessed the opinions of 3 different groups of stakeholders regarding the use, frequency of use, facilitators, content, and format of new technologies for the prevention of suicide. The stakeholders were comprised of policy and public management professionals, professionals working in the area of mental health, and professionals related to the social area and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). A total of 416 participants were recruited in 11 regions from 8 different European countries. RESULTS: The utility of the new technologies was valued positively in all 8 countries, despite these resources being seldom used in those countries. In all the countries, the factors that contributed most to facilitating the use of new technologies were accessibility and free of charge. Regarding the format of new technologies, the most widely preferred formats for use as a tool for the prevention of suicide were websites and email. The availability of information about signs of alarm and risk factors was the most relevant content for the prevention of suicide through the use of new technologies. The presence of a reference mental health professional (MHP) was also considered to be a key aspect. The countries differed in the evaluations given to the different formats suggesting that the cultural characteristics of the country should be taken into account. CONCLUSIONS: New technologies are much appreciated resources; however they are not often underused in the field of suicide prevention. The results of this exploratory study show that new technologies are indeed useful resources and should be incorporated into suicide prevention programs.

Intervenciones online para cuidadores de personas con demencia: revisión sistemática / Online interventions for caregivers of people with dementia: a systematic review

Introducción. La población de edad avanzada está creciendo debido al aumento de la esperanza de vida, lo que lleva a un incremento de personas con enfermedades crónicas, como la demencia. La mayoría de la población que sufre esta enfermedad es atendida por cuidadores informales, quienes juegan un papel muy importante en el cumplimiento de las necesidades, favoreciendo que puedan seguir viviendo en su ambiente. Internet se presenta como una herramienta de apoyo a los programas de psicoeducación que mejore la accesibilidad de los mismos, estableciéndose, en la actualidad, como un recurso interactivo para la formación de pacientes con enfermedades agudas y crónicas así como a sus cuidadores. Población y método. Mediante una búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos Pubmed, PsyINFO, Scopus, SciELO y Psicodoc, se revisaron sistemáticamente los estudios relativos a intervenciones basadas en internet para cuidadores informales de personas con demencia o deterioro cognitivo. Resultados. En conjunto, los estudios indican una mejoría significativa tras la intervención psicoeducativa. Concretamente, la mejora del bienestar de los cuidadores se aprecia en las medidas de autoeficacia, ansiedad y depresión. Conclusiones. Las intervenciones online constituyen una estrategia prometedora para la intervención de cuidadores de personas con demencia. Serían convenientes mayores estudios aleatorizados, que evalúen tanto los motivos de falta de adherencia a la intervención como estudios de usabilidad de los diversos programas de software empleados (AU)

Introduction. The elderly population is growing driven by the increase in life expectancy, which in turn entails an increase in the number of people with chronic diseases such as dementia. The vast majority of people suffering from this illness is assisted by informal caregivers, who play a key role in fulfilling the patients’ needs, promoting the possibility for people with dementia to live in their home environment. The Internet as a support tool in psychoeducational programs can significantly improve accessibility of them, becoming a currently consolidated interactive resource for the training of patients with acute and chronic diseases, and their caregivers. Population and method. A literature search of the Pubmed, PsyINFO, Scopus, SciELO and Psicodoc databases was performed to systematically review those studies related to web-based interventions for informal caregivers of people with dementia or cognitive impairment. Results. On balance, the studies show a significant improvement after the psychoeducational intervention. Specifically, the improvement in caregivers’ wellbeing can be observed in the measures for self-efficacy, anxiety and depression. Conclusions. Online interventions are a promising strategy for the care of people with dementia. It would be advisable to perform further randomized trials to assess the reasons for lack of adherence to intervention, as well as usability studies to test the different software programs used (AU)

Target risk factors for dementia prevention: a systematic review and Delphi consensus study on the evidence from observational studies.

OBJECTIVE: Dementia has a multifactorial etiology, but the importance of individual health and lifestyle related risk factors is often uncertain or based on few studies. The goal of this paper is to identify the major modifiable risk factors for dementia as a first step in developing an effective preventive strategy and promoting healthy late life cognitive functioning. METHODS: A mixed-method approach combined findings from a systematic literature review and a Delphi consensus study. The literature search was conducted in PubMed and updated an earlier review by the United States National Institutes of Health from 2010. We reviewed the available evidence from observational epidemiological studies. The online Delphi study asked eight international experts to rank and weigh each risk factor for its importance for dementia prevention. RESULTS: Out of 3127 abstracts, 291 were included in the review. There was good agreement between modifiable risk factors identified in the literature review and risk factors named spontaneously by experts. After triangulation of both methods and re-weighting by experts, strongest support was found for depression, (midlife) hypertension, physical inactivity, diabetes, (midlife) obesity, hyperlipidemia, and smoking, while more research is needed for coronary heart disease, renal dysfunction, diet, and cognitive activity. CONCLUSIONS: Findings provide good support for several somatic and lifestyle factors and will be used to inform the design of a new multicenter trial into dementia prevention.

Juan de Jesús Rodríguez Robayo y Juan R. Robayo / Juan de Jesús Rodríguez Robayo and Juan R. Robayo

Se presenta una pequeña semblanza del Dr. Juan R. Robayo desde su infancia en Colombia, pasando por su formación universitaria, hasta sus notables aportes a la farmacia clínica estadounidense, considerando además su gran dedicación a la creación de la Organización de Farmacéuticos Ibero-Latinoamericanos (OFIL).

A small sketch about Dr. Juan R. Robayo is presented. It comes from his childhood in Colombia, his university studies, to its remarkable contributions to American clinical pharmacy, also considering his dedication during the creation of the Organization of Iberian-Latin American Pharmacists (Organización de Farmacéuticos Ibero-Latinoamericanos, OFIL).

Estudio histomorfológico de la capacidad de regeneración ósea del plasma rico en plaquetas, médula ósea y fosfato tricálcico: estudio experimental en cerdos "regeneración ósea en cirugía experimental en cerdos" / Histomorphological study of the bone regeneration capacity of platelet-rich plasma, bone marrow and tricalcium phosphate experimental study on pigs

Objetivo: Se valora histomorfológicamente la capacidad de regeneración ósea del plasma rico en plaquetas, a distintas concentraciones,y el extracto de médula ósea rico en plaquetas, en comparación con -fosfato tricálcico. Material y Metodo: Se realiza un trabajo experimental en 8 cerdos, a los que se les practican trepanaciones mandibulares para colocar los materiales a estudio. Las muestras obtenidas se observan mediante microscopio electrónico y se realizan fotografías sistemáticas para analizarlas mediante un sistema de histograma de grises. Resultados: Los fenómenos de osificación se aprecian en el 96% de los defectos practicados, con independencia del material empleado para rellenarlo. Se aprecia que el plasma rico en plaquetas (PRP) y la médula ósea (M) muestran un grado de osteogénesis equivalente, 12,3 y 13,4 respectivamente más potencia que el control. El plasma pobre en plaquetas (PPP) presenta una capacidad semejante a los controles (C) con una media de sustracción de 14,03 y 14,12 respectivamente. El fosfato tricálcico (FT) se muestra efectivo como elemento inductor de osificación, 3,03 veces más potente que el control. Conclusiones: La osificación se presenta en la mayor parte de los defectos practicados. El PRP y la M son los elementos con máscapacidad osteogénica y el PPP no se muestra más efectivo que el control.

Objetive: On numerous occasions after the oral surgery bone defects occur which may be difficult to repair. Objective: We assessed the histomorphologic bone regeneration capacity of platelet-rich plasma at different concentrations, and extract bone marrow platelet-rich, compared with -tricalcium phosphate. Material and Methods: We performed an experimental study in 8 pigs, who are practicing trepanaciones jaw to move the materials to study. The samples obtained were observed through electronic microscope and systematic photographs were made to analyse them through a system of gray histogram. Results: Ossification Phenomena were seen in 96% of the defaults practiced with independance of the material used to fill them. It is appreciated that the platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and bone marrow (M) show an equivalent degree of osteogenesis, 12.3 and 13.4 respectively, more power than the control. The platelet-poor plasma (PPP) provides a capability similar to controls (C) with an average of 14.03 and 14.12 abduction respectively. Tricalcium phosphate (FT) is effective as an inducer of ossification, 3.03 times more potent than the control. Conclusions: The ossification occurs in most of the charged defects. The PRP and the M are the most osteogenic capacity and the PPP is no more effective than control.

Histomorphological study of the bone regeneration capacity of platelet-richplasma, bone marrow and tricalcium phosphate Experimental study on pigs

Introduction: Bone defects are rather common after oral surgery and may prove difficult to repair. Objective: Weprovide a histomorphological analysis of the bone regenerative capacity of platelet-rich plasma at different concentrationsand the extraction of platelet-rich bone marrow, compared with &bgr;-tricalcium phosphate. Methodology:We performed an experimental study on 8 pigs, in which we performed trepanations of the mandible inorder to place the materials to be studied. Using an electron microscope, we observed the samples obtained andtook a series of photographs in order to analyze the samples through a gray-scale histogram system.Results: Ossification phenomena were present in 96% of the charged defects, regardless of the material used to fillit. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and the bone marrow (M) showed an equivalent degree of osteogenesis, 12.3 and 13.4respectively, which is greater in than the control group. The platelet-poor plasma (PPP) shows a capacity similarto the control groups (C), with an average count of 14.03 and 14.12 respectively. Tricalcium phosphate (TP) wasshown to be effective as an ossification inducer, 3.03 times stronger than the control group. Conclusions: Ossificationoccurs in most of the charged defects. PRP and M had the greatest osteogenic capacity but PPP was nomore effective than the control (AU)

No disponible

Histomorphological study of the bone regeneration capacity of platelet-rich plasma, bone marrow and tricalcium phosphate: Experimental study on pigs.

INTRODUCTION: Bone defects are rather common after oral surgery and may prove difficult to repair. OBJECTIVE: We provide a histomorphological analysis of the bone regenerative capacity of platelet-rich plasma at different concentrations and the extraction of platelet-rich bone marrow, compared with beta-tricalcium phosphate. METHODOLOGY: We performed an experimental study on 8 pigs, in which we performed trepanations of the mandible in order to place the materials to be studied. Using an electron microscope, we observed the samples obtained and took a series of photographs in order to analyze the samples through a gray-scale histogram system. RESULTS: Ossification phenomena were present in 96% of the charged defects, regardless of the material used to fill it. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and the bone marrow (M) showed an equivalent degree of osteogenesis, 12.3 and 13.4 respectively, which is greater in than the control group. The platelet-poor plasma (PPP) shows a capacity similar to the control groups (C), with an average count of 14.03 and 14.12 respectively. Tricalcium phosphate (TP) was shown to be effective as an ossification inducer, 3.03 times stronger than the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Ossification occurs in most of the charged defects. PRP and M had the greatest osteogenic capacity but PPP was no more effective than the control .

Tratamiento de la mucositis oral con un protector de la mucosa / No disponible

Actualmente el tratamiento del cáncer se sigue basando en la administración de quimio radioterapia, asociada o no a cirugía. Este tratamiento conlleva una serie de efectos secundarios, tanto locales como sistémicos, entre los que destaca la mucositis oral por su elevada prevalencia. La mucositis oral cursa con dolor y úlceras que limitan las funciones bucales básicas y además puede ser la puerta de entrada de infecciones oportunistas, lo que incrementa la morbilidad y mortalidad del paciente oncológico. En la actualidad no existe ningún tratamiento de la mucositis que sea totalmente eficaz, existiendo en la literatura diversos trabajos en los que se ensayan diferentes fármacos y soluciones antisépticas y anestésicas, con resultados controvertidos. Estudios recientes se han centrado en la aplicación de un protector de la mucosa oral, obteniéndose buenos resultados en cuanto a la disminución del dolor y a la gravedad de la mucositis. En este trabajo se plantea verificar si este protector mucoso es efectivo en pacientes con enfermedades hematológicas (AU)

Nowadays, chemoradiotherapy is one of the main treatments of cancer patients. These therapies produce a lot of systemic and local secondary effects. Among them, oral mucositis is frequent and may affect the quality of life. Clinical signs and symptoms of oral mucositisinclude oral pain and ulcers that limit the mouth functionality and can be the start of opportunistic infections. Moreover, oral mucositis may contribute to increase the morbidity and mortality of cancer patients. The management of mucositis is controversial. Recent studies tested an oral protecting agent; its main components are polivinylpirrolidone and hyaluronic acid. Some authors observed positive results concerning to reduction of oral pain and severity of oral mucositis. In this work, a clinical study in patients with haematological malignancies in order to confirm the results described in the literature is performed (AU)