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J Biol Chem ; 294(50): 18969-18979, 2019 12 13.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31615841

ABSTRACT

Cytoplasmic dsRNA is recognized by RNA helicase RIG-I (RIG-I) and melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5), triggering induction of the innate immune response via the mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS). In contrast, extracellular dsRNA is internalized into endosomes and recognized by Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), which triggers signaling via the Toll-like receptor adaptor molecule 1 (TICAM-1). Poly(I:C) is a synthetic dsRNA analog and increases the expression of octamer-binding protein 3/4 (OCT3/4), NANOG, and SRY-box (SOX) mRNAs during pluripotency induction. However, the mechanism underlying this increase is unclear. Here, we focused on the mechanism of poly(I:C)-induced expression of stem cell-specific genes in human somatic cells. Addition of poly(I:C) to human fibroblast culture medium did not increase OCT3/4 mRNA expression, but poly(I:C) transfection markedly increased OCT3/4 expression and induced nuclear localization of the OCT3/4 protein, implying that not TLR3, but RIG-I and MDA5 are required for OCT3/4 expression. Moreover, although cytoplasmic dsRNA increased OCT3/4 mRNA, cytoplasmic dsDNAs, such as salmon sperm DNA and poly(dA:dT), did not. Interestingly, the expression of NANOG, SOX2, Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4), and proto-oncogene c-Myc was also increased by cytoplasmic dsRNA. Of note, siRNAs that silenced MAVS and interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) expression reduced OCT3/4 levels after stimulation with poly(I:C); however, an NF-κB inhibitor and siRNA-mediated knockdown of proto-oncogene c-Jun did not significantly reduce the mRNA levels. We conclude that cytoplasmic dsRNA increases the expression of stem cell-specific genes in human somatic cells in a MAVS- and IRF1-dependent manner.


Subject(s)
Cytoplasm/chemistry , Nanog Homeobox Protein/genetics , Octamer Transcription Factor-3/genetics , Organic Cation Transport Proteins/genetics , RNA, Double-Stranded/metabolism , RNA, Messenger/genetics , Cell Differentiation , Cell Line , Cytoplasm/metabolism , Humans , Kruppel-Like Factor 4 , Nanog Homeobox Protein/metabolism , Octamer Transcription Factor-3/metabolism , Organic Cation Transport Proteins/metabolism , Proto-Oncogene Mas , RNA, Messenger/metabolism
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