ABSTRACT
Chemical investigation of the methanol extract of Koordersiodendron pinnatum Merr. leaves resulted a new naphthalene derivative, (Z)-4-(tetradec-3-enyl)naphthalene-1,2,7-triol (1), together with three known compounds, β-sitosterol (2), 20-epibryonolic acid (3), and scopoletin (4). The structure of the new compound was elucidated based on spectroscopic evidence. The isolated compounds (1-4) were tested their cytotoxic activities against the P-388 murine leukemia cell line and compound 1 has highest activity with IC50 1.94 ㎛
ABSTRACT
Chemical investigation of the methanol extract of Koordersiodendron pinnatum Merr. leaves resulted a new naphthalene derivative, (Z)-4-(tetradec-3-enyl)naphthalene-1,2,7-triol (1), together with three known compounds, β-sitosterol (2), 20-epibryonolic acid (3), and scopoletin (4). The structure of the new compound was elucidated based on spectroscopic evidence. The isolated compounds (1-4) were tested their cytotoxic activities against the P-388 murine leukemia cell line and compound 1 has highest activity with IC50 1.94 ㎛
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to assess awareness, attitudes, need and demand on replacement of missing teeth according to edentulous space, age, gender, ethnicity, educational level and socio-economical status of the patient. RESULTS: 76.2% of the study group was opined that the missing teeth should be replaced by prosthetic means. Majority were keen in getting them replaced mainly for the comfort in mastication. Although 77.9 and 32.9% were aware of the removable prostheses and implants respectively, only 25.2% knew about tooth supported bridges as an option of replacement of missing teeth. Participants' awareness on tooth and implant supported prostheses is at a higher level. Participants' opinion on need of regular dental visit was statistically significant when gender, ethnicity and education level were considered. The highest demand for replacement of missing teeth was observed in Kennedy class I and II situations in both upper and lower arches. Demand for fixed prostheses was significantly highest in Kennedy class II in upper and lower arches. In conclusion, although removable prosthodontic options are known to most of the patients, their awareness on tooth and implant supported prostheses is also at a higher level. The highest demand for replacement of missing teeth is by patients with Kennedy class I and II situations whereas Kennedy class II being the category with highest demand for fixed prostheses. We recommend that the location of missing teeth to be considered as a priority when educating patients on the most appropriate prosthetic treatment options. Dentists' involvement in educating patients on prosthetic options needs to be improved.
Subject(s)
Dental Prosthesis/psychology , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Health Services Needs and Demand/statistics & numerical data , Hospitals, University/statistics & numerical data , Tooth Loss/psychology , Tooth Loss/therapy , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Sri Lanka , Young AdultABSTRACT
Aims: Diarrheal disease is one of serious healthcare problems in developing countries. Endophytic bacteria have been known as a promising source of new antibiotics against susceptible and resistant forms of microorganisms. In this study, we identified three endophytic bacteria isolated from Neesia altissima and screened their antagonistic activity against diarrhea-causing bacteria in order to find new potential secondary metabolites. Methodology and results: Samples of N. altissima were collected from mount Halimun-Salak national park. Endophytic bacteria were isolated from roots, barks, and fresh leaves of N. altissima by surface sterilized method. Screening of antagonistics activity was conducted against five diarrhea-causing bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella flexneri, and Bacillus cereus using crude extract dilution and diffusion disc methods. Three endophytic bacteria showed antagonistic activity against the pathogenic bacteria. Identification of the three potential endophytic bacteria using molecular analysis showed that two isolates determined as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and one isolate belongs to P. azotoformans. Conclusion, significance and impact study: Crude extract of P. aeruginosa (strain 1.4.1A and 1.2.7D) and P. azotoformans (strain 1.8.7KB) showed growth inhibition activity to the diarrhea-causing bacteria. This is the first report of P. azotoformans exhibited antagonistic activities against diarrhea-causing bacteria. This data suggested that bacterial endophytes from N. altissima provided potential sources for the discovery of new secondary metabolites to combat the diarrhea-causing bacteria. This finding highlights potential prospects of endophytic bacteria utilization from endemic medicinal plants for the discovery of novel bioactive compounds.
