Expression of Endocan in Tissue Samples from Prostate Adenocarcinoma and Prostate Hyperplasia: A comparative retrospective study.

PURPOSE:  In this study, we aimed to determine whether there is a significant difference in endocan expression levels between prostate adenocarcinoma and prostate hyperplasia tissues by using an immunohistochemical method.  Materials and Methods: All of 51 patients, who were getting treatment for the last 5 years, participated in the study. 31 of 51 patients underwent transrectal sonography (TRUSG) -assisted prostate biopsy because of prostate adenocarcinoma as diagnosed with elevated PSA levels and histopathological examination. The remaining 20 patients comprised the control group. The control group included patients with benign prostate hyperplasia based on pathological examination.  Results: It was found that there was strong positive epithelial staining in 74.2% of patients with prostate cancer while in 5% of controls, indicating a statistically significant difference (P < .001). It was also found that the rate of strong positive endothelial staining was 77.4% in the patient group whereas 5% in the control group (P < .001). Also, the rate of strong positive stromal staining was 64.5% in the patient group while 5% in the control group (P < .001).  Conclusion:  We found that tissue endocan expression level was statistically significantly higher in patients with prostate cancer compared to those with benign prostate hyperplasia by using an immunohistochemical method.

Cystoid macular edema secondary to gyrate atrophy in a child treated with sub-tenon injection of triamcinolone acetonide.

Purpose: Gyrate atrophy (GA) of the fundus is a rare, progressive metabolic disease secondary to the deficiency of the pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzyme, ornithine aminotransferase. GA may lead to cystoid macular edema (CME) resulting from chronic inflammation. We aimed to report a child case with CME secondary to gyrate atrophy. Methods: Herein we presented a GA case treated with posterior sub-Tenon triamcinolone acetonide injection. Results: Optical coherence tomography examination revealed the disappearance of the macular edema that is a vision-threatening complication in GA. Conclusion: The present case showed that the posterior sub-Tenon injection of long acting steroids might be a promising treatment in CME secondary to GA.

Posttraumatic High-Flow Nonischemic Priapism.

Priapism is an uncommon disorder, and nonischemic priapism is seen less frequently in children, generally after trauma. Although it seems to be an advantage that urgent intervention is not required because of no cavernous ischemia, it is likely to be misdiagnosed because of the asymptomatic potential. We aimed to present a case of posttraumatic nonischemic priapism.

Efficacy of Silodosin Dose in Medical Expulsive Therapy for Distal Ureteral Stones: A Retrospective Study.

PURPOSE: We aimed to investigate the efficacy of silodosin 4 mg/day and 8 mg/day for medical expulsive therapy(MET) of lower ureteral stones. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 161 patients admitted to urologyclinics of Ahi Evran University Medical Faculty and Ankara Training and Research Hospital with distal ureteralstones and treated with MET with different doses of silodosin between January 2013 and August 2015. 81 patientswere treated with silodosin 4mg/day in group-1 and 80 patients with silodosin 8mg/day in group-2. Age, gender,complaints on admission, stone size, the distance between the stone and ureterovesical junction, stone passage rate,duration of stone passage after starting MET, and adverse effects were noted from the charts of the patients, andthe groups were compared. RESULTS: There were 81 patients in group-1, and 80 patients in group-2. Two groups were similar for age (P =.38)and gender (P =.92). Spontaneous stone passage was seen in 41 (50.9%) patients in group-1, and in 59 (73.8%)patients in group 2. The groups were different for spontaneous stone passage rate (P =.002). In group-1, 10 (25%)patients that could not pass their stones spontaneously and were treated with extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy(SWL), and 30 (75%) of them were treated with ureterolithotripsy. Eight (38%) patients that could not undergoureterolithotripsy and/or anesthesia and were not able to pass their stones were treated with SWL, and 13 (62%)patients were treated with ureterolithotripsy in group-2. All of the patients were stone free at the end of the treatment. CONCLUSION: A dose of 8 mg/day should be preferred if silodosin is to be preferred for MET in lower ureteral stones.

Approach of Turkish ophthalmologists to micronutrition in age-related macular degeneration.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the knowledge and behaviors of ophthalmologists in Turkey concerning micronutrition support in patients with age related macular degeneration (ARMD). METHODS: This study involved 1,845 ophthalmologists. A scientific poll was sent to all participants by email. The survey covered the following: demographic features, subspecialty knowledge about micronutrition preference for prescribing micronutrition to age related macular degeneration patients, and the reason for this preference. If a participant indicated that he or she prescribed micronutrition, the participant was also asked to indicate the source of the treatment and supplemental treatments. RESULTS: Of 1,845 ophthalmologists, 249 responded to the survey. Of the respondents, 9% (22) never, 43% (107) sometimes, 37% (92) frequently, and 11% (27) always used micronutrition. The most frequent prescribing subgroup was general ophthalmology (22%), followed by the retina-uvea subspecialty (13.9%). The micronutrition prescribing ratio was 54.8% in retina-uvea specialists when the "frequent" and "always" responses were combined. There was no statistically significant difference between subgroups with respect to prescribing micronutrition. Among the ophthalmologists prescribing micronutrition, 57.1% of them did not use the Age-Related Eye Disease Study-1 (AREDS) criteria, and only 31.3% prescribe micronutrition according to AREDS criteria. The results for the general ophthalmologist and retina-uvea specialist subgroups were similar, 56.3% vs 20.2%, and 54.1% vs 36.1%, respectively. Micronutrition was not recommended for the following reasons: expensive (55.4%), low patient expectancy (40%), no effect (30%), and low patient drug compliance (25.4%). Moreover, 55.2% of the clinicians recommended physical activities, dietary changes, and smoking cessation; 7.3% did not recommend these behavioral changes. CONCLUSION: This survey demonstrated that micronutrition preference in age related macular degeneration was low in ophthalmologists in Turkey. Additionally, retina specialists have a lower rate of prescribing micronutrition. Micronutrition support and behavior such as smoking cessation, dietary changes, etc. should be recommended more often to patients with age related macular degeneration.