Geographical characteristics of single nucleotide polymorphism of candidate genes associated with coronary artery disease in Chinese Han population / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the geographical characteristics of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of candidate genes associated with coronary artery disease in Chinese Han population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Study population were Chinese Han nationality recruited from Xi'an, Shiyan and Ningbo districts. Patients with coronary artery disease were defined by coronary angiography with stenosis >or= 50% and control subjects with stenosis < 10%, respectively. The DNA was extracted from peripheral white blood cell by approach comprised proteinase K digestion, phenol and chloroform extraction as well as isopropanol precipitation. The SNP of ATP-binding cassette transporter (ABCA1)-G596A, cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP)-Taq1B, Lipoprotein lipase (LPL)-Hind III and LPL-Pvu II were genotyped by PCR-RFLPs, and verified by gene sequencing.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A Total of 615 patients undertaken coronary angiography were recruited from cardiac center in Xi'an (220), Ningbo (209) and Shiyan district (186), China (mean age 60 +/- 10 years, 75.9% males). Diabetes mellitus was more prevalent in Xi'an Cohort population than Shiyan and Ningbo cohort (P < 0.01). Plasma total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels in Xi'an Cohort population were significantly higher, and HDL-C siginificantly lower than in Shiyan and Ningbo cohort population [HDL-C: (1.17 +/- 0.48) mmol/L vs. (1.25 +/- 0.33) mmol/L and (1.29 +/- 0.44) mmol/L, P < 0.05]. Distribution differences for ABCA1-G596A and CETP-Taq1B genotypes were found in Xi'an Cohort population compared to Ningbo and Shiyan cohorts (for ABCA1, Xi'an: 0.24, 0.53, 0.23 and Shiyan: 0.17, 0.62, 0.21 and Ningbo: 0.34, 0.37, 0.29, for GG, AG, AA, respectively, P < 0.01; and for CETP, Xi'an: 0.29, 0.54, 0.17 and Shiyan: 0.38, 0.40, 0.22 and Ningbo: 0.39, 0.49, 0.12 for B1B1, B1B2, B2B2, respectively, P < 0.01), but not for LPL variants. ABCA1-G596A variant predicted HDL-C [Xi'an: (1.2 +/- 0.3) mmol/L, (1.3 +/- 0.2) mmol/L and (1.4 +/- 0.4) mmol/L, P = 0.01; Shiyan: (1.1 +/- 0.4) mmol/L: (1.2 +/- 0.3) mmol/L and (1.3 +/- 0.4) mmol/L, P = 0.03; Ningbo, (1.2 +/- 0.3) mmol/L, (1.3 +/- 0.4) mmol/L and (1.4 +/- 0.3) mmol/L, across GG, GA to AA genotype, respectively, P = 0.01] and TG levels [Xi'an: (2.4 +/- 1.3) mmol/L, (1.9 +/- 0.9) mmol/L and (1.6 +/- 0.8) mmol/L, P < 0.01; Shiyan: (2.1 +/- 1.0) mmol/L, (1.9 +/- 0.8) mmol/L and (1.8 +/- 0.7) mmol/L, P = 0.03; Ningbo: (1.9 +/- 1.1) mmol/L, (1.8 +/- 0.9) mmol/L and (1.6 +/- 0.7) mmol/L, across GG, GA to AA genotype, P = 0.05] with dose-dependent relationship. LPL-Hind III (+) carriers had higher triglycerides in three cohort population [Xi'an: (2.2 +/- 1.0) mmol/L, (1.8 +/- 0.9) mmol/L, (1.6 +/- 0.7) mmol/L, P = 0.01; Shiyan: (2.1 +/- 0.7) mmol/L, (1.9 +/- 1.0) mmol/L, (1.7 +/- 0.6) mmol/L, P = 0.01; Ningbo: (1.8 +/- 1.0) mmol/L, (1.6 +/- 0.6) mmol/L and (1.4 +/- 0.5) mmol/L, for +/+, +/- and -/- genotypes, respectively, P = 0.001]. SNP of CETP-Taq1B, LPL-Hind III and LPL-Pvu II predicted HDL-C and/or TG levels in different cohort population with different manners. All these SNP were not significantly associated with the development of coronary artery disease (all P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>A geographical heterogeneity of environmental and genetic risk factors related to the development of coronary artery disease exists in Chinese Han population. Irrespective of the different geographical cohort of Chinese Han population, the SNP of candidate genes can partly predict the differences in risk-related plasma HDL-C and/or TG levels rather than angiographic coronary artery disease.</p>

Infectious Agents, Antibiotics, and Coronary Artery Disease.

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, the major cause of death in the Western world, is a multi-factorial process with a large number of interacting variables. Despite a significant understanding of many of these variables, the underlying causes of atherosclerosis are still not clearly defined. Recent studies have documented a possible association between chronic inflammation and a variety of chronic bacterial infections (including Chlamydia pneumoniae, Helicobacter pylori, and a variety of periodontal infectious agents) and the development or progression of atherosclerosis. Because these bacterial agents are sensitive to a variety of antibiotic agents, it has been proposed that antimicrobial therapy might be useful in the primary or secondary prevention of atherosclerosis. This article reviews the evidence supporting an association between chronic bacterial infection and atherosclerosis, describes the results of preliminary secondary prevention antibiotic treatment trials, and discusses a variety of ongoing and planned large multicenter clinical trials of antibiotics in patients with atherosclerotic heart disease. Potential pitfalls associated with the broad use of antibiotics to treat heart disease are also discussed.