Job satisfaction, performance appraisal, reinforcement and job tasks in medical healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak.

Medical healthcare profession is under immense stress since the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak on global scale, and medical healthcare professionals are enduring occupational challenges which entail frontline and non-frontline duties, appraisal and satisfaction with their job. The present study examined perceived job satisfaction as a mediating variable that affects the relationship between performance appraisal and reinforcement on performing job tasks among medical healthcare professionals during COVID-19. A sample (N = 550) was selected from public and private hospitals' medical healthcare professionals (n = 300 males, and n = 250 females). The results showed that perceived job satisfaction mediates the relationship between performance appraisal and reinforcement on job tasks in medical healthcare professionals. This study could help stakeholders, medical board regulations, mental health practitioners, employers and employees to increment sources which could establish feasible healthcare planning and management. The study has significant implications in mental healthcare, crisis management, human resource planning, effective performance and improvement in well-being of medical workforce's psychological health.

The Development and Psychometric Properties of the Impact of Covid-19 Scale (Ic19-S): A Factor Analysis Approach.

BACKGROUND: Individuals are exhibiting COVID-19 anxiety- related responses including psychological impact besides physiological, social, and economic impacts of COVID-19 which are prevalent across countries and territories. COVID-19 anxiety-related responses include anxiety of coronavirus transmission, fear of foreigners with perceived infection transmissibility, and stress of socioeconomic conditions. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The current study developed and psychometrically validated 37 items Impact of COVID-19 Scale (IC19-S) to assess COVID-19 related factors in to facilitate healthcare planning and management among general public. The IC19-S aims to assess COVID-19 related anxiety and predict the mental health impact of future epidemics or pandemics. RESULTS: The factor analysis yielded a 3 factor solution namely: COVID-19 Psychological Impact - anxiety of transmission and infection (including apprehensions, compulsive acts, posttraumatic impact, and misinformation); COVID-19 Social Impact - fear of foreigners for infection transmission (including disease transmission, xenophobia); and COVID-19 Economic Impact - distress towards the economic conditions (including poverty, unemployment and deflation) for personal and family care. The factors showed that scale had high internal consistency, construct, convergent and discriminant validity and intercorrelation. CONCLUSION: The IC19-S is a consistent and valid tool to measure the impact of COVID-19 on various life aspects in a range of population.