Lymphoprotective effect of perftoran.

Experiments on rats showed that the lymphoprotective effect of Perftoran manifests in stimulation of contractile activity of myocytes in the wall and valve cusps of lymphatic microvessels, which in turn activates the pump and capacitive functions of the lymphatic system and improves central lymph outflow. These changes contribute to an increase in the resorption and transport of cell and tissue metabolites from the interstitial space.

Content of trace elements in the lymph and blood during pyrogenal-induced fever and complete freund's adjuvant-induced low-grade fever.

Experiments on rats showed that complete Freund's adjuvant-induced low-grade fever and pyrogenal-induced fever are accompanied by an increase in the content of Mn, Cu, Zn, and Se in the thoracic duct lymph. Our results indicate that the lymphatic system supplies trace elements to the circulation, which compensates for a deficiency in trace elements and maintains their systemic circulation. The decrease in the content of some trace elements in the blood during fever is probably associated with their excessive consumption (e.g., to maintain the antioxidant defense system). During experimental low-grade fever and pyrogenal-induced fever, the lymphatic system serves as the reservoir for trace elements and plays a role in the regulation of trace element balance in biological fluids.

[Antipyretic system in humans].

The elevation of body temperature during fever reaction and endogenous antipyretic effect reflects the existing balance between 2 components directed to the maximal positive use of the fever effects and simultaneous prevention of their side effects. The mechanisms involved in the control of balance between factors known as the fever triggers and endogenous antipyretic factors. The possible mechanisms of action of various endogenous antipyretic system components (glucocorticoids, neuropeptides, cytokines etc.) capable to regulate the duration and quantity of fever reaction are discussed in this review.

Lymphotropic effect of dimephosphon, mexidol, and ketorolac is realized via activation of the lymphangion and stimulation of lymph formation.

Single parenteral administration of dimephosphon, mexidol, and ketorolac produces a lymphotropic effect. Dimephosphon directly affects the lymph system by increasing the number of functioning lymph capillaries and contractile activity of the walls and valves of small intestinal mesenteric lymphangions in rats, which leads to stimulation of lymph circulation. Mexidol and ketorolac increased only lymph flow rate in the thoracic lymph duct, which attested to their indirect effect of the lymph system (presumably associated with stimulation of lymph formation). Despite these differences in the mechanisms of lymphotropic effect, all these drugs activate lymph drainage and, hence, transporting function of the lymph system.

Effect of dimephosphon on lymph circulation and microcirculation, contractility of the wall and cusps of valves in lymphatic microvessels, and cell composition of the lymph during fever.

Stimulation of lymph circulation and microcirculation and increase in contractile activity of the wall and cusps of valves in lymphatic microvessels are the mechanisms for a therapeutic effect of dimephosphon. These changes improve resorption and transport of tissue and cell metabolites from the interstitial space.

Effect of ketorolac tromethamine on lymph circulation, contractile activity of the lymphangion and lymphatic microvessels, and cellular composition and toxicity of the lymph during fever.

Single parenteral administration of ketorolac tromethamine produced a lymphotropic effect, which was manifested in acceleration of lymph flow in the thoracic duct and increase in contractile activity of the wall and valves in mesenteric lymphatic microvessels of rats with fever. These changes improved lymph circulation.

Lymphotropic effect of mexidol in reactive fever.

Single injection of mexidol (drug with antioxidant and membranotropic effects) to animals with reactive fever produces a multicomponent effect on the lymph circulation. The drug increased the number of functioning lymph capillaries and contractile activity of wall and valvular leaflets in rat small intestinal mesenteric lymphangion, accelerated lymph drainage, thus stimulating lymph formation and lymph flow.

Effect of orthophen on microlymphocirculation during fever reaction.

Orthophen improved lymph flow during fever reaction via stimulation of contractile activity of the wall and valves in mesenteric lymphatic vessels of rat small intestine. These changes constitute the pathogenetic mechanism for the effect of orthophen during fever.

Correction of lipid composition of the lymph and blood during immediate type hypersensitivity.

Combination therapy with hydrocortisone and norepinephrine improved resorption and transport functions of the lymphatic system during anaphylactic shock, which was accompanied by a considerable increase in the contents of total lipids, phospholipids, cholesterol, nonesterified fatty acids, and malonic dialdehyde (lipid peroxidation product) in the lymph and blood. It should be emphasized that lipid concentration in the lymph increased to a greater extent than in the blood.

Possible correction of lymph flow and contractile activity of lymphatic microvessels during febrile response.

In experiments on dogs and rats dimephosphon considerably enhanced contractile activity of walls and valves in lymphatic microvessels, thus accelerating lymph flow and improving exchange between blood and lymph.