Impact of organ confined prostate cancer treatment on quality of life. / Impacto en la calidad de vida del tratamiento del cáncer de próstata organoconfinado.

INTRODUCTION: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common male cancer in the world. Its incidence is estimated to grow to 1.7 million new cases and 499,000 new deaths by 2030. Treatment of OCPC can affect patients physically and mentally, as well as their close relationships and their job or career, which conditions health-related quality of life (QoL). OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the impact on QoL attributable to the treatment for Organ Confined Prostate Cancer (OCPC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prospective multicenter observational study of 406 patients with OCPC treated from January 2015 to June 2018. The sample was divided into four study groups, according to the type of treatment: radical prostatectomy (RP) (GA), external radiotherapy (ERT) (GB), brachytherapy (BT) (GC) and other treatments different from monotherapy with RP, ERT or BT (GD). RESULTS: The age in GC was lower, the mean Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) of all patients was 8.13 ng/ml, the group with the highest mean PSA was GB with a mean of 10.43 ng/dL, the mean Tumor Stage (TNM) was 3.82, and GD had the lowest post treatment quality of life. CONCLUSION: OCPC treatment affects QoL. Curative monotherapies, specifically RP and BT, have less effect on QoL than external radiotherapy or other therapeutic alternatives. Urinary incontinence and fistulas secondary to OCPC have the highest impact on QOL impairment. The internationally validated SF 36 questionnaire is a useful cross-sectional measure of QOL to compare the impact of OCPC treatment modalities.

Comentario editorial a "Estimulación transcutánea del nervio tibial posterior en el tratamiento de la incontinencia urinaria de urgencia refractaria, de origen idiopático y neurogénico" / Comment to: "Transcutaneous stimulation of the posterior tibial nerve for treating refractory urge incontinence of idiopathic and neurogenic origin"

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Inhibidores de la 5-alfa reductasa: nuevas evidencias sobre los beneficios y los daños más allá de la hiperplasia benigna de próstata / 5-alpha reductase inhibitors: New evidences on benefits and harms beyond benign prostatic hiperplasia

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Cognitive function assessment in elderly patients with overactive bladder treated with transdermal oxybutynin. / Evaluación de la función cognitiva en pacientes de edad avanzada con vejiga hiperactiva tratados con oxibutinina transdémica.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Older patients with overactive bladder under antimuscarinic treatment are especially susceptible to cognitive impairment. The aim was to assess short term changes in cognitive function in elderly patients with overactive bladder treated with transdermal oxybutynin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Observational, retrospective, multicentre study in patients with overactive bladder aged 65-80 years undergoing treatment with transdermal oxybutynin. Before and after one month of treatment, cognitive function using the Memory Alteration Test and Clock-Drawing Test, changes in symptoms with validated questionnaires, patient perception of treatment response using Treatment Benefit Scale and treatment adherence with the modified Morisky-Green test, were assessed. RESULTS: From 85 eligible patients, 70 completed the assessment (mean age: 71.4±4.5; BMI: 28.7±3.1kg/m2). No cognitive impairment was observed after one month with transdermal oxybutynin: Memory Alteration Test (+1 point; 95%CI: 0.0-1.5), Clock-Drawing Test (0 points; 95%CI: 0.0-0.0). A statistically significant improvement (P<.001) was observed in all urinary storage symptoms, except stress urinary incontinence. There was an improvement in the Bladder Control Self-Assessment Questionnaire (symptom score: -2.27; 95%CI: -2.8, -1.7; P<.001; bother score: -2.73; 95%CI: -3.3, -2.1; P<.001). 70% of patients reported either a stable or improved bladder condition according to the Patient Perception of Bladder Condition questionnaire. 72.8% of patients reported that their urinary problems had improved or greatly improved with an 84.3% treatment adherence. CONCLUSIONS: No cognitive impairment was observed in elderly patients after one month of treatment with transdermal oxybutynin; urinary urgency symptoms improved and there was adequate treatment adherence.

Novedades e investigación actual en el tratamiento médico de los síntomas del tracto urinario inferior / News and current research in the medical treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms

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Diagnóstico y tratamiento del paciente varón con síntomas del tracto urinario inferior en España - Estudio MERCURY. ¿Seguimos los urólogos las recomendaciones de las guías europeas? / Diagnosis and treatment of male patients with lower urinary tract symptoms in Spain - The MERCURY Study. Do urologists follow the recommendations of the European guidelines?

Objetivos: Conocer el manejo de pacientes varones con síntomas del tracto urinario inferior (STUI) y evaluar el seguimiento de las recomendaciones de las guías de la Asociación Europea de Urología en España. Material y métodos: El estudio MERCURY, epidemiológico y transversal, con 227 unidades de urología participantes en España, evaluó a pacientes varones con STUI mixtos predominantemente de llenado, de los cuales se recogió información sociodemográfica, clínica y de consumo de recursos de los 6 meses anteriores. Adicionalmente, mediante un caso clínico teórico, los investigadores describieron su actitud sobre el manejo de los STUI mixtos con predominio de llenado persistentes tras un tratamiento inicial, en cuanto a pruebas diagnósticas y aproximación terapéutica en la primera y la segunda visita. Las opciones proporcionadas para el manejo de los STUI estaban alineadas con las recomendaciones de la Asociación Europea de Urología. Resultados: Se evaluaron 610 pacientes, de los cuales el 87,7% consumió algún recurso sanitario debido a: visitas al urólogo (79,7%), determinación del PSA (76,6%) y tratamiento con alfabloqueante (37,5%) y alfabloqueante más antimuscarínico (37,2%). En el caso clínico teórico, la actitud del urólogo en la elección de pruebas diagnósticas y tratamiento farmacológico fue principalmente: determinación del PSA (97,7%), tacto rectal (91,4%) y tratamiento con alfabloqueantes en monoterapia (56,6%) en la primera visita; flujometría (48,9%), diario miccional (40,3%) y tratamiento con alfabloqueante más antimuscarínico (70,6%) en la segunda visita. Conclusiones: La actitud de los urólogos en España para el manejo del paciente varón con STUI mixtos predominantemente de llenado se ajusta a las recomendaciones de las guías clínicas europeas

Objectives: To explore the management of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in men in Spain and assess the compliance with recommendations established in the European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines. Material and methods: MERCURY was an epidemiological and cross-sectional study which involved 227 Urology Units across Spain assessing adult male patients with mixed LUTS and persisting storage symptoms. Sociodemographic, clinical and resource use data for the 6 months prior to study inclusion were collected. Additionally, through a theoretical clinical case, clinicians described their attitude toward the diagnostic and therapeutic management of males with mixed LUTS and persisting storage symptoms during the first and second visits. Answer options given to clinicians about LUTS management were aligned with those recommended by EAU guidelines. Result: 610 patients included in the study were evaluated. 87.7% of them consumed some health resource mainly due to: urologist visits (79.7%), PSA determination (76.6%) and treatment with alpha-blockers (37.5%) and alpha-blockers plus antimuscarinics (37.2%). According to the theoretical clinical case, urologists preference toward diagnostic tools and pharmacological treatment in first visit were mainly PSA determination (97.7%), digital rectal examination (91.4%) and treatment with alphablockers as monotherapy (56.6%), whereas in the second visit uroflowmetry (48.9%), voiding diary (40.3%) and treatment with alpha-blockers plus antimuscarinics (70.6%) were mainly preferred. Conclusions: Urologists attitude toward management of male patients with mixed LUTS and persisting storage symptoms is aligned with that recommended in the EAU guidelines

Diagnosis and treatment of male patients with lower urinary tract symptoms in Spain - The MERCURY Study. Do urologists follow the recommendations of the European guidelines? / Diagnóstico y tratamiento del paciente varón con síntomas del tracto urinario inferior en España - Estudio MERCURY. ¿Seguimos los urólogos las recomendaciones de las guías europeas?

OBJECTIVES: To explore the management of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in men in Spain and assess the compliance with recommendations established in the European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines. MATERIAL AND METHODS: MERCURY was an epidemiological and cross-sectional study which involved 227 Urology Units across Spain assessing adult male patients with mixed LUTS and persisting storage symptoms. Sociodemographic, clinical and resource use data for the 6 months prior to study inclusion were collected. Additionally, through a theoretical clinical case, clinicians described their attitude toward the diagnostic and therapeutic management of males with mixed LUTS and persisting storage symptoms during the first and second visits. Answer options given to clinicians about LUTS management were aligned with those recommended by EAU guidelines. RESULT: 610 patients included in the study were evaluated. 87.7% of them consumed some health resource mainly due to: urologist visits (79.7%), PSA determination (76.6%) and treatment with alpha-blockers (37.5%) and alpha-blockers plus antimuscarinics (37.2%). According to the theoretical clinical case, urologists preference toward diagnostic tools and pharmacological treatment in first visit were mainly PSA determination (97.7%), digital rectal examination (91.4%) and treatment with alphablockers as monotherapy (56.6%), whereas in the second visit uroflowmetry (48.9%), voiding diary (40.3%) and treatment with alpha-blockers plus antimuscarinics (70.6%) were mainly preferred. CONCLUSIONS: Urologists attitude toward management of male patients with mixed LUTS and persisting storage symptoms is aligned with that recommended in the EAU guidelines.

[Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the spermatic cord. Presentation of one case and literature revision]. / Histiocitoma fibroso maligno de cordón espermático. Presentación de un caso y revisión de la literatura.

We present a case of malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) of the spermatic cord. An 80-years-old man was admitted to the hospital with a left scrotal mass, related to a genital traumatism several months ago. Under the suspicion of a testicular tumor, left radical orchiectomy was performed. Histological examination of the tumoral mass revealed a malignant fibrous histiocytoma. The tumor was firmly adhered to the spermatic cord. MFH is an extremely rare, highly malignant connective tissue tumor, which may, occasionally, affect the male genital tract. There are no agreed treatment principles. The overall prognosis is poor.

Histiocitoma fibroso maligno de cordón espermático. Presentación de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the spermatic cord. Presentation of one case and literature revision

Presentamos un caso de un histiocitoma fibroso maligno (HFM) de cordón espermático. Un varón de 80 años fue admitido en nuestro hospital con una masa escrotal izquierda, relacionada con un traumatismo genital hacia varios meses. Ante la sospecha de un tumor testicular, se practicó una orquiectomia radical izquierda. El examen histológico de la masa tumoral, reveló un Histiocitoma fibroso maligno. El tumor estaba firmemente adherido al cordón espermático. El HFM es un tumor de alta malignidad derivado del tejido conectivo, el cual puede ocasionalmente, afectar al tracto genital masculino. No hay acuerdo respecto a un tratamiento principal y el pronóstico en general, es pobre (AU)

We present a case of malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) of the spermatic cord. An 80-years old man was admitted to the hospital with a left scrotal mass, related to a genital traumatism several months ago. Under the suspicion of a testicular tumor, left radical orchiectomy was performed. Histological examination of the tumoral mass revealed a malignant fibrous histiocytoma. The tumor was firmly adhered to the spermatic cord. MFH is an extremely rare, highly malignant connective tissue tumor, which may, occasionally, affect the male genital tract. There are no agreed treatment principles. The overall prognosis is poor (AU)

[Vesical hemangioma]. / Hemangioma vesical.

Bladder hemangiomas are mesenquimal tumors, generally benign and of difficult diagnosis, representing only 0.6% primary bladder tumors. Fundamental diagnosis is histological, since imaging test can't differenciate this from other bladder tumors. We present a case of a 60-year-old male who came to our service with macroscopic hematuria. RTU of one blue mass in the bladder was performed and the histological examination showed to be cavernous hemangioma. A review of literature was realized, commenting on the most typical clinical aspects, the diagnostic methods and the last therapeutic techniques in this type of lesions.

[Diagnosis and treatment of urological complications in kidney transplants]. / Diagnóstico y tratamiento de las complicaciones uroógicas del trasplante renal.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the incidence of urological complications, like fistula and stenosis in our series of 282 renal transplants and their management. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between December 1995 and October 2005, 282 adult recipients underwent renal transplant. The most common urological complication was urinary fistula. This complication was observed in 24 cases (8.5%), ureteral stenosis in 18 cases (6.4%) and both of them in 5 (1.7%). The items recorded on these patients included the time to diagnosis, the image technique, the type of ureteral stents and the clinical evolution. RESULTS: Endourologic treatment with percutaneos nefrostomy, double-J catheter and metalic endoprotesis was performed successfully in 76.4% of urinary fistula, in 66.7% of ureteral obstruction and in 60% of patients who developed both of them. CONCLUSION: Endourologic procedures have replaced open reconstructive surgery in most patients with ureteral obstruction or urinary fistula after renal transplant, because they may offer a definitive treatment with low morbidity.

Diagnóstico y tratamiento de las complicaciones urológicas del trasplante renal / Diagnosis and treatment of urological complications in kidney transplants

Objetivo: Analizar la incidencia de las complicaciones urológicas, fístulas y estenosis urinarias, observadas en nuestra serie de 282 trasplantes así como el tratamiento de las mismas. Material y métodos: Entre diciembre de 1995 y octubre de 2005, hemos realizado 282 trasplantes renales. La complicación urológica más frecuente ha sido la fístula urinaria observándose en 24 casos (8,5%), seguida de la estenosis ureteral en 18 casos (6,4%) y en 5 casos se observaron ambas complicaciones. Dentro de los datos recogidos de los pacientes destacamos el tiempo de diagnóstico, las técnicas de imagen empleadas, el tipo de catéter ureteral empleado y la evolución clínica. Resultados: El tratamiento endourológico mediante nefrostomía percutánea, catéter doble J y endoprótesis ha sido eficaz en el 76,4% de las fístulas urinarias, en el 66,7% de las estenosis ureterales y en el 60% de los pacientes que presentaron ambas complicaciones. Conclusión: El tratamiento endourológico ha reemplazado a las técnicas de cirugía abierta en el manejo de la mayoría de las estenosis ureterales y fístulas urinarias post-trasplante renal, al ser un tratamiento definitivo con una baja morbilidad asociada

Objective: To analyze the incidence of urological complications, like fistula and stenosis in our series of 282 renal transplants and their management. Materials and methods: Between December 1995 and October 2005, 282 adult recipients underwent renal transplant .The most common urological complication was urinary fistula. This complication was observed in 24 cases (8.5%), ureteral stenosis in 18 cases (6.4%) and both of them in 5 (1.7%). The items recorded on these patients included the time to diagnosis, the image technique, the type of ureteral stents and the clinical evolution. Results: Endourologic treatment with percutaneos nefrostomy, double-J catheter and metalic endoprotesis was performed successfully in 76.4% of urinary fistula, in 66.7% of ureteral obstruction and in 60% of patients who developed both of them. Conclusion: Endourologic procedures have replaced open reconstructive surgery in most patients with ureteral obstruction or urinary fistula after renal transplant, because they may offer a definitive treatment with low morbidity

[Spermatic cord liposarcoma. Association with prostate cancer. Report of a case and review of literature]. / Liposarcoma de cordón espermático. Asociación con carcinoma de próstata. Comunicación de un caso y revisión de la literatura.

Spermatic Cord Liposarcoma are uncommon soft tissue neoplasm. Association with others tumors is so exceptional. We describe and relation between liposarcoma and prostate cancer in a 66 years old patient who had a left paratesticular tumor with low speed growth and 12 cm of length; nodule in prostate gland was detected. Ecography demostrate an hipoecoic tumor in the spermatic cord; Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) was 1276 ng./ml. and bone gammagraphy reported metastatic lesions. We made an radical orquiectomy and pathological diagnosis including inmunohistoquimical process was sclerosing dedifferenciated liposarcoma. We discuss clinical and pathologic behaviour of this lesions and diagnosis and treatment options.

[Spontaneous hemorrhage and arterial hypertension as complication of Adrenal Pseudocyst. Report of a case]. / Hemorragia espontánea e hipertensión arterial como complicaciones de un pseudoquiste suprarrenal. Presentación de un caso.

Adrenal Pseudocyst are uncommon and asymptomatic tumors. We report an unusual case who had previous high blood pressure and acute hemorrhage presented with abdominal pain and shock. Diagnosis was made with ultrasonography and computed tomography revealed the presence of large retroperitoneal hematoma around the superior pole of the left kidney. Urgent surgery was made with a complete excision of a 10 cm. tumor with preservation of adrenal tissue and the left kidney. Histopathological diagnosis was: Adrenal Pseudocyst. Blood pressure normalized after surgery.

Liposarcoma de cordón espermático. Asociación con carcinoma de próstata. Comunicación de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Spermatic cord liposarcoma. Association with prostate cancer. Report of a case and review of literature

Los liposarcomas de cordón espermático son tumores de origen mesenquimal de presentación muy poco frecuente. La asociación con otros tumores es aun más excepcional. Se presenta un caso clínico de asociación de esta patología con carcinoma de próstata en un paciente de 66 años que consulta por una masa paratesticular izquierda de lento crecimiento con un tamaño aproximado de 12 cm y un nódulo pétreo en próstata; la Ecografía informa de una masa hipoecoica con áreas de menor ecogenicidad que depende del cordón espermático; el Antígeno Prostático Específico (PSA) es de 1276 ng/ml y en la gammagrafía ósea se observan múltiples lesiones metastásicas. La tumoración es resecada realizando una orquiectomía radical y el resultado de anatomía patológica incluyendo pruebas inmunohistoquímicas concluyen liposarcomades diferenciado variedad esclerosante. Se discuten las características generales y anatomopatológicas de estos tumores, así como el diagnóstico y las opciones de tratamiento (AU)

Spermatic Cord Liposarcoma are uncommon soft tissue neoplasm. Association with others tumors is so exceptional. We describe and relation between liposarcoma and prostate cancer in a 66 years old patient who had a left paratesticular tumor with low speed growth and 12 cm of length; nodule in prostate gland was detected. Ecography demostrate an hipoecoic tumor in the spermatic cord; Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) was 1276 ng./ml. and bone gammagraphy reported metastatic lesions. We made an radical orquiectomy and pathological diagnosis including inmunohistoquimical process was sclerosing dedifferenciated liposarcoma. We discuss clinical and pathologic behaviour of this lesions and diagnosis and treatment options (AU)

Hemorragia espontánea e hipertensión arterial como complicaciones de un pseudoquiste suprarrenal. Presentación de un caso / Spontaneous hemorrhage and arterial hypertension as complication of adrenal pseudocyst. Report of a case

Los pseudoquistes suprarrenales son lesiones muy poco frecuentes y asintomáticas. Se describe un caso de presentación inusual caracterizado por hipertensión arterial previa y sangrado agudo espontáneo manifestado por dolor abdominal y shock. El diagnóstico se realizó por medio de Ecografía y Tomografía computarizada, las cuales demostraron la presencia de un hematoma retroperitoneal importante alrededor de una lesión situada en el polo superior del riñón izquierdo. Se realizó intervención quirúrgica de urgencia con resección completa de la lesión de aproximadamente 10 cm. De diámetro preservando parte del tejido suprarrenal y el riñón izquierdo. El diagnóstico anatomopatológico fue: pseudoquiste suprarrenal. Las cifras tensionales se normalizaron después de la cirugía (AU)

Adrenal Pseudocyst are uncommon and asymptomatic tumors. We report an unusual case who had previous high blood pressure and acute hemorrhage presented with abdominal pain and shock. Diagnosis was made with ultrasonography and computed tomography revealed the presence of large retroperitoneal hematoma around the superior pole of the left kidney. Urgent surgery was made with a complete excision of a 10 cm. tumor with preservation of adrenal tissue and the left kidney. Hystopathological diagnosis was: Adrenal Pseudocyst. Blood pressure normalized after surgery (AU)