Ankle distorsion.

INTRODUCTION: Despite enormous number of publications on classifications and treatment of ankle fractures, this problem remains actual till present days. Never the less, the ultimate goal remains the same--anatomically correct position of articular surfaces, painless and stabile ankle joint. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Through prospective study we processed over 50 patients from policlinic data of Orthopedic-Traumatology ward in Cantonal Hospital Zenica. Research lasted over one year and we collected tremendous data from patients which filled in surveys. These data were processed and presented in this study. From collected data we determined statistical incidence of so called "overseen" and poorly treated injuries of lateral ligaments, origin and mechanism of injuries, number of previous injuries of same nature and then compared with data on treatment method, whether conservative or operative. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: We paid special attention and presented findings on age and gender groups that are most involved in ankle injuries. We've confirmed that RTG-Varus stress test is still the method of choice in diagnostics of ankle lateral ligaments injuries. We also determined how treatment duration correlates to time between injury and check in, number of recidivism and most importantly correlation between duration of symptoms and length of immobilization and physical therapy duration. We appeal to our colleagues to approach these injuries with higher level of interest and methodically during diagnosis and therapy because every oversight leads to increased risk of repeated injury, chronic instability of ankle joint, cartilage damage and progression of arthritic joint changes. All of those factors greatly impairs patient's life quality. Competent and quality examination will determine, with more accuracy, degree of injury and set basis for adequate therapy which will not leave any consequences for the patient. That would provide him to continue with normal everyday activaties.

Retrocaecal appendix position--findings during the clasic appendectomy.

INTRODUCTION: Appendicitis is one of the most common diseases that require urgent surgical intervention. Due to its position, the inflamed appendix can cause many complications in abdominal cavity. Most of these complications are based on the anatomical position of the appendix. According to world literature over 65% of the anatomical positions of appendix is retrocaecal position, followed paracaecal and then the other positions of the appendix in different percentages. GOAL: The main goal of this research is to shown that anatomical retrocaecal position of the appendix can lead to prolonged hospitalization and more often occurrence of appendicitis complications. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The research is based on patients who had appendectomy during 2009 at the Cantonal Hospital Zenica and General Hospital Tesanj. The study included approximately 400 respondents and the method of research was of retrospective, descriptive and analytical type. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: According to the results of this research we can conclude that in our country is not devoted enough attention to the anatomic position of the appendix and that we are not using enough diagnostic methods such as ultrasound and CT in determining the anatomic position to help determine the course of the disease. CONCLUSIONS: Retrocaecal appendix position according to the obtained data from this study did not cause many complications in classical appendectomy but this can be attributed to insufficient observation of the anatomical position of the appendix.

Wrist instability after injury.

Fractures of the bones that make the wrist joint together with injury to the ligaments and joint capsules are frequent traumas. It can cause besides limited movement also the pathological mobility. These mild injuries often do not provide the degree of recognizable symptoms and signs. They are diagnosed by X-ray imaging, stress images. Before arthrography was an important method, but nowadays arthroscopy has the advantage. Fresh bone and ligament injuries can be and should be repaired in the early posttraumatic period. Unrecognized and undiagnosed injuries are leading to instability of the wrist, to motion abnormalities or impingement overload syndrome. In the treatment of instability important place have reconstruction of the ligaments and arthrodesis of the wrist.

Way of life as emphasizing factors in the progression of idiophatic scoliosis in adolescence era.

INTRODUCTION: Idiopathic scoliosis is a significant health problem which occurs in 2%-4% school kids in adolescent age. Reasons of occurrence are not quite clear, there are many theories, but probably it is multifactor disease. Among the theories that are mentioned some of them included environmental and behavioral factors. AIM: Research the impact of some environmental and behavioral factor on development and progression of idiopathic scoliosis in school kids. METHODOLOGY: Research was conducted on 421 pupil in adolescent age, where 120 pupils was from urban schools and 301 pupil from rural schools. Environmental factors and habits like the bigger osteomuscular structure mobility at kids from rural schools, longer outdoor time spending, different nutrition, alcoholism and smoking, different obligations, etc. factors which can be cause of scoliosis development. RESULTS: In this research we assumed that different environmental and behavioral factors of school kids, which exist in rural and urban areas, can develop to different expression of scoliosis in these areas. In our research we proved that the scoliosis occurrence is more often in urban areas than in rural (Fisher's exact test P<0.001). CONCLUSION: It is necessary to research all factors of lifestyle individually, which are different between the urban and rural kids.

The experince with anterior minimally invasive hip surgery.

Frontal sinus fractures make up about 2-15% of all facial fractures.This is relatively low frequency of occurrence, but it has a large potential of complication and may involve not only the frontal sinuse but more importantly the brain and the eyes. The management depends of the complexity. If anterior wall is fractured with grossly involved nasofrontal duct (NFD) in the injury it is paramount to occlude NFD. Very often, sinus obliteration is done at the same time. In our expirience autogenous cancellous bone graft is considered to be the best grafting material. It has the less short - or long-term complications and the donor site morbidity is insignificant. KEY

Managment of frontal sinus fracture: obliteration sinus with cancellous bone graft.

Frontal sinus fractures make up about 2-15% of all facial fractures.This is relatively low frequency of occurrence, but it has a large potential of complication and may involve not only the frontal sinuse but more importantly the brain and the eyes. The management depends of the complexity. If anterior wall is fractured with grossly involved nasofrontal duct (NFD) in the injury it is paramount to occlude NFD. Very often, sinus obliteration is done at the same time. In our expirience autogenous cancellous bone graft is considered to be the best grafting material. It has the less short - or long-term complications and the donor site morbidity is insignificant.

Primary suture of amputation wound: pro et contra.

During the First World War and the Second World War more than 80 % of wounded persons had injuries of upper or lower limbs. In the recent war in the Former Yugoslavia the percentage of persons with these injuries was above 80%. Each war is also characterized by the high percentage of wounded persons with amputations of upper or lower extremities. These amputations occurred mostly in the cases of polytrauma. In other cases we faced with severely wounded extremities with an extensive destruction of soft tissues, bones, blood vessels and joints, where the amputation is the only possible intervention to save the patient. In the previous World Wars, the surgeons have tried to shorten the time of treatment and to accept the surgical technique, by the application of primary suture of the wound. During the aggression on Bosnia and Herzegovina we were faced with a large number of wounded persons with amputations i.e. cases where we applied the primary suture. The results were still surprising and in many cases the wounds had primarily healed. The results were better when they were using primary suture on the upper extremities, measured at 61.9 % while the percentage of using the same suture on the lower limbs was of 48.8 %. The results of the war year 1995 were improved in comparison to the percentages listed above. The statistical analysis indicated that early application of the primary suture to the amputation wound was possible and largely successful, but, only when performed under certain conditions.

To classics of Arabic medicine.

The slamic authors of the medical and other works have become very known for West, but under well changed names, as for example Razes for Ar-Razi, Avicenna for Ibn Sina, Alhazen for Ibn Haitham, Avenzoar for Ibn Zuhr, Avveroes for Ibn Rusd etc. Up to those changes in the names has not come at any case come accidentally. This was the result of the religious striving to the cultural worls of the West, and not to speak about the plebs, only the giants are represented wich was imppossible to avoid. It is indusputable the great contribution of the Islamic authors to the development of the biomedical sciences. They not only succeeded to preserve the achievements of the pre Islamic authors, than they by the own researches gave the great contribution to the development of these sciences and their disciplines, and they have overgiven to us as a dowry.

[Variations in position and place of formation of appendix vermiformis found in the course of open appendectomy]. / Varijacije polozaja i mjesta nastanka appendix vermiformis utvrdene tokom klasicne apendektomije.

This paper describes variations of the appendix vermiformis, found in the course of open appendectomy. Investigations involved surgeries performed in 2008 year in the Regional Hospital TeSanj. Variations in the site of formation and position of appendix vermiformis were established. Dominantly, appendix vermiformis is placed in the pelvic position in 57.71% of cases. In the smallest number of cases (2), or 3.07% lateral (paracecal) position was found. Variations of position of ostium appendicis vermiformis were registered as well. Two types of ostium appendicis vermiformis were found: dorso-medial wall of intestinum caecum below ostium ileocaecale (35.39%), dorso-lateral medial wall of intestinum caecum (30.7%) and lower pole of intestinum caecum (64.61%). Results of this research indicate very large variability of appendix vermiformis anatomy, which together with other factors (age, sex, phase in which is patient at the moment of examination) form a clinical picture of the acute appendicitis.

[The Kramer osteotomy in the treatment of hallux valgus]. / Lijecenje Hallux valgusa osteotomijom prve kosti metatarzusa po Krameru.

In 1973. J. Kramer published his own technique for the cure of hallux valgus (Orthopädische Praxis Heft 8/1982, 636-645). He corrects bad position of the first bone of the metatarsus with all the consequences which lie in the basis of the deformation. By osteotomy of the first bone of the metatarsus and re-instates functional equipise of the first foot instep in all the components. Having the experience of 550 operated patients he considered that this method has advantages over numerous described method, indicative range is practically wide, respecting the technique it is simply performed, post-operative cure does not require immobilisation, and in comparison with other methods, complications and bad results are practically unknown. On our ward, in the period between 1984 and 1988, we applied Kramer's osteotomy in 98 cases of hallux valgus. The results were satisfying, considerably better than after other methods of hallux valgus treatment.

Pineal region tumors--neurosurgical review.

The treatment for the pineal region tumors depends on tumor histology. Nowadays, germinomas can be cured by radiotherapy and chemotherapy without surgical resection but the other pineal region tumors should be primary treated by surgery. Two microsurgical approaches, the infratentorial supracerebellar and the occipital transtentorial, are accepted as the main standard accesses to the pineal region. For benign pineal tumors (pineocytoma, meningioma, mature teratomas, symptomatic pineal cysts, etc.) radical surgical resection can be curative. For malignant tumors radical surgical resection is not an objective. Serum and CSF markers contribute to the diagnosis of pineal parenchymal tumors. b-HCG is mainly positive in choriocarcinomas, embryonal carcinomas and mixed germ cell tumors and AFP is expressed by yolk sac tumors, embryonic carcinomas, immature teratomas and mixed germ cell tumors, b-HCG is usually low in germinomas which are often positive for PLAP on immunohistochemistry. Fifty-one pineal region tumors were surgically treated by senior author (NdT). Only 17 of them were the neoplasms originating from pineal body (pineal tumors). In conclusion it can be stressed that management of pineal tumors requires a multidisciplinary cooperation. With the exception of germinoma where only a biopsy is needed, the role of the surgeons still remains prominent as resection of pineal tumors requires high technical skill and experience as well as precise clinical judgment.