Development and growth of bovine calves demi-embryos.

The aim of this study was to investigate the growth and development of animals produced from demi-embryos and compare them with whole embryos from fetus to adult life. To achieve this, calves produced from fresh demi-embryos and whole embryos were individually transferred and monitored from 60 days of pregnancy until slaughter at 550 days. Ultrasound scans were conducted on fetuses at 60 and 90 days to evaluate the biparietal, abdominal, umbilical cord, orbital, and aorta diameters. Subsequently, morphological traits of newborn calves were measured at 0, 7, and 21 days (N = 18). Live weight was recorded at birth, weaning, and every 30 days thereafter until slaughter at 550 days. The growth curve of each group was modeled using logistic regression, and the factors of the respective functions were compared. As early as 60 days of pregnancy, ultrasound evaluations revealed no morphometric differences between fetuses produced from demi-embryos and those from whole embryos. This lack of differentiation persisted in the morphometric evaluations of newborns up to 21 days of age, as well as in live weight and the growth curve from birth to slaughter. Moreover, there were no significant differences between the groups in terms of rib eye area and fat thickness evolution. Consequently, individuals from demi-embryos exhibited no discernible disparities to those whole embryos in growth and development from 60 days of gestation, through birth, and into adulthood.

Buscando el punto crítico de presión arterial sistólica para la oclusión endovascular de la aorta: Análisis mundial de los registros REBOA / Finding the optimal critical threshold value of systolic blood pressure for endovascular aortic occlusion: A worldwide analysis of REBOA databases

Introducción. La presión arterial sistólica puede ser un factor determinante para la toma de decisiones en el manejo de pacientes con trauma severo y hemorragia no compresible del torso. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar el punto óptimo de presión arterial sistólica previo a la oclusión endovascular de aorta asociado con la mortalidad a las 24 horas. Métodos. Se realizó un análisis combinado de dos bases de datos de registro de REBOA, ABO-Trauma Registry y AAST-AORTA, que incluye pacientes de Norte América, Suramérica, Europa, Asia y África. Pacientes sin efecto hemodinámico con el uso del REBOA fueron excluidos. Se describieron las características demográficas, clínicas y de la colocación del REBOA en los pacientes que fallecieron en las primeras 24 horas. Se analizó la asociación entre la presión arterial sistólica previa a la oclusión aortica y la mortalidad a través de modelos de regresión logística y se evaluó el poder predictivo de la presión arterial sistólica en un intervalo entre 60 y 90 mmHg. Resultados. Fueron identificados 871 registros, pero solo 693 pacientes cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. El trauma cerrado se presentó en el 67,2 % de los pacientes y la severidad del trauma tuvo una mediana de ISS de 34 (RIQ: 25-45). La mediana de la presión arterial sistólica previa al REBOA fue de 61 mmHg (RIQ: 46-80). La mortalidad a las 24 horas fue del 34,6 %. La asociación entre la presión arterial sistólica pre-oclusión de la aorta y la mortalidad a las 24 horas tiene una capacidad predictiva de acuerdo con el área bajo la curva ROC para trauma cerrado de 0,64 (IC95% 0,59-0,70) y para trauma penetrante de 0,61 (IC95% 0,53-0,69). Se identificó que la presión arterial sistólica de 70 mmHg se asocia con un aumento por encima del 25 % de la mortalidad a las 24 horas. Discusión. La presión arterial sistólica de 70 mmHg en pacientes con trauma severo y hemorragia no compresible puede ser el punto crítico para la oclusión endovascular de aorta para mejorar la supervivencia de los pacientes, sin importar el mecanismo de trauma. Sin embargo, la presión arterial sistólica debe complementarse con otros factores clínicos para tomar la decisión oportuna

Introduction. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) can be a determining factor for decision-making in the management of patients with severe trauma and non-compressible torso bleeding (NTCH). The objective of this study was to determine the optimal SBP threshold value prior to endovascular occlusion of the aorta associated with 24-hour mortality.Methods. A combined analysis of two REBOA registry databases, ABO-Trauma Registry and AAST-AORTA, was performed, which includes patients from North America, South America, Europe, Asia, and Africa. Patients without hemodynamic effect with the use of REBOA were excluded. Demographic, clinical, and REBOA placement characteristics were described in patients who died in the first 24 hours. The association between SBP prior to aortic occlusion and mortality was analyzed using logistic regression models and the predictive power of SBP was evaluated in an interval between 60 and 90 mmHg.Results. 871 records were identified, but only 693 patients met the inclusion criteria. Blunt trauma occurred in 67.2% of the patients and the severity of the trauma had a median ISS of 34 (IQR: 25-45). The median systolic blood pressure prior to REBOA was 61 mmHg (IQR: 46-80). The 24-hour mortality was 34.6%. The association between systolic blood pressure pre-occlusion of the aorta and mortality at 24 hours has a predictive capacity according to the area under the ROC curve for blunt trauma of 0.64 (95% CI: 0.59-0.70) and for penetrating trauma of 0.61 (95% CI: 0.53-0.69). A systolic blood pressure of 70 mmHg was found to be associated with an increase of over 25% in mortality at 24 hours. Discussion. SBP of 70 mmHg in patients with severe trauma and non-compressible hemorrhage may be the critical point for endovascular aortic occlusion to improve patient survival, regardless of the mechanism of trauma. However, systolic blood pressure must be supplemented with other clinical factors to make the timely decision

High level expression of bioactive recombinant human growth hormone in the milk of a cloned transgenic cow.

Transgenic farm animals have been proposed as an alternative to current bioreactors for large scale production of biopharmaceuticals. However, the efficiency of both methods in the production of the same protein has not yet been established. Here we report the production of recombinant human growth hormone (hGH) in the milk of a cloned transgenic cow at levels of up to 5 g l(-1). The hormone is identical to that currently produced by expression in E. coli. In addition, the hematological and somatometric parameters of the cloned transgenic cow are within the normal range for the breed and it is fertile and capable of producing normal offspring. These results demonstrate that transgenic cattle can be used as a cost-effective alternative for the production of this hormone.