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1.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 91(5): 335-341, nov. 2008. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-501813

ABSTRACT

FUNDAMENTO: Os pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca (IC) que necessitam ser hospitalizados para compensação constituem grupo de maior gravidade, que evoluem com alta mortalidade e alta taxa de re-hospitalizações. OBJETIVO: Procuramos avaliar a atual história natural da IC por meio da taxa de mortalidade e de re-hospitalizações, nessa nova era do bloqueio neuro-hormonal. MÉTODOS: Acompanhamos a evolução de 263 pacientes com FE média de 27,1 por cento, internados para compensação, entre janeiro de 2005 e outubro de 2006. Foram hospitalizados somente os pacientes que após avaliação e medicação no PS não estavam em condições de ter alta. Os pacientes encontravam-se em CF III/IV, a idade média foi de 59,9±15,2 anos, a maioria homens e 63,1 por cento necessitaram de inotrópicos para compensação na fase aguda. RESULTADOS: O tempo médio de internação foi de 25,1±16,7 dias. Durante a internação 23 (8,8 por cento) morreram. Após a alta, no período médio de seguimento de 370 dias, dos 240 que tiveram alta, 123 (51,2 por cento) procuraram o PS de 1 a 12 vezes (total de passagens: 350), sendo 76 re-internados, sendo a média de dias da re-hospitalização de 23,5±18,0. No primeiro ano de seguimento 62 (25,8 por cento) pacientes morreram. CONCLUSÃO: A IC continua evoluindo com alta mortalidade e alta taxa de re-hospitalização. Ao final do primeiro ano 44,5 por cento desses pacientes não necessitaram passar no PS ou morreram, números que indicam que devemos continuar dando grande atenção aos portadores de IC, na tentativa de mudar a história natural dos portadores dessa síndrome, cada vez mais freqüente.


BACKGROUND: Patients who require hospitalization because of decompensated HF represent a group of the most seriously ill individuals who evolve with high mortality and hospital readmission rates. OBJECTIVES: We sought to evaluate the current natural course of HF by analyzing mortality and readmission rates in this new era of neurohormonal blockage. METHODS: We followed the progress of 263 patients with a mean EF of 27.1 percent, admitted for decompensated HF between January 2005 and October 2006. Patients readmitted were only those whose health status precluded discharge after assessment and drug treatment in the Emergency Department. Patients were classified as HF-FC III/IV, mean age was 59.9±15.2 years, most were men, and 63.1 percent required inotropic drugs for cardiac compensation in the acute phase. RESULTS: Average hospital stay was 25.1±16.7 days. During hospitalization, 23 (8.8 percent) patients died. After discharge, over an average follow-up period of 370 days, of the 240 patients who were discharged 123 (51.2 percent) returned to the Emergency Department 1 to 12 times (total number of visits: 350); 76 of them were readmitted, and the average length of readmission stay was 23.5±18.0 days. Over the first year of follow-up, 62 (25.8 percent) patients died. CONCLUSIONS: HF remains a condition associated with high mortality and high hospital readmission rates. At the end of the first year, 44.5 percent of these patients had not needed to visit the ER or had died, which indicates that we should provide HF patients with the best possible care in an attempt to change the natural course of this increasingly frequent syndrome.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Heart Failure/mortality , Patient Readmission/statistics & numerical data , Brazil/epidemiology , Epidemiologic Methods , Hospital Mortality , Length of Stay/statistics & numerical data , Patient Discharge/statistics & numerical data , Time Factors , Young Adult
2.
Arq Bras Cardiol ; 91(5): 335-41, 2008 Nov.
Article in English, Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19142379

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Patients who require hospitalization because of decompensated HF represent a group of the most seriously ill individuals who evolve with high mortality and hospital readmission rates. OBJECTIVES: We sought to evaluate the current natural course of HF by analyzing mortality and readmission rates in this new era of neurohormonal blockage. METHODS: We followed the progress of 263 patients with a mean EF of 27.1%, admitted for decompensated HF between January 2005 and October 2006. Patients readmitted were only those whose health status precluded discharge after assessment and drug treatment in the Emergency Department. Patients were classified as HF-FC III/IV, mean age was 59.9+/-15.2 years, most were men, and 63.1% required inotropic drugs for cardiac compensation in the acute phase. RESULTS: Average hospital stay was 25.1+/-16.7 days. During hospitalization, 23 (8.8%) patients died. After discharge, over an average follow-up period of 370 days, of the 240 patients who were discharged 123 (51.2%) returned to the Emergency Department 1 to 12 times (total number of visits: 350); 76 of them were readmitted, and the average length of readmission stay was 23.5+/-18.0 days. Over the first year of follow-up, 62 (25.8%) patients died. CONCLUSIONS: HF remains a condition associated with high mortality and high hospital readmission rates. At the end of the first year, 44.5% of these patients had not needed to visit the ER or had died, which indicates that we should provide HF patients with the best possible care in an attempt to change the natural course of this increasingly frequent syndrome.


Subject(s)
Heart Failure/mortality , Patient Readmission/statistics & numerical data , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Brazil/epidemiology , Epidemiologic Methods , Female , Hospital Mortality , Humans , Length of Stay/statistics & numerical data , Male , Middle Aged , Patient Discharge/statistics & numerical data , Time Factors , Young Adult
3.
Arq Bras Cardiol ; 87(2): 178-84, 2006 Aug.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16951837

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Develop a method for the evaluation of patients nutritional status through a score that expresses universal nutritional status, as well as investigate if that score would be efficient for the prognostic stratification of advanced heart failure (HF) pts. METHODS: The score was reached by the selection of evaluation methods that would quantify nutritional status: ideal body weight percentage, thickness of tricipital skinfold, percentiles for arm muscular mass circumference, albumin serum level, lymphocyte total count. In order to be validated, the score was applied to a group of 95 pts. Pts were under 65 years old no evidence of consumptive diseases. The score was analyzed to confirm whether it would keep correlation with HF clinical data and whether it would stratify its prognostic. RESULTS: Nutritional status suggesting moderate or severe malnutrition could be observed in 31/95 (32.6%). No correlation was found between nutritional score values and the duration of symptoms, or the level of ventricular dysfunction. Pts with high nutritional score showed a trend towards higher mortality rate (p=0.0606). CONCLUSION: Those data suggest malnutrition is reported by 1/3 of pts with advanced HF. A score comprising 5 parameters for nutritional status showed good correlation with the clinical, global evaluation of pts with HF. A score over 8 identified pts with higher probability of death as outcome, confirming that pts under higher malnutrition exhibit worse evolution.


Subject(s)
Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/physiopathology , Heart Failure/physiopathology , Malnutrition/diagnosis , Nutrition Assessment , Nutritional Status , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Malnutrition/etiology , Middle Aged , Prognosis , Time Factors , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/physiopathology
4.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 87(2): 178-184, ago. 2006. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-434006

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Desenvolver método de avaliação do estado nutricional do paciente através de escore que expresse o estado nutricional de maneira universal e verificar se esse escore seria eficaz na estratificação prognóstica de pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca (IC) avançada. MÉTODOS: Para compor o escore foram selecionados métodos de avaliação que procurassem quantificar forma de medida do estado nutricional: a porcentagem ideal do peso, a espessura da prega tricipital, os percentis da circunferência da massa muscular do braço, os níveis séricos de albumina, a contagem global de linfócitos. Para validá-lo, aplicou-se o escore num grupo de 95 pacientes com idade inferior a 65 anos, sem evidências de doenças consumptivas e analisou-se se esse escore manteria correlação com os dados clínicos da IC e permitiria estratificar o prognóstico. RESULTADOS: A situação nutricional esteve alterada nos pacientes e escore elevado sugerindo desnutrição moderada ou intensa foi observado em 31/95 (32,6 por cento) dos casos. Não houve correlação entre os valores do escore nutricional, duração dos sintomas e grau de disfunção ventricular. Os pacientes com escore nutricional elevado apresentaram tendência de maior mortalidade (p=0,0606). CONCLUSÕES: Os dados sugerem que a desnutrição atinge cerca de 1/3 dos pacientes com IC avançada. Um escore que englobou cinco parâmetros de avaliação nutricional teve boa correlação com a avaliação clínica e permitiu avaliar globalmente a desnutrição de portadores de IC. Escore superior a 8 identificou pacientes com maior probabilidade de morrer, confirmando que pacientes mais desnutridos têm pior evolução.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/physiopathology , Heart Failure/physiopathology , Malnutrition/diagnosis , Nutrition Assessment , Nutritional Status , Malnutrition/etiology , Prognosis , Time Factors , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/physiopathology
5.
Arq Bras Cardiol ; 84(6): 480-5, 2005 Jun.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16007314

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the nutritional repercussion in heart failure and its relations with left ventricular dysfunction and mortality. METHODS: A series of nutritional parameters in a group of 95 patients with advanced chronic heart failure, arising out of dilated cardiomyopathy and age < 65 years old, without concomitant diseases was studied. The duration of symptons, final diastolic diameter and left ventricular ejection fraction were verified. The nutritional assessment, included the ideal percentage of weight the triceps skin fold thickness, percentiles of circumference of muscular mass of the arm, the albumin serum levels and the lymphocytes global count. RESULTS: The nutritional situation was alterated in 45.3% to 94.7% of the patients in accordance to the assessment parameter used. There was neither correlation between the nutritional parameters and the length of symptoms, nor with the ventricular dysfunction level. That group of patients had a homogenous evolution, and 75.8% of them died in an average time of 21.86 weeks. The left ventricular diastolic diameter and ejection fraction did not allow for the prediction of survival. A diminished body mass identified a group with higher risk of death. The ideal percentage of the body mass was predictive of survival (p=0.0352), the patients with less than 80% of ideal weight had a higher relative risk of death of 1.99 (1.12-3.02) (p=0.0132). CONCLUSION: Malnutrition is frequent in patients with advanced heart failure and dilated cardiomyopathy. The reduced body mass was a better predictor of survival than the left ventricular ejection fraction in patients under advanced stage of myocardial compromising.


Subject(s)
Heart Failure/physiopathology , Nutrition Assessment , Nutritional Status , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/physiopathology , Adolescent , Adult , Anthropometry , Chronic Disease , Female , Heart Failure/etiology , Heart Failure/mortality , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prognosis , Survival Analysis , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/complications , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/mortality
6.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 84(6): 480-485, jun. 2005. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-420010

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Analisar a repercussão nutricional na insuficiência cardíaca e suas relacões com a disfuncão ventricular esquerda e a mortalidade. MÉTODOS: Estudou-se uma série de parâmetros nutricionais num grupo de 95 pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca crônica avancada decorrente de cardiomiopatia dilatada e idade < 65 anos, sem evidências de doencas concomitantes. Foram verificados a duracão dos sintomas, o diâmetro diastólico final e a fracão de ejecão do ventrículo esquerdo. A avaliacão nutricional incluiu a percentagem ideal do peso, a espessura da prega tricipital, os percentis da circunferência da massa muscular do braco, os níveis séricos de albumina e a contagem global dos linfócitos. RESULTADOS: A situacão nutricional esteve alterada em 45,3 por cento a 94,7 por cento dos pacientes conforme o parâmetro da avaliacão empregado. Não houve correlacão entre os parâmetros nutricionais e a duracão dos sintomas, nem com o grau de disfuncão ventricular. Este grupo de pacientes teve uma evolucão homogênea e 75,8 por cento dos pacientes faleceram num tempo médio de 21,86 semanas. O diâmetro diastólico e a fracão de ejecão do ventrículo esquerdo não permitiram predizer a sobrevida. Uma massa corpórea diminuída identificou um grupo com maior risco de morte. A percentagem ideal do peso corpóreo foi preditiva da sobrevida (p=0,0352), os pacientes com menos de 80 por cento do peso ideal tiveram um risco relativo maior de morte de 1,99 (1,12-3,02) (p=0,0132). CONCLUSAO: A desnutricão é freqüente nos pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca avancada e cardiomiopatia dilatada. A massa corpórea reduzida foi melhor preditor de sobrevida do que a fracão de ejecão do ventrículo esquerdo, nos pacientes em fase avancada de comprometimento miocárdico.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Female , Heart Failure , Nutrition Assessment , Nutritional Status , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/physiopathology , Anthropometry , Chronic Disease , Heart Failure , Prognosis , Survival Analysis , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/complications , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/mortality
7.
Arq Bras Cardiol ; 84(2): 161-6, 2005 Feb.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15761641

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To study the major clinical characteristics of patients with heart failure who survived more than 24 months after hospitalization for compensation. METHODS: The study comprised 126 patients with heart failure in functional class III or IV, with a mean age of 51.7 years. Most patients were men (73%), had a mean ejection fraction (EF) of 0.36 and left ventricular diastolic diameter (DD) of 7.13 cm. The major clinical and laboratory characteristics were assessed, and, on follow-up, 25 (19.8%) patients, who survived more than 24 months after hospital discharge, were identified. Data of survivors (G1) were compared with those of patients who died (G2) before 24 months. RESULTS: In G1, the following levels were greater: serum sodium (138.3+/-3.4 vs 134.5+/-5.8 mEq/L; P=0.001); blood pressure levels (120.0 vs 96.7 mm Hg; P=0.003); and LVEF levels (0.40+/-0.08 vs 0.34+/-0.09; P=0.004); and the following levels were lower: urea (59.8 vs 76.3 mg/dL; P=0.007); prothrombin time (12.9 vs 14.8 seconds; P=0.001); LVDD (6.78+/-0.55 vs 7.22+/-0.91; P=0.003); and LA diameter (4.77 vs 4.99 cm; P=0.0003). More survivors were found among patients with idiopathic cardiomyopathy and arterial hypertension than among patients with Chagas' disease and coronary artery disease. In multivariate analysis, the following variables remained as independent predictors of mortality: LVDD > 7.8 cm (HR 1.95); Na < 132 mEq/L (HR 2.30); and prothrombin time > 14 seconds (HR 1.69). CONCLUSION: The study allowed predicting which patients with heart failure will have a good survival after hospital discharge and those with a greater chance of a long survival after discharge.


Subject(s)
Heart Failure/mortality , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Biomarkers/blood , Disease-Free Survival , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Heart Failure/blood , Heart Failure/physiopathology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Regression Analysis , Severity of Illness Index , Survivors
8.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 84(2): 161-166, fev. 2005. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-393675

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Estudar as principais características clínicas dos pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca sobreviventes há mais de 24 meses após hospitalização para compensação. MÉTODOS: Estudados 126 pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca, em classe funcional III ou IV, com idade média de 51,7 anos, a maioria homens (73 por cento), com fração de ejeção (FE) média de 0,36 e diâmetro diastólico (DD) do VE de 7,13 cm. Avaliaram-se as principais características clínicas e laboratoriais e no seguimento identificaram-se 25 (19.8 por cento) pacientes que sobreviveram mais de 24 meses após a alta hospitalar. Compararam-se os dados dos sobreviventes (G1) aos dos que faleceram (G2) antes de 24 meses. RESULTADOS: No G1 encontraram-se níveis mais elevados do sódio sérico (138,3±3,4 vs 134,5±5,8 mEq/l; p=0,001), da pressão arterial (120,0 vs 96,7 mmHg; p=0,003) e da FE do VE (0,40±0,08 vs 0,34±0,09; p=0,004) e valores menores da uréia (59,8 vs 76,3 mg/dl; p=0,007), do tempo de protrombina (12,9 vs 14,8s; p=0,001), do DDVE (6,78±0,55 vs 7,22±0,91; p=0,003) e do diâmetro do AE (4,77 vs 4,99cm; p=0,0003). Houve mais sobreviventes entre os portadores de cardiomiopatia idiopática e hipertensiva do que entre os chagásicos e doença coronariana. Na análise multivariada permaneceram como variáveis preditoras independentes da mortalidade o DDVE > 7,8 cm (HR 1,95), o Na < 132 mEq/l (HR 2,30) e o tempo de protrombina > 14 seg (HR 1,69). CONCLUSÃO: O estudo permite predizer quais os pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca que poderão apresentar uma boa sobrevida após a alta e os com maior possibilidade de longa sobrevivência após a alta.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Heart Failure/mortality , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Biomarkers/blood , Disease-Free Survival , Follow-Up Studies , Heart Failure/blood , Heart Failure/physiopathology , Regression Analysis , Severity of Illness Index , Survivors
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