ABSTRACT
The structure of L-ornithine hydrochloride, C(5)H(13)N(2)O2+Cl(-), has been redetermined at 100 K by single-crystal X-ray diffraction within a project that aims to generate accurate bond-distance restraints for the invariom refinement of proteins. The high-resolution data were subject to an invariom and a multipole refinement, and the resulting electron densities on a grid were compared. Improvements in the conventional R factor obtained by multipole modelling were smaller than in other structures containing solely the elements CHNO owing to Cl core scattering. Cruickshank's diffraction-component precision index and Stevens & Coppens suitability factor are discussed.
Subject(s)
Ornithine/chemistry , Crystallography, X-Ray , Models, Chemical , Molecular Structure , Static Electricity , StereoisomerismABSTRACT
Severe closed traction lesions to the adult brachial plexus are caused by high energy transfer injuries, in which injuries to other systems are common. Of the 149 patients urgently operated on for lesions of the brachial plexus between 1 June 1997 and 1999, 18 (12%) suffered significant injury to the spinal column. Accurate diagnosis of the spinal injury was made in 13 cases of these before transfer to our unit.The injury to the spine was not necessarily a contraindication to urgent exploration of the brachial plexus.
Subject(s)
Brachial Plexus/injuries , Cervical Vertebrae/injuries , Spinal Injuries/epidemiology , Thoracic Vertebrae/injuries , Adolescent , Adult , Brachial Plexus/diagnostic imaging , Cervical Vertebrae/diagnostic imaging , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Radiography , Spinal Injuries/diagnostic imagingABSTRACT
The outcome of 260 repairs of the radial and posterior interosseous nerves, graded by Seddon's modification of the Medical Research Council Special Committee's system, was analysed according to four patterns of injury; open 'tidy', open 'untidy', closed traction, and those associated with injury to the axillary or brachial artery. We studied the effect on the outcome of delay in effecting repair and of the length of the defect in the nerve trunk. Of the 242 repairs of the radial nerve we found that 30% had good results and 28% fair; 42% of the repairs had failed. The violence of injury was the most important factor in determining the outcome. Of the open 'tidy' repairs, 79% achieved a good or fair result, and 36% of cases with arterial injury also reached this level. Most repairs failed when the defect in the nerve trunk exceeded 10 cm. When the repairs were carried out within 14 days of injury, 49% achieved a good result; only 28% of later repairs did so. All repairs undertaken after 12 months failed. Of the 18 repairs of the posterior interosseous nerve, 16 achieved a good result.
Subject(s)
Arm Injuries/surgery , Microsurgery , Peripheral Nerve Injuries , Radial Nerve/injuries , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Axillary Artery/injuries , Axillary Artery/surgery , Brachial Artery/injuries , Brachial Artery/surgery , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Peripheral Nerves/surgery , Radial Nerve/surgery , Wounds, Nonpenetrating/etiology , Wounds, Nonpenetrating/surgery , Wounds, Penetrating/etiology , Wounds, Penetrating/surgeryABSTRACT
We have analysed the results of repair of traumatic lesions of the musculocutaneous nerve in 85 patients, which were graded by Seddon's modification of the Medical Research Council system into three types of injury: open 'tidy', open 'untidy' and closed 'traction'. They were also correlated with associated arterial injury. There were 57 good, 17 fair and 11 poor results. The type of injury was the most important factor in determining the result; 12 of 13 open-tidy lesions gave good results compared with 30 of 48 closed-traction lesions. The results were better when the nerves were repaired within 14 days of injury and when grafts were less than 10 cm long. They were worse in the presence of associated arterial or bony injury.
Subject(s)
Musculocutaneous Nerve/injuries , Musculocutaneous Nerve/surgery , Adolescent , Adult , Arteries/injuries , Chi-Square Distribution , Child , Child, Preschool , Forearm/innervation , Forearm/physiopathology , Humans , Injury Severity Score , Middle Aged , Multiple Trauma/complications , Musculocutaneous Nerve/anatomy & histology , Musculocutaneous Nerve/physiology , Nerve Regeneration , Prospective Studies , Range of Motion, Articular , Reoperation , Replantation , Suture Techniques , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome , Wounds and Injuries/classification , Wounds and Injuries/etiology , Wounds and Injuries/physiopathology , Wounds and Injuries/surgeryABSTRACT
Two cases of posttraumatic irreducible compound dislocation of the interphalangeal joint of the thumb are presented. This rare injury requires surgical intervention with anatomic repositioning of the structures responsible for the irreducibility viz. the long Flexor tendon and the volar plate.
Subject(s)
Joint Dislocations/diagnostic imaging , Joint Dislocations/surgery , Thumb/injuries , Accidental Falls , Adult , Biomechanical Phenomena , Humans , Joint Dislocations/etiology , Male , Manipulation, Orthopedic , RadiographyABSTRACT
A variety of teeth and bone specimens have been scanned using the constant statistics tomographic scanner developed at the London Hospital Medical College. Each data set has been reconstructed with several Hamming filters, and for a geometric resolution ranging from 20 to 50 micrometers. The reconstructions have been studied using the approximate error formula for the convolution backprojection algorithm. Some inferences are made on the relative structure of the cross sections.
