The Impact of Cancer Stem Cells in Colorectal Cancer.

Despite incessant research, colorectal cancer (CRC) is still one of the most common causes of fatality in both men and women worldwide. Over time, advancements in medical treatments have notably enhanced the survival rates of patients with colorectal cancer. Managing metastatic CRC involves a complex tradeoff between the potential benefits and adverse effects of treatment, considering factors like disease progression, treatment toxicity, drug resistance, and the overall impact on the patient's quality of life. An increasing body of evidence highlights the significance of the cancer stem cell (CSC) concept, proposing that CSCs occupy a central role in triggering cancer. CSCs have been a focal point of extensive research in a variety of cancer types, including CRC. Colorectal cancer stem cells (CCSCs) play a crucial role in tumor initiation, metastasis, and therapy resistance, making them potential treatment targets. Various methods exist for isolating CCSCs, and understanding the mechanisms of drug resistance associated with them is crucial. This paper offers an overview of the current body of research pertaining to the comprehension of CSCs in colorectal cancer.

Aggressive Male Breast Cancer-Clinical and Therapeutic Aspects Correlated with the Histopathological Examination: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Breast cancer is often seen as a disease that occurs in women, but it can also appear in men in a very small percentage, below 1%. Men have a minimal amount of breast tissue compared to women, which has the potential to become malignant in a similar way to women, although much less frequently. A patient presented with advanced local invasion due to the low amount of breast tissue, with the tumor quickly invading the adjacent structures. Histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations have an extremely important role in the pathology of breast cancer. Given that male breast cancer is rare and there are not enough surgeons specializing in breast surgery in our country, there is a lack of experience in the management and early diagnosis of this type of cancer, which will be highlighted in this article.

Spinal cord infarction caused by extensive aortic intramural hematoma.

We report the case of a 62-year-old Caucasian man, an ex-smoker, who presented to the emergency room complaining of intense lower back pain followed by immediate bilateral loss of inferior limbs motor function. Clinical examination showed complete paralysis and paranesthesia in both legs, while pain and temperature sensory examination revealed a sensory level at dermatome T6, with normal touch, vibration, and position senses. His blood pressure was 190∕100 mmHg. Computed tomography demonstrated dilated thoracic aorta (maximum diameter 44 mm) and abdominal aorta (maximum 58 mm), with extended intramural hematoma (IMH), thus establishing the diagnosis of type A aortic IMH complicated with paraplegia through spinal perfusion deficit. Due to the extension of the lesions, surgical intervention for aortic repair was considered at high risk while cerebrospinal fluid drainage was not recommended by the neurologist. The patient remained stable while hospitalized and was released from the hospital with mild improvement of neurological deficiencies.

Spermatic vein aneurysm: a report of a unique case and review of the literature.

A spermatic vessel aneurysm is a rare entity, described only a few times in the literature. In most cases, it is caused by trauma or inflammation and appears as a painful mass in the scrotum or the inguinal area. We present a case of a 22-year-old man who came to our Surgical Department with a painful, palpable mass in the right inguinal area. A spermatic vein aneurysm was diagnosed with the use of ultrasonography and it was surgically excised. The findings were confirmed by pathological examination. The patient is well, four months after surgery. A spermatic vessel aneurysm, though rare, should always be included in the differential diagnosis of a scrotal or inguinal mass. The lesion can be cured by surgical resection.