ABSTRACT
RESEARCH QUESTION: What is the profile of women in the USA who become surrogates, and what is their power of decision and motivations? DESIGN: This quantitative study was performed with 231 participants in the USA, given the country's long history of surrogacy, to help clarify the profile of women who become surrogates, their power of decision and motivations. RESULTS: Descriptive and multivariate cluster analyses showed that women who become surrogates earn above the average income for their state of residency, have a high level of education, have health insurance, are employed, and decide to become a surrogate for prosocial/altruistic reasons. CONCLUSIONS: In contrast to the premise of both radical feminism and ultra-conservative Catholicism, this study found that altruism and empathy are the primary motivations for participating in surrogacy processes, and that a woman's decision to become a surrogate is not motivated by social conditioning relating to poverty or social status.
Subject(s)
Motivation , Surrogate Mothers , Humans , Female , Surrogate Mothers/psychology , United States , Adult , Altruism , Pregnancy , Decision Making , Socioeconomic Factors , Middle Aged , Sociodemographic FactorsABSTRACT
Suicide, as the ultimate expression of suicidal ideation, has accompanied human beings throughout history within specific social and cultural contexts. However, in recent decades the increase in suicides, especially in developed countries after the Second Demographic Transition and the rise of postmaterialist values, has been increasing in the youth population. This study is created from a quantitative perspective and aims to determine the predictors of suicidal ideation in university students in Spain. The fieldwork was carried out in a large sample of Spanish universities over several weeks in 2022, with the participation of hundreds of university students (n = 1472). The predictors of suicidal ideation were gender, types of social relationships, history of bullying, health status, taking antidepressant medication, increased anxiety after COVID-19, economic difficulties in continuing studies, and perspective on their future. The results highlight the need for the greater involvement of universities by establishing programs for preventing, detecting, and treating suicidal ideation, always in coordination with health systems to prevent further suicides in their university community.
ABSTRACT
Se presentan las posibilidades que tiene la mediación en respuesta a la gestión de la conflictividad individual, familiar y social que tienen los enfermos en situación terminal o avanzada. La utilización de técnicas de resolución de conflictos es necesaria en enfermedades avanzadas para implementar la comunicación entre familiares y profesionales para llegar a acuerdos en la toma de decisiones al final de la vida. Las personas que participan generalmente consiguen reducir el coste emocional y la probabilidad de litigio desaparece aumentando la calidad del cuidado. El abordaje de las cuestiones relacionadas con los cuidados prolongados, a través de un proceso de mediación, ayuda a que se respeten los valores de todas las partes interesadas; pretende proporcionar calidad a estos momentos. El mediador transforma la formulación del problema en las partes enfrentadas, separando a la persona del problema. Este cambio consigue que sea más manejable, lo que permite la gestión positiva de los conflictos que se presentan al respetar a las personas involucradas. La nueva percepción del problema se construye desde el reconocimiento a las personas frente al problema, que se puede afrontar con la lógica de lograr un acuerdo que beneficie a todos. La mediación ayuda a centrarse en los intereses comunes que muestran las personas en la toma de decisiones desde criterios objetivos, que beneficien a las familias que afrontan el final de la vida de su ser querido. Este logro favorece el diálogo y el respeto por las decisiones tomadas
The possibilities of mediation are presented in response to the management of the individual, family and social conflicts that patients in a terminal or advanced situation may have. The use of conflict resolution techniques is necessary in advanced diseases to implement communication between family members and professionals in order to reach agreements in decision making at the end of life. People who participate generally manage to reduce the emotional cost, and the probability of litigation disappears by increasing the quality of care. Addressing issues related to prolonged care through a mediation process helps to respect the values of all the stakeholders involved, and aims to provide quality at this time. The mediator transforms the formulation of the problem among the opposing parties, separating the person from the problem. This change makes the problem more manageable, which allows a positive management of the conflicts that arise when respecting the people involved. The new perception of the problem is built from the recognition of people facing the problem, which can be faced with the logic of reaching an agreement that benefits everyone. Mediation helps to focus on the common interests that people show in decision-making, based on objective criteria that benefit families facing the end of their loved one's life. This achievement favors dialogue and respect for the decisions made
Subject(s)
Humans , Negotiating/methods , Decision Making/ethics , Clinical Decision-Making/ethics , Hospice Care/standards , Chronic Disease/psychology , Negotiating/psychology , Family Relations/psychologyABSTRACT
Mediation can approximate opposing positions and reach agreements that offer viable solutions for the problems posed by parties. The favorable results, the statements of the professionals and the welfare of the parties who participate in it are some of the reasons for its growth. Its fields of action are diverse, creating a space where the protagonists solve their problems and transform their relationships without having to resort to lengthy and costly legal processes to reach valid agreements. Mediation allows to dejudicialize health care and improve the relationships that are created in all its services. Its implantation in health organizations will favor a more humanized attention by eliminating conflicts, thus elevating the quality and degree of well-being of all the professionals who participate.
Subject(s)
Humans , Negotiating , Delivery of Health CareABSTRACT
Mediation can approximate opposing positions and reach agreements that offer viable solutions for the problems posed by parties. The favorable results, the statements of the professionals and the welfare of the parties who participate in it are some of the reasons for its growth. Its fields of action are diverse, creating a space where the protagonists solve their problems and transform their relationships without having to resort to lengthy and costly legal processes to reach valid agreements. Mediation allows to dejudicialize health care and improve the relationships that are created in all its services. Its implantation in health organizations will favor a more humanized attention by eliminating conflicts, thus elevating the quality and degree of well-being of all the professionals who participate.
Subject(s)
Delivery of Health Care , Negotiating , HumansABSTRACT
Resumen Introducción. El emprendimiento social está unido al Trabajo Social desde sus orígenes como respuesta creativa a las situaciones de malestar. El Objetivo es mostrar los resultados sobre la percepción que el alumnado tiene sobre la empatía, la creatividad y el emprendimiento social en Trabajo Social, así como las sinergias que se producen entre ellas, para empoderar el emprendimiento social como competencia transversal en los estudiantes del grado de Trabajo Social de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid durante el curso 2016/2017. Materiales y métodos. Se realizaron cuatro grupos de discusión con 33 alumnos de cuarto curso del grado de Trabajo Social con una media de edad de 22 años. El análisis de discurso se realizó con Nvivo©11, a partir de 8 preguntas relacionadas con cuatro dimensiones: empatía, creatividad, emprendimiento social y Trabajo Social. Resultados. La percepción que tiene el alumnado sobre el emprendimiento social en Trabajo Social es que es necesario, lo unen a la creatividad y la empatía como habilidades sociales claves que diferencian al Trabajo Social del resto de profesiones. Conclusiones. El emprendimiento social como competencia general que se ha de visualizar en las asignaturas específicas del grado de Trabajo Social. Así mismo, el aprendizaje del emprendimiento social en Trabajo Social ha de estar reforzado por la investigación en el área de intervención, que va a contribuir a la creación de alternativas reales de apertura e inclusión profesional; mejorándose el posicionamiento de Trabajo Social como disciplina académica y profesional.
Abstract Introduction: Social entrepreneurship is linked to social work from its origins as a creative response to situations of discomfort. Objective: Show the results of the perception that students have about empathy, creativity and social entrepreneurship in Social Work, as well as the synergies that occur among them, to empower social entrepreneurship as a transversal competence in students of fourth year of the Social Work degree at the Complutense University of Madrid during the 2016/2017 academic year. Materials and methods: Four discussion groups were held; the average age of the 33 participants is 22 years. The analysis was conducted with Nvivo © 11, from 8 questions related to four dimensions: empathy, creativity, social entrepreneurship and social work. Results: The perception of students about social entrepreneurship in social work is necessary and is intimately linked to creativity and empathy as key social skills that differentiate social work from the rest. Conclusions: Social entrepreneurship is a competence to be visualized in specific social work subjects, enhanced by applied research and its transformation into real alternatives for creation and professional inclusion, thus improving the positioning of social work as an academic and professional discipline.
Resumo Introdução. O empreendedorismo social está unido ao Serviço Social desde as suas origens como resposta criativa às situações preocupantes. O objetivo é mostrar os resultados sobre a percepção que os alunos tem sob a empatia, a criatividade e o empreendedorismo social no Serviço Social, assim como as sinergias que se produzem entre elas, para empoderar o empreendedorismo social como competência transversal nos estudantes do ensino superior do Serviço Social da Universidade Complutense de Madri durante o curso2016/2017. Materiais e métodos. Realizaram-se quatro turmas de discussão com 33 alunos do quarto curso do ensino superior do Serviço Social com uma média de idade de 22 anos. A análise do discurso realizou-se com Nvivo© 11, a partir de 8 perguntas relacionadas com quatro dimensões: empatia, criatividade, empreendedorismo social e Serviço Social. Resultados. A percepção que tem os alunos sob o empreendedorismo social no Serviço Social é necessário e está ligado à criatividade e a empatia como habilidades sociais chaves que diferenciam ao Serviço Social do resto das profissões. Conclusões. O empreendedorismo social como competência geral a ser visualizada nas áreas específicas do ensino superior do Serviço Social. Igualmente, o aprendido do empreendedorismo social no Serviço Social terá de estar reforçado pela pesquisa na área de intervenção, que vai contribuir à criação de alternativas reais de apertura e inclusão profissional; se melhorando no posicionamento do Serviço Social como disciplina académica e profissional.