ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Granular cell tumors (GCT) are highly vascularized and adherent to adjacent structures, and so, complete resection represents a challenge. Adjuvant therapy decisions for residual GCTs currently relies on individual clinician decisions due to a paucity of systematic literature data. We present a comprehensive analysis about the impact of adjuvant therapy in reported cases of patients with incomplete GCT resection. METHODS: One database (PubMed) and crossed references were queried for GCT with incomplete resection or biopsy from 1962 to 2020. Literature review was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines. Also, two patients with residual GCT from our institutions are added to the analysis. Data regarding clinical presentation, surgical approach, use of adjuvant therapy, Ki-67 labeling, and follow up assessments were extracted and analyzed from selected publications. RESULTS: Thirty-three studies met the predetermined inclusion criteria and 53 patients were selected (including our two reported cases). The median of age was 49 [IQR, 39-60 years], with a slight male predominance (1.2:1). Among the surgical procedures, seven (13%) were biopsies alone. Adjuvant therapy was used in 18 patients (radiotherapy, 94.5%; chemotherapy, 5.5%) but there is no statistical correlation with adjuvant therapy and the progression of the remnant tumor (p = 0.33). Our institutions' patients did not receive adjuvant therapy and did not show tumor progression on MRI. CONCLUSION: Our systematic literature review suggests there is a limited role for chemo and/or radiotherapy in the management of incomplete GCT resection. It may be reasonable recommending close clinical follow up in patients with incomplete resection.
Subject(s)
Granular Cell Tumor/surgery , Pituitary Neoplasms/surgery , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , PubMedABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Hemangiomas are benign blood vessels tumors that represent less than 1% of all the bone neoplasms. Calvarial hemangiomas are mainly solitary lesions commonly located in the frontal and parietal bone; however, they may occur in any skull region. These tumors increase in size over a period of months to years before they start showing their first symptoms such as headache, bone deformity, and pathological fractures. Differential diagnosis with osteosarcoma should be considered. Surgical resection with a safety margin is a standard treatment of the cranial hemangioma. Furthermore, radiotherapy has proven to stop the tumor's growth but not its size. CASE DESCRIPTION: We treated an 11-year-old male who had a rare case of a capillary hemangioma located in the clivus bone. The patient underwent 2 endoscopic endonasal resection because of tumor recurrence. Surgical safety margins are highly recommended, but this procedure could not be performed because of the tumor's location. After the second relapse, the oncology team decided to initiate radiotherapy. At 6-month follow-up, the tumor reduced its size and remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical safety margins are highly important to prevent recurrence in this type of bone tumors. Skull base hemangiomas are a big challenge when you want to achieve these safety margins. We believe that a combined treatment of surgery and radiotherapy should be considered as the main treatment.
Subject(s)
Cranial Fossa, Posterior/diagnostic imaging , Cranial Fossa, Posterior/pathology , Hemangioma/diagnosis , Hemangioma/pathology , Skull Base Neoplasms/diagnosis , Skull Base Neoplasms/pathology , Child , Cranial Fossa, Posterior/blood supply , Diagnosis, Differential , Humans , Male , Osteosarcoma/diagnosis , Osteosarcoma/pathology , Skull Base Neoplasms/blood supplyABSTRACT
Introducción: Describir detalladamente paso a paso la resección de un craneofaringioma por vía endoscópica endonasal en un paciente pediátrico, con el fin de guiar a neurocirujanos en formación. Materiales y métodos: Se describe detalladamente la técnica endoscópica endonasal transesfenoidal para la resección de un tumor de estirpe craneofaringioma adamantinomatoso en un paciente masculino de 3 años de edad con la variante de seno esfenoidal tipo conchal. Resultados: Se logró resección total de un craneofaringioma en paciente pediátrico mediante abordaje endoscópico endonasal. Se respetaron las estructuras vasculares circundantes y se pudo prevenir la fístula de líquido cefalorraquídeo con la utilización del flap nasoseptal. Conclusión: El abordaje endoscópico endonasal transesfenoidal ofrece una exposición amplia de la región selar y supraselar permitiendo una excelente resección de los craneofaringiomas en pacientes pediátricos. Consideramos de importancia la curva de aprendizaje para lograr una resección máxima sin agregar comorbilidades al paciente.
Objective: To give a detailed description, step by step, of endoscopic endonasal resection for craniopharyngioma in a pediatric patient. This manuscript was made to teach neurosurgeons in their former years. Methods: Detailed description with intraoperative images from a complete resection of adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma in a 3 years-old patient with a conchal variant sphenoid sinus. Results: We achieved a gross total resection of a craniopharyngioma in a pediatric patient by endoscopic endonasal approach. We preserve the surrounding vascular structures with no comorbidities. Cerebrospinal leak was prevented by using the nasoseptal flap covering the sphenoid defect. Conclusion: The endoscopic endonasal approach offers a wide exposure of the selar and supraselar región. This allowed us a great possibility for complete resection in selar and supraselar craniopharyngiomas in pediatric population. We consider that maximal resection should be balanced with a good learning curve to avoid comorbidities.
Subject(s)
Craniopharyngioma , Pediatrics , EndoscopyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The epidermoid cyst as a pineal region tumor is an infrequent pathology and with few descriptions in literature. Its prevalence in the third ventricle is 0,0042% of all intracranial tumors. To achieve a complete exéresis we used an endoscopic supracerebellar-infratentorial approach, surgical technique for pineal region approach. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this work is to show the surgical technique of this novel approach for the treatment of a very infrequent disease. METHODS: 16 years old male patient with history of diabetes insipidus and chronic headaches (m-RS 1). Brain MRI showed a lesion with hyperintensity in T2WI and hypointensity in T1WI. It presents peripheral enhancement with gadolinium and restricted diffusion pattern in DWI. The pituitary stalk also showed enhancement with contrast. Germ cell tumor was a possible diagnosis but tumor cell markers were negative in CSF samples. We decided to make the purely endoscopic approach to the region to make a biopsy and a possible resection. Intraoperative pathology result informed an epidermoid tumor, so we continued with the complete exeresis of the tumor. RESULTS: We achieved a complete resection of a third ventricle epidermoid cyst with a purely endoscopic supracerebellar-infratentorial approach and a skull base rigid endoscope in a 16 years old male patient. The patient has recovered without any sequelae, headaches free but persistence of diabetes insipidus (m-RS 1).Conclusion: The purely endoscopic supracerebellar-infratentorial approach is a safe option to the surgical management of third ventricle pathologies, in this case, an epydermoid cyst.
ABSTRACT
Introducción: Las complicaciones postoperatorias secundarias al compromiso inadvertido de una arteria normal durante el clipado de aneurismas son situaciones que pueden resultar catastróficas tanto para el paciente como para el neurocirujano tratante. El terreno de la neurocirugía vascular continúa siendo un desafío para la neuroendoscopia, sin embargo, al momento de realizar el control del clipado puede llegar a ser un elemento sumamente útil para evitar dichas complicaciones. Objetivos: El Objetivo del Trabajo es la presentación de un clipado de aneurisma coroideo anterior asistido mediante endoscopia. Materiales y métodos: Paciente femenina de 23 años que presenta hemorragia subaracnoidea (Fisher 2 y Hunt-Hess 2) secundaria a rotura de aneurisma comunicante anterior (ACA). En angiografía digital cerebral se evidencia a su vez aneurisma coroideo anterior derecho (ACoA). Mediante abordaje pterional derecho se realiza clipado microquirúrgico de ambos aneurismas. Para realizar revisión del clip en ACoA se utiliza endoscopio rígido de base de cráneo (0° y 45°). Se evidencia compromiso de arteria coroidea anterior por lo cual se realiza recolocación del mismo mediante guía endoscópica. Resultados: Se realizó clipado microquirúrgico asistido por endoscopia de ACA y ACoA. La paciente curso postoperatorio con vasoespasmo prolongado y tercer par derecho incompleto (ptosis y midriasis). Actualmente persiste solo la midriasis, resto del examen neurológico sin particularidades. Conclusión: El uso del endoscopio para control y asistencia durante el clipado microquirúrgico es una herramienta sumamente útil que permite realizar una revisión cercana y adecuada de la posición del clip.
Background: Surgical complications secondary to undetected clipping of a main or perforator artery next to an aneurysm can lead to a catastrophic event for both the patient and vascular neurosurgeon. Neuro-endoscopy is difficult during vascular neurosurgery; however, for surgeons desiring a multi-modality check of vessels to ensure the patency of important arteries, endoscopy could be a very useful tool. Objective: The aim of the present report is to describe our results with endoscopy-assisted anterior choroidal aneurysm clipping in a single patient. Results: A 23-year-old female presented with a subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH, Fisher 2, Hunt-Hess 2) secondary to a ruptured anterior communicating aneurysm (ACA). Digital angiography revealed an unruptured right anterior choroidal aneurysm (AChA). Surgical clipping via a right pterional approach was accomplished for both aneurysms. Clip position in the AChA was evaluated with a rigid skull-base endoscope (0° and 45°). It revealed accidental compromise of the AChA, so the clip was replaced under endoscopic guidance. Post-operatively, the patient experienced late vasospasm and a partial right third nerve palsy, manifested as ptosis and mydriasis. Currently, only the right mydriasis persists. Conclusions: In one patient with a SAH caused by a ruptured anterior communicating aneurysm, successful endoscopic-assisted surgical clipping of both the ruptured aneurism and an unruptured right anterior choroidal aneurysm was achieved.
