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1.
Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci ; 250(4): 169-74, 2000.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11009069

ABSTRACT

A number of studies employing in vivo phosphorous-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) have demonstrated altered measurements of frontal phospholipid and high energy phosphorus metabolism in schizophrenia. Enlargement of both the cerebroventricular system and the cortical sulci also has been reported as the most consistent pathological finding in schizophrenia by several investigators. To our knowledge, however, only two studies have simultaneously examined structural and functional aspects of the biological substrate of schizophrenia in the same patients. Moreover, they may have failed to find a significant correlation between these variables because of small sample sizes. The possible relationship between frontal lobe membrane phospholipid metabolism and ventricle-to-brain ratio (VBR) in patients with schizophrenia was investigated. In 31 schizophrenic patients, frontal lobe membrane phospholipid metabolism was measured by 31P-MRS, and VBR was measured by computed tomography (CT). Stepwise multiple regression analysis disclosed that VBR positively correlated only with increased phosphodiester (PDE) level (beta = 0.381, p = 0.0345), but with no other metabolites. This finding may provide evidence for an association between structural brain abnormality and altered frontal lobe membrane metabolism in schizophrenic patients, although the p-value of the finding is not high.


Subject(s)
Cerebral Ventricles/abnormalities , Frontal Lobe/metabolism , Phospholipids/metabolism , Schizophrenia/metabolism , Adolescent , Adult , Antipsychotic Agents/administration & dosage , Antipsychotic Agents/therapeutic use , Cell Membrane/metabolism , Child , Chlorpromazine/administration & dosage , Chlorpromazine/therapeutic use , Drug Administration Schedule , Female , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Male , Middle Aged , Phosphorus Isotopes , Schizophrenia/drug therapy , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
2.
Psychol Med ; 30(1): 107-15, 2000 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10722181

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Previous 31P-MRS (magnetic resonance spectroscopy) studies suggested altered brain energy metabolism in bipolar disorder. This study characterized brain energy metabolism in lithium-resistant bipolar disorder using the photic-stimulation paradigm. METHODS: Subjects were 19 patients with DSM-IV bipolar disorder (nine responders and 10 nonresponders, 13 with bipolar I and six with bipolar II) in the euthymic state and 25 healthy volunteers. Energy metabolism in the occipital region was examined by 31P-MRS during photic stimulation (PS). Six 31P-MR spectra were obtained, one was before PS (Pre), two during 12 min of PS (PS1, PS2), and three after the PS (Post 1, Post 2, Post 3). RESULTS: Significant effect of diagnosis (lithium-responsive bipolar disorder, lithium-resistant bipolar disorder, and control) was found for the phosphocreatine peak area ratio during the course of the photic stimulation (P < 0.05 by repeated measures ANOVA). The phosphocreatine peak area ratio was significantly decreased at Post 1 and Post 2 compared with Pre in lithium-resistant bipolar patients (P = 0.01 and P = 0.01 by Dunnett's multiple comparison). CONCLUSIONS: The finding that phosphocreatine decreased after photic stimulation may be compatible with mitochondrial dysfunction. It is possible that mitochondrial function is impaired in lithium-resistant bipolar disorder.


Subject(s)
Antimanic Agents/pharmacology , Bipolar Disorder/drug therapy , Brain/metabolism , Lithium Carbonate/pharmacology , Adult , Bipolar Disorder/diagnosis , Bipolar Disorder/metabolism , Drug Resistance , Female , Humans , Light , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Male , Middle Aged , Phosphocreatine/metabolism , Phosphorus Isotopes , Photic Stimulation
3.
Psychiatry Clin Neurosci ; 53(2): 199-201, 1999 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10459688

ABSTRACT

Sleep deprivation (SD) has an antidepressant effect in some, but not all, patients with depression, although its biological mechanisms have not yet been characterized. We previously reported altered brain phosphorus metabolism measured by phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) in patients with bipolar depression. We preliminarily examined effects of SD on phosphorus metabolism in the frontal lobes of 15 normal subjects using 31P-MRS. No significant differences of membrane phospholipid metabolism, high-energy phosphate metabolism and intracellular pH were found between before and after SD in these subjects. Further studies will be necessary to elucidate the physiological mechanism of SD for depressive patients.


Subject(s)
Circadian Rhythm/physiology , Frontal Lobe/physiopathology , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Phosphorus/metabolism , Sleep Deprivation/physiology , Adolescent , Adult , Bipolar Disorder/physiopathology , Depressive Disorder/physiopathology , Humans , Male , Membrane Lipids/metabolism , Phosphates/metabolism , Phosphocreatine/metabolism , Phospholipids/metabolism , Reference Values
4.
Neuropsychobiology ; 39(4): 214-8, 1999 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10343187

ABSTRACT

To search for a possible relationship between brain energy metabolism and mental fatiguability, 10 normal volunteers were examined by 31P-MRS (phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy) in the occipital cortex during photic stimulation (PS), and Uchida-Kraepelin test (UKT), a standardized serial calculation task, was used for measurement of intraindividual characteristics of mental fatigue in these subjects. More decrease of phosphocreatine measured by 31P-MRS during the PS was significantly associated with more effects of rest assessed by UKT (r = -0.86, p <0.005). More decrease in pH after PS was associated with steeper decline of performance (r = 0.78, p <0.01). These findings suggest that characteristics of brain energy metabolism in an individual may relate to intrinsic patterns of mental fatigability.


Subject(s)
Brain Chemistry/physiology , Energy Metabolism/physiology , Mental Fatigue/metabolism , Adult , Female , Humans , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Male , Occipital Lobe/metabolism , Phosphocreatine/metabolism , Phosphorus Isotopes , Photic Stimulation , Psychomotor Performance
5.
Brain Res ; 818(1): 72-6, 1999 Feb 06.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9914439

ABSTRACT

Effects of photic stimulation (PS) on energy metabolism were examined in the occipital cortex of 25 healthy volunteers aged 23-69 years old using phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS). A significant effect of photic stimulation was found only for intracellular pH (p<0.05 by repeated measures analysis of variance) but not for any peak area ratios. An interaction between intracellular pH and age were statistically significant (p<0.005), and the interaction between phosphocreatine and age was close to significance (p=0.06). In subjects aged more than 40 years old, phosphocreatine was significantly decreased during the photic stimulation (p<0.05, multiple comparison by Dunnett's method), and intracellular pH tended to be elevated just after the stimulation (p=0.07). There were no significant changes in these values in younger subjects. These results suggest that no significant effect of photic stimulation on brain energy metabolism was found in younger subjects, and that significant effects of photic stimulation on intracellular pH and phosphocreatine were found in middle-aged subjects. Metabolic response of the human brain to photic stimulation may be dependent on age.


Subject(s)
Aging/metabolism , Brain/metabolism , Phosphorus/metabolism , Adult , Aged , Energy Metabolism/physiology , Female , Humans , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods , Male , Membrane Lipids/metabolism , Middle Aged , Phosphocreatine/metabolism , Photic Stimulation
6.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9561353

ABSTRACT

Proton magnetic resonance spectra were recorded from a subcortical region containing the basal ganglia in 40 patients with affective disorders (18 with bipolar disorder and 22 with major depression) and in 20 normal controls. The absolute concentration of the choline-containing compounds (Cho) in the patients with bipolar disorder in the depressive state was significantly higher than that in the normal controls. The patients with bipolar disorder had significantly higher levels of the Cho/creatine + phosphocreatine (Cr) and Cho/N-acetly-1-aspartate (NAA) peak ratio compared with the normal controls in both the depressive and euthymic states, with a tendency to higher levels in the depressive state. The Cho/NAA peak ratio was also significantly higher in the patients with major depression compared with the normal controls. These results suggest that the membrane phospholipid metabolism in the basal ganglia is altered in affective disorders.


Subject(s)
Basal Ganglia/metabolism , Mood Disorders/metabolism , Adult , Aspartic Acid/analogs & derivatives , Aspartic Acid/metabolism , Basal Ganglia/pathology , Bipolar Disorder/metabolism , Choline/metabolism , Creatine/metabolism , Depressive Disorder/metabolism , Female , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Male , Middle Aged , Mood Disorders/physiopathology , Phosphocreatine/metabolism
7.
J Neurol Sci ; 155(2): 182-5, 1998 Mar 05.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9562264

ABSTRACT

We examined brain energy metabolism by phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) in the occipital cortex in a mother and a daughter with MELAS (mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes) during photic stimulation. The peak area ratio of phosphocreatine markedly decreased during photic stimulation, and subsequently increased after the stimulation. This method, photic stimulation-31P-MRS, may be useful in assessing brain energy metabolism in neurological diseases.


Subject(s)
Brain/metabolism , Energy Metabolism/physiology , MELAS Syndrome/metabolism , Adult , Female , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Middle Aged , Phosphates/metabolism , Phosphocreatine/metabolism , Phosphorus Isotopes , Photic Stimulation
8.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9928909

ABSTRACT

The authors have previously reported decreased intracellular pH (pHi) in the frontal lobes in euthymic bipolar patients treated with lithium using 31P-MRS. White matter hyperintensity (WMHI) is frequently seen in bipolar disorder. To examine a possible effect of lithium on pHi and the relationship between pHi and WMHI, seven drug-free euthymic bipolar patients were examined, and T2-weighted MRI were examined in 14 previously reported bipolar patients. Drug-free patients showed significantly lower pHi than controls. WMHI was associated with low pHi and increased phosphodiester peak. These results suggest that decrease of pHi is not an effect of lithium but is instead related to the pathophysiology of illness. Decrease of pHi and increase of the PDE peak may be the biochemical basis of WMHI in bipolar disorder.


Subject(s)
Bipolar Disorder/metabolism , Bipolar Disorder/pathology , Brain Chemistry/physiology , Brain/pathology , Adult , Aged , Antimanic Agents/therapeutic use , Female , Humans , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Lithium/therapeutic use , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Male , Middle Aged , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales
9.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9194152

ABSTRACT

1. Brain phosphorus metabolism was examined using phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy in 4 patients with anorexia nervosa. 2. In 4 patients examined before treatment, phosphodiester (PDE) peak area was significantly higher than that in 13 normal females. 3. In 6 data points in 4 patients, lower levels of PME were associated with malnutrition reflected by endocrinological abnormalities. 4. These data suggest that severe malnutrition in patients with anorexia nervosa may result in abnormality in membrane phospholipid metabolism, which might be responsible for brain atrophy in anorexia nervosa.


Subject(s)
Anorexia Nervosa/physiopathology , Brain/metabolism , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Phosphorus/metabolism , Adult , Female , Humans
10.
Psychiatry Res ; 76(2-3): 113-22, 1997 Dec 30.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9522403

ABSTRACT

We investigated the differences among diagnostic types of 36 schizophrenic patients in the brain phosphorus metabolism in the frontal lobe. We performed phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) in the frontal region in patients with schizophrenia of the catatonic (n = 4), disorganized (n = 8), paranoid (n = 10) and undifferentiated (n = 14) types. In the disorganized type, the PME level was significantly decreased compared to those in the other three types, while the phosphodiester (PDE) level tended to be higher, although not significantly, than those in the other types. Using multiple regression analysis, we investigated whether or not the clinical symptoms were correlated with the brain phosphorus metabolism. An increased motor retardation factor score was significantly correlated with decreased PME level, whereas more severe emotional withdrawal and blunted affect were associated with increased PDE level. These results suggest that altered membrane phospholipid metabolism in the frontal region may be associated with negative symptoms and that schizophrenia of the disorganized type is associated with more severe negative symptoms and may present more severe brain abnormalities compared to the other types.


Subject(s)
Frontal Lobe/metabolism , Phosphorus/metabolism , Schizophrenia/metabolism , Adolescent , Adult , Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale , Female , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Male , Middle Aged , Regression Analysis , Schizophrenia/diagnosis , Schizophrenic Psychology
11.
Schizophr Res ; 22(1): 19-26, 1996 Oct 18.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8908687

ABSTRACT

To examine metabolic changes in the left basal ganglia in chronic schizophrenia, we performed proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) in 21 medicated schizophrenic patients and 21 gender and age-matched normal controls. Compared to the normal subjects, the schizophrenic patients showed a significantly increased level of choline containing compounds (Cho) (t = 2.60, p < 0.05) and ratio of Cho to N-acetylaspartate (NAA) (t = 2.46, p < 0.05) in the left basal ganglia. No significant correlation was observed between the 1H-MRS measurements in the left basal ganglia and clinical symptom scores as evaluated using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). The chlorpromazine equivalent neuroleptic dosage was positively correlated with the level of NAA (r = 0.38, p < 0.05) and negatively correlated with the Cho/NAA ratio (r = -0.34, p < 0.05). These findings suggest that these changes in metabolites in the left basal ganglia may reflect some of the functional and morphological abnormalities reported previously for the brain in schizophrenia.


Subject(s)
Basal Ganglia/metabolism , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Schizophrenia/metabolism , Adolescent , Adult , Aspartic Acid/analogs & derivatives , Aspartic Acid/metabolism , Choline/metabolism , Creatine/metabolism , Educational Status , Female , Functional Laterality , Humans , Male , Middle Aged
12.
Biol Psychiatry ; 40(8): 785-93, 1996 Oct 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8894072

ABSTRACT

Using phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS), we analyzed the brain phosphorous metabolism in 18 patients with panic disorder (PD) and in 18 sex-, age-, and handedness-matched normal controls (NC). All patients were receiving ongoing drug treatments for PD. The evaluation of phosphorous metabolism in the whole frontal lobes revealed no significant differences between the patients and controls in 31P metabolite levels, although the PD patients showed slightly decreased inorganic phosphate (Pi) concentration of the frontal lobes. Moreover, we found a significant asymmetry (left > right) of phosphocreatine (PCr) concentration in the frontal lobes in the patients with PD, suggesting that abnormalities of phosphorous metabolism are present in the frontal lobes of PD patients. Two patients in whom a limited panic episode occurred during measurements showed frontal lobe intracellular pH higher than that in the other patients and that in the NC, suggesting respiratory gaseous alkalosis due to hyperventilation in the anxiety state. 31P-MRS has potential for application in the assessment of brain abnormalities and anxiety state, such as that accompanied by hyperventilation, in PD patients.


Subject(s)
Energy Metabolism/physiology , Frontal Lobe/physiopathology , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Panic Disorder/physiopathology , Phosphates/metabolism , Adolescent , Adult , Arousal/physiology , Brain Mapping , Dominance, Cerebral/physiology , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Phosphocreatine/metabolism , Reference Values
13.
J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci ; 8(4): 417-22, 1996.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9116478

ABSTRACT

Effect of photic stimulation (PS) on energy metabolism in the human occipital cortex was examined by using phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy in 9 normal subjects. Phosphocreatine (PCr)/total phosphorus signal peak area ratio significantly decreased from 12.3% to 10.9% during the 12 minutes of PS (P < 0.05). PCr once returned to a normal level after PS (11.9%) but significantly decreased again 12-18 minutes after PS (10.8%; P < 0.05). Intracellular pH increased from 7.08 to 7.16 during PS, although this increase was not significant. These results suggest that functional alteration of energy metabolism in the brain is different from that in muscles.


Subject(s)
Brain/metabolism , Energy Metabolism , Photic Stimulation , Adult , Bipolar Disorder/metabolism , Female , Humans , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Male , Middle Aged , Phosphocreatine/metabolism , Schizophrenia/metabolism
14.
J Psychiatry Neurosci ; 21(4): 248-54, 1996 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8754593

ABSTRACT

Choline-containing compounds (Cho) were examined by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) in the left subcortical region, including basal ganglia, in 19 euthymic patients with bipolar disorder and 19 age-matched normal controls. Ten of the patients were treated with lithium; the remaining 9 were not treated with lithium for at least 30 d. The Cho to creatine + phosphocreatine (Cr) peak ratio in the bipolar patients (0.75 +/- 0.38 [mean +/- SD]) was higher than that in the normal controls (0.52 +/- 0.26, P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the Cho:Cr peak ratio between patients treated with lithium (0.63 +/- 0.36) and without lithium (0.89 +/- 0.35). These results do not support the hypothesis that lithium increases the brain choline-containing compounds, but rather imply that membrane breakdown may occur in the basal ganglia of patients with bipolar disorder.


Subject(s)
Basal Ganglia/chemistry , Basal Ganglia/metabolism , Bipolar Disorder/metabolism , Choline/analysis , Adult , Antimanic Agents/therapeutic use , Basal Ganglia/pathology , Bipolar Disorder/drug therapy , Bipolar Disorder/pathology , Female , Humans , Lithium Chloride/therapeutic use , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Male
15.
Psychol Med ; 26(2): 431-4, 1996 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8685300

ABSTRACT

The incidence of cavum septum pellucidum (CSP), which has been widely regarded as a developmental anomaly of little clinical importance in neuropathology, was examined in 113 patients with affective disorders (69 with bipolar disorder and 44 with major depression), 40 schizophrenic patients, and 92 control subjects by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Significantly higher incidence of Grade 3-4 CSP (moderate to large) compared with the controls was found only in the schizophrenics. When a broader interpretation of CSP, including indeterminant (Grade 1) and small (Grade 2) CSP was used, three additional patients with bipolar disorder were found to have Grade 1-2 CSP, and the total prevalence of Grade 1-4 CSP in the patients with bipolar disorder was significantly higher than that in the control subjects but slightly lower than that in the schizophrenic patients. CSP was not observed in any patient with major depression. There were no differences between the patients with and without CSP in age, sex, education, or the duration of illness. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that neurodevelopmental abnormality may be present in schizophrenia, and such an abnormality may also be present in some patients with bipolar disorder.


Subject(s)
Bipolar Disorder/diagnosis , Depressive Disorder/diagnosis , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Neurocognitive Disorders/diagnosis , Schizophrenia/diagnosis , Septum Pellucidum/abnormalities , Adult , Aged , Bipolar Disorder/psychology , Depressive Disorder/psychology , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Neurocognitive Disorders/psychology , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Schizophrenic Psychology , Septum Pellucidum/pathology
16.
Acta Psychiatr Scand ; 93(2): 80-6, 1996 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8686487

ABSTRACT

Using cluster analysis of 207 patients with panic disorder (PD), we investigated the relationships between several panic symptoms at the time of panic attacks, which included anticipatory anxiety, agoraphobia, and 13 clinical symptoms based on the Diagnostic and Statistics Manual-III-Revised. Cluster analysis revealed three panic symptom clusters: cluster A (dyspnea, choking, sweating, nausea, flushes/chills); cluster B (dizziness, palpitations, trembling or shaking, depersonalization, agoraphobia, and anticipatory anxiety); and cluster C (fear of dying, fear of going crazy, paresthesias, and chest pain or discomfort). Generally, cluster A was comprised exclusively of physiological symptoms, among which respiratory symptoms were prominent, cluster B included both panic and non-panic symptoms such as agoraphobia and anticipatory anxiety, and cluster C was comprised chiefly of fear symptoms.


Subject(s)
Agoraphobia/diagnosis , Panic Disorder/diagnosis , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales/statistics & numerical data , Somatoform Disorders/diagnosis , Adult , Agoraphobia/classification , Agoraphobia/psychology , Anxiety Disorders/classification , Anxiety Disorders/diagnosis , Anxiety Disorders/psychology , Arousal , Cluster Analysis , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Fear , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Panic Disorder/classification , Panic Disorder/psychology , Somatoform Disorders/classification , Somatoform Disorders/psychology
17.
Psychiatry Res ; 61(3): 151-60, 1995 Sep 29.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8545499

ABSTRACT

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (one-dimensional chemical shift imaging) was used to measure membrane phospholipid metabolism and high-energy phosphate metabolism in the left and right frontal lobes of 27 schizophrenic patients. In the schizophrenic patients, the phosphomonoester peak area was decreased in bilateral frontal lobes compared with that in age-matched normal subjects. On the other hand, the peak area of beta-adenosine triphosphate was increased in the left frontal lobe in the schizophrenic group. The phosphocreatine peak area was increased in the left frontal lobe of schizophrenic patients with high scores on the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS).


Subject(s)
Dominance, Cerebral/physiology , Energy Metabolism/physiology , Frontal Lobe/physiopathology , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Organophosphates/metabolism , Phosphates/metabolism , Schizophrenia/physiopathology , Schizophrenic Psychology , Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism , Adolescent , Adult , Brain Mapping , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Phosphocreatine/metabolism , Phospholipids/metabolism , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Schizophrenia/diagnosis
18.
Psychol Med ; 25(3): 557-66, 1995 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7480436

ABSTRACT

High energy phosphate metabolites were measured using phase-encoded in vivo phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) in both the left and right frontal lobes of 25 patients with bipolar disorder. Eleven patients were examined in the depressive state, 12 in the manic state, and 21 in the euthymic state. Twenty-one age-matched normal volunteers were also examined. The phosphocreatine (PCr) peak area percentage in the left frontal lobe in the patients in the depressive state was decreased compared with that in the normal controls. It was significantly negatively correlated with the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression score evaluated at the time of 31P-MRS examination. The PCr peak area percentage in the right frontal lobe in the patients in the manic and the euthymic states was decreased compared with that in the controls. These results are compatible with previous reports describing reduction of glucose metabolism in the left frontal lobe in depressive patients with bipolar disorder and trait-dependent right hemisphere dysfunction in bipolar disorder.


Subject(s)
Bipolar Disorder/physiopathology , Dominance, Cerebral/physiology , Energy Metabolism/physiology , Frontal Lobe/physiopathology , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Phosphocreatine/metabolism , Arousal/physiology , Bipolar Disorder/diagnosis , Bipolar Disorder/psychology , Blood Glucose/metabolism , Brain Mapping , Depressive Disorder/diagnosis , Depressive Disorder/physiopathology , Depressive Disorder/psychology , Humans
19.
Psychiatry Res ; 55(4): 223-35, 1994 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7701036

ABSTRACT

Frontal lobe dysfunction has been linked to negative symptoms of schizophrenia. We used phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) to examine phosphorous metabolism in frontal brain regions in 26 schizophrenic patients compared with 26 sex- and age-matched control subjects. The relative signal intensities of phosphorous metabolites in frontal regions did not differ significantly between schizophrenic patients and control subjects. However, phosphomonoester levels were significantly decreased in frontal regions of 12 schizophrenic patients who had high scores on negative symptom subscales from the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (i.e., emotional withdrawal, motor retardation, and blunted affect) compared with 14 patients with low negative symptom scores on the same subscales and control subjects. The correlations between negative symptoms and phosphorous metabolism in the frontal lobes support the "hypofrontality hypothesis" in schizophrenia.


Subject(s)
Frontal Lobe/diagnostic imaging , Frontal Lobe/metabolism , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Phosphorus/metabolism , Schizophrenia/diagnostic imaging , Schizophrenia/metabolism , Severity of Illness Index , Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Radiography , Schizophrenia/diagnosis
20.
J Affect Disord ; 31(2): 125-33, 1994 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8071475

ABSTRACT

Brain phosphorus metabolism was measured by 31P-MRS in 15 patients with bipolar II disorder (BP II) and 14 patients with bipolar I disorder (BP I). Phosphocreatine (PCr)levels were significantly lower in patients with BP II in all three psychiatric states compared to 59 normal controls (PCr (%) was 13.5 +/- 1.5 (mean +/- SD) for controls, and 12.2 +/- 1.7, 12.1 +/- 1.3, 12.0 +/- 1.9 for hypomanic, euthymic and depressed bipolar II patients respectively). High values of phosphomonoester (PME) were found in BP II patients in the hypomanic and depressive states, but PME values in the euthymic state did not differ significantly from controls. Intracellular pH of BP II patients in all three psychiatric phases was similar to control values, whereas euthymic BP I patients had lower pH values. These results suggest that brain high energy phosphate metabolism may be impaired in BP II and that there may be pathophysiological differences between BP I and BP II.


Subject(s)
Bipolar Disorder/metabolism , Phosphocreatine/metabolism , Adenosine Triphosphate/biosynthesis , Adult , Aged , Analysis of Variance , Bipolar Disorder/diagnosis , Bipolar Disorder/etiology , Creatine/cerebrospinal fluid , Creatine Kinase/metabolism , Female , Humans , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Intracellular Fluid/chemistry , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Male , Middle Aged , Models, Biological , Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases/metabolism
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