[A comparative study of the reactions of the peripheral blood neutrophils from donors and from lymphogranulomatosis patients to arachidonate stimulation of the cells]. / Sravnitel'noe issledovanie reaktsii neitrofilov perifericheskoi krovi donorov i bol'nykh limfogranulematozom pri stimuliatsii kletok arakhidonatom.

Arachidonate-induced aggregation and generalization of active oxygen forms (OAF) by peripheral blood neutrophils in donors were studied in donors and Hodgkin's disease patients. Leukocytes of the latter had incomplete ability to produce AOF in response to cell stimulation with arachidonic acid. The study of arachidonate-induced aggregation of neutrophils indicated no differences in the speed of the process in the patients and donors. AOF catchers did not act on the rate of leukocyte aggregation in the patients though accelerated the process in the donors. It is inferred that Hodgkin's disease is associated with dysfunction of oxygen activation by neutrophils. The findings suggest that defects in leukocytes ability to activate oxygen in Hodgkin's disease may entail deranged regulation of other processes essential for functional activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

[The distribution of HLA-system antigens in lung cancer patients]. / Raspredelenie antigenov sistemy HLA u bol'nykh rakom legkikh.

Data on 152 cases of lung cancer were studied in an attempt to identify relationship between immunogenetic markers of the HLA system, on the one hand, and histologic pattern of the disease and effectiveness of radiation treatment, on the other. Control group included 200 healthy blood donors. Eight A locus antigens and 16 B locus antigens were studied. In the entire group of patients, HLA-Aw19 antigen was observed less frequently as compared to controls. Similarly infrequent were haplotypes containing the antigen. The occurrence of HLA-B16 antigen was higher in the adenocarcinoma group. Resistance to treatment, particularly, in patients with small-cell histology was associated with the presence of HLA-B8 antigen. Possibility of tissue typing of antigens for diagnosis and prediction of response in lung cancer patients is discussed.

[20 years of experience in using high-energy electron accelerators]. / 20-letnii opyt primeneniia uskoritelei élektronov vysokikh énergii.

The authors summed up their 20-year experience in the clinical use of a linear accelerator of electrons and a Siemens betatron (42 MeV) in the Research Institute of Oncology and Radiology, Ministry of Health of the Byelorussian SSR. Comparative advantages and shortcomings of both accelerators and the results of their technical modifications were considered. A section in the paper, devoted to the clinical aspects of tumor therapy, is concerned with the description of a number of methods of irradiation with various types of therapeutic beams, energies, field sizes, directions, various regimens of dose fractionation in time and irradiated volume. Long-term results of radiotherapy with accelerators were assessed and compared with the results of gamma-beam therapy on cobalt units. A conclusion was made that by 1991-2000 the Republic would need 10 medical accelerators.

[A decrease in the efficiency of radiation damage repair in HeLa tumor cells with their preliminary irradiation at low radiation doses (0.1 Gr)]. / Snizhenie éffektivnosti reparatsii radiatsionnykh povrezhdenii v opukholevykh kletkakh HeLa pri predvaritel'nom obluchenii v malykh dozakh radiatsii (0,1 Gr).

In experiments with tumor HeLa cells, a study was made of the survival rate of both the whole population and individual clonogenic cells after irradiation within different regimes at a cumulative dose of 4 Gy. The results obtained prompt a conclusion that the preirradiation with a dose of 0.1 Gy decreases the efficiency of repair of radiation-induced damages to cells.

[Pathomorphosis of cancer of the breast during thermoradiotherapy]. / Patomorfoz raka molochnoi zhelezy pri termoradioterapii.

Local UHF-hyperthermia in combined therapy of breast cancer patients as compared to preoperative radiotherapy used alone, resulted in more noticeable therapeutic changes in a tumor. This fact was established during a study of tumor pathomorphosis in 206 patients with stage II breast cancer. A degree of therapeutic tumor pathomorphosis showed good correlation with the frequency and duration of a recurrence-free period of disease. In III-IV degree of tumor pathomorphosis the use of thermoradiotherapy brought about a higher efficacy of radical therapy of breast cancer patients.

[Effectiveness of radiotherapy of patients with inoperable lung cancer]. / Effektivnost' luchevoi terapii u bol'nykh s nerezektabel'nym rakom legkogo.

Data on 203 patients with locally advanced lung cancer subjected to exploratory thoracotomy were studied: the 1st group--68 patients received symptomatic therapy only, the 2nd group--71 patients received a palliative course of radiotherapy, and the 3rd group--64 patients were on radiotherapy after a radical program. Radiotherapy in the 3rd group was performed after a split course using staged change of dose fractionation regimens. The use of the palliative radiotherapy course brought about a subjective effect in 39.0 5% of the patients but had no effect upon their survival. Radiotherapy after a radical program resulted in a subjective effect in 82.8 +/- 5.2% of patients and objective improvement in 56.3 6%. The mean survival time of the patients in the 3rd group was twice as much as compared to the patients in the 1st group, being 13.8 mos. versus 6 mos. In the 3rd group 15.4 +/- 7.2% of the patients lived over 3 yrs. Whereas none of the patients in the 1st and 2nd groups had survived by that time. Better results were obtained in the group of patients with epidermoid lung cancer.

[Degree of radiation pathomorphosis of a tumor and the results of combination treatment of breast cancer]. / Stepen' luchevogo patomorfoza opukholi i rezul'taty kombinirovannogo lecheniia raka molochnoi zhelezy.

The long-term results of the combined therapy of 284 patients with infiltrative forms of breast cancer were correlated with the manifestations of radiation pathomorphosis in a tumor after preoperative radiation therapy at a single dose of 4 Gy, summary dose of 20 Gy. Surgical intervention was performed in 59% of the patients in the first 3 days after irradiation, in 30% of the patients in 4-9 days, in 11% in 10-20 days. The degree of radiation pathomorphosis was evaluated by the signs of disturbance of the general structure of the tumorous tissue and the structure of some cancer cells. The most significant changes in tumors were recorded 10-20 days after the termination of radiation therapy. An increase in the interval between the termination of irradiation and operation up to 20 days did not influence the long-term results of the combined therapy of patients with breast cancer. No correlation between the degree of radiation pathomorphosis and long-term results of combined therapy was revealed, therefore the qualitative determination of the degree of injury of tissue and cellular elements of a tumor cannot serve as an adequate criterion of efficacy of mean fractional radiation exposure in performing operation in the first 9 days after its completion.

[Comparison of the effectiveness of preoperative radiation and thermoradiation therapy in treating breast cancer]. / Sravnenie éffektivnosti predoperatsionnoi luchevoi i termoradioterapii pri lechenii raka molochnoi zhelezy.

Based on an analysis of the 3- and 5-year results of the combined treatment of 865 patients with breast cancer using 4 variants of radiation exposure in the preoperative period the following aspects are discussed: 1) the conventional variant of gamma-beam therapy at summary doses of 40-45 Gy is not an optimum variant of preoperative irradiation; 2) better results are achieved with the preoperative irradiation of the affected breast and zones of regional metastasis at a single dose of 4 Gy and a summary dose of 20 Gy; 3) a marked tendency towards achieving still better results of treatment and a statistically significant decrease in the frequency of distant metastases detected in the first 2 years after treatment are noted with the use of two other variants of preoperative exposure: an increase in the doses in tumor growth zones up to the level which is equivalent to a carcinocidal dose and a short course of preoperative irradiation (20 Gy) under the conditions of local UHF-hyperthermia.

[Comparative analysis of the effectiveness of standard and large dose fractionation in preoperative breast cancer irradiation]. / Sravnitel'nyi analiz éffektivnosti obychnogo i krupnogo fraktsionirovaniia dozy pri predoperatsionnomm obluchenii raka molochnoi zhelezy.

The report deals with a retrospective comparison of the effectiveness of standard and large-fractionated preoperative radiation therapy of breast cancer patients (each group included 85 females). As a result of distant irradiation with daily single doses of 4 Gy (total dose--20 Gy), preoperative admission period was reduced 5--7 times, as compared with standard single doses of 2 Gy and total dosage of 40--45 Gy. Large--fractionated radiation therapy results in a relatively low incidence of general and local reactions, does not interfere with surgery and is followed by postoperative complications in fewer cases. The distant metastasis frequency was significantly lower (51 +/- 5 and 32 +/- 5%, respectively), while the 5-year survival rate--higher (45 +/- 5 and 65 +/-5%, respectively) in application of large--fractionated radiation therapy. The said advantages were particularly apparent in cases of local operable tumors (stage III); in such patients, the 5-year survival rate rose from 40 +/- 7 to 64 +/- 6% (p greater than 0.05).

[Enhancing the effect of radiation therapy of malignant tumors by means of UHF-hyperthermic exposure]. / Usilenie éffekta luchevoi terapii zlokachestvennykh opukholei s pomoshch'iu SVCh-gipertermicheskikh vozdeistvii.

In the experiments (605 animals) and clinically (145 patients with malignant neoplasms) the authors have studied the possibility to use superhigh-frequency electromagnetic hyperthermia (42 degrees), associated with ionizing radiation in the complex treatment of tumors. The superhigh-frequency electromagnetic hyperthermia is really one of the ways to enhance the radiosensitivity of a neoplastic tissue. Ionizing radiation and SHF-hyperthermia used simultaneously provide for the directed and prompt disactivation of tumor cells.

[Late results of gamma-teletherapy for lung cancer]. / Otdalennye rezul'taty distantsionnoi gamma-terapii raka legkogo

As a result of distance gamma-therapy on Rocus-123 machine in patients with pulmonary cancer in stage II-IV, the survival for a year period and longer was noted in 57.5 +/- 4.5%, over 3 years--in 19.5 +/- 3.6%; over 5 years--in 7.2+/- 2.4%. An average life survival was 21.6 +/- 1.8%.