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1.
Enferm. intensiva (Ed. impr.) ; 32(1): 42-44, ene.-mar. 2021.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-202299

ABSTRACT

Inspirados por esfuerzos más amplios para hacer más sólidas las conclusiones de la investigación científica, hemos recopilado una lista de algunos de los errores estadísticos más comunes que aparecen en la literatura científica. Los errores tienen su origen en diseños experimentales ineficaces, análisis inapropiados y/o razonamientos erróneos. Proporcionamos asesoramiento sobre la forma en que los autores, revisores y lectores pueden identificar y resolver estos errores y esperamos evitarlos en el futuro. Todos los errores pueden ser identificados en los distintos apartados de una publicación principalmente en material y métodos, resultados o conclusiones


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Subject(s)
Humans , Research Report/standards , Publications/standards , Manuscripts, Medical as Topic , Scientific Experimental Error/classification , Therapeutic Misconception , Peer Review, Research/standards , Biomedical Research/methods , Scientific Misconduct/classification , Correlation of Data , Sample Size
3.
J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol ; 24(5): 298-307, 2014.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25345300

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Cow's milk allergy (CMA), one of the main types of childhood allergy, considerably impairs patient quality of life. Allergen avoidance is difficult, and mistakes are common. Therefore, new treatment strategies such as oral immunotherapy (OIT) have been sought for patients with CMA. Our objective was to review current evidence on immunological changes, efficacy, and safety when using OIT as an alternative to an avoidance diet in the treatment of children with IgE-mediated CMA. METHODS: We performed a systematic review and subsequent meta-analysis of all randomized controlled studies published to date in which OIT is used to treat CMA in children.We evaluated immunological effects, acquisition of desensitization, and adverse events. Immunological changes were examined by means of a meta-analysis of individual patient data. RESULTS: Desensitization using OIT to cow's milk is 10.2 times more likely than in non-0IT-treated patients. The decrease in cow's milk-specific IgE levels was found to differ by 8.1 kUA/L between OIT-treated patients and those on an avoidance diet. This difference was not statistically significant (P=.318). Although side effects are common, they usually involve mild reactions that are easy to manage without parenteral epinephrine. CONCLUSION: OIT can be considered safe and effective (in terms of acquiring desensitization) and reasonably safe (mild-to-moderate adverse events, little need for parenteral epinephrine) in patients with CMA. Although OIT leads to changes in cow's milk-specific IgE levels, the differences between OIT-treated and non-0IT-treated patients are not significant. More studies are needed to evaluate other immunological changes that may occur, such as the increase in IgG4 levels.


Subject(s)
Desensitization, Immunologic/methods , Immunoglobulin E/immunology , Milk Hypersensitivity/therapy , Animals , Child , Desensitization, Immunologic/adverse effects , Humans , Immunoglobulin E/blood , Milk Hypersensitivity/immunology
4.
J. investig. allergol. clin. immunol ; 24(5): 298-307, ago. 2014.
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-128317

ABSTRACT

Background: Cow's milk allergy (CMA), one of the main types of childhood allergy, considerably impairs patient quality of life. Allergen avoidance is difficult, and mistakes are common. Therefore, new treatment strategies such as oral immunotherapy (OIT) have been sought for patients with CMA. Our objective was to review current evidence on immunological changes, efficacy, and safety when using OIT as an alternative to an avoidance diet in the treatment of children with IgE-mediated CMA. Methods: We performed a systematic review and subsequent meta-analysis of all randomized controlled studies published to date in which OIT is used to treat CMA in children. We evaluated immunological effects, acquisition of desensitization, and adverse events. Immunological changes were examined by means of a meta-analysis of individual patient data. Results: Desensitization using OIT to cow's milk is 10.2 times more likely than in non-OIT-treated patients. The decrease in cow's milk-specific IgE levels was found to differ by 8.1 kUA/L between OIT-treated patients and those on an avoidance diet. This difference was not statistically significant (P=.318). Although side effects are common, they usually involve mild reactions that are easy to manage without parenteral epinephrine. Conclusion: OIT can be considered safe and effective (in terms of acquiring desensitization) and reasonably safe (mild-to-moderate adverse events, little need for parenteral epinephrine) in patients with CMA. Although OIT leads to changes in cow's milk-specific IgE levels, the differences between OIT-treated and non-OIT-treated patients are not significant. More studies are needed to evaluate other immunological changes that may occur, such as the increase in IgG4 levels (AU)


Antecedentes: La alergia a la leche de vaca (LV) es una de las principales causas de alergia en la infancia, que altera la calidad de vida de los pacientes y su familia. La evitación del alérgeno es difícil y pueden producirse reacciones adversas graves por ingesta accidental. Esto ha impulsado a la investigación de nuevas estrategias terapéuticas como es la inmunoterapia oral (ITO) para la alergia a LV. Objetivo: Determinar la evidencia actual acerca de los cambios inmunológicos, la eficacia y seguridad de la ITO como alternativa a la dieta de exclusión en el tratamiento del niño con alergia IgE-mediada a LV. Métodos: Revisión sistemática y posterior meta-análisis de todos los estudios controlados aleatorizados publicados hasta el momento actual en los que se emplea la ITO para el tratamiento de la alergia a la LV en niños, evaluando los cambios inmunológicos, la adquisición de desensibilización y los efectos adversos. Los cambios inmunológicos se evaluaron realizando un meta-análisis de los datos individuales de cada paciente. Resultados: La adquisición de desensibilización empleando la ITO con LV es 10.2 veces más frecuente que en los pacientes no tratados. Se observa una diferencia en el descenso de los niveles de IgE específica frente a LV en los pacientes tratados con ITO y los que llevan a cabo una dieta de evitación de 8.1, que no es estadísticamente significativa (p=0.318). Aunque los efectos secundarios son frecuentes, se trata en la mayoría de las ocasiones de reacciones leves de fácil manejo que no requieren el uso de adrenalina parenteral. Conclusión: Existe evidencia suficiente para poder considerar que la ITO es efectiva (en términos de adquisición de desensibilización) y razonablemente segura (efectos adversos leves-moderados, con escasos requerimientos de adrenalina parenteral) para el tratamiento de la alergia a LV. Produce modificaciones inmunológicas en cuanto a los niveles de IgE específica frente a LV, sin embargo, las diferencias no resultan significativas a corto plazo. Hacen falta más estudios para valorar otras cambios inmunológicos que pueden producirse, como es el incremento de los niveles de IgG4 (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Male , Female , Child , Desensitization, Immunologic/methods , Desensitization, Immunologic , Immunoglobulin E/immunology , Milk Hypersensitivity/immunology , Milk Hypersensitivity/therapy , Desensitization, Immunologic/adverse effects , Immunoglobulin E/blood
5.
Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim ; 54(1): 23-8, 2007 Jan.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17319431

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To assess the rate of early complications of outpatient external dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) and patient satisfaction with the anesthetic technique. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This prospective study enrolled 58 patients undergoing external DCR. We analyzed demographic variables, ASA physical status, level of sedation achieved, postoperative pain, systemic complications, intraoperative bleeding, duration of surgery, time until discharge home, and patient and surgeon satisfaction with the anesthetic technique. RESULTS: The mean (SD) level of satisfaction was 4.85 (0.80) points on the Iowa Satisfaction With Anesthesia Scale (ISAS). A positive association was found between postoperative pain and a lower ISAS score. There was also a positive association between use of rescue analgesia in the early postoperative period and a lower ISAS score. Mean blood loss per procedure was 178.9 (108.2) mL. The rate of minor systemic complications was 15.5%. The surgeon's rating of conditions in the surgical field was excellent or good in 89.6% of the cases. CONCLUSIONS: External DCR can be performed on an outpatient basis within a reasonable safety margin and with a low early postoperative complication rate. Patient satisfaction with anesthesia was high. Provision of preoperative information about the meaning of sedation, postoperative analgesia, and surgical bleeding are aspects to improve in this practice setting.


Subject(s)
Ambulatory Surgical Procedures/statistics & numerical data , Dacryocystorhinostomy/statistics & numerical data , Hypnotics and Sedatives/therapeutic use , Nerve Block/methods , Propofol/therapeutic use , Aged , Ambulatory Surgical Procedures/psychology , Analgesia/methods , Analgesia/statistics & numerical data , Blood Loss, Surgical , Bupivacaine/administration & dosage , Dacryocystorhinostomy/methods , Dacryocystorhinostomy/psychology , Epistaxis/epidemiology , Epistaxis/etiology , Female , Humans , Injections , Instillation, Drug , Male , Mepivacaine/administration & dosage , Middle Aged , Ophthalmology , Pain, Postoperative/epidemiology , Pain, Postoperative/therapy , Patient Satisfaction , Physicians/psychology , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , Procaine/administration & dosage , Procaine/analogs & derivatives , Syncope, Vasovagal/epidemiology , Syncope, Vasovagal/etiology
6.
Rev. esp. anestesiol. reanim ; 54(1): 23-28, ene. 2007. tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-053472

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVOS: Determinar la frecuencia de complicaciones inmediatas asociadas a la dacriocistorrinostomía externa (DCRE) en régimen de consultorio y la satisfacción del paciente con la técnica anestésica. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Se estudiaron de forma prospectiva 58 pacientes intervenidos de DCRE. Se analizaron las variables demográficas, el estado físico (ASA), el nivel de sedación conseguido, el dolor postoperatorio, las complicaciones sistémicas, el sangrado intraoperatorio, el tiempo de cirugía, el tiempo transcurrido hasta el alta domiciliaria, la satisfacción del paciente y del cirujano con la técnica anestésica. RESULTADOS: El nivel medio de satisfacción fue de 4,85 ± 0,80 puntos, según la escala de Iowa de satisfacción con la anestesia (EISA). Se encontró una asociación positiva entre el dolor postoperatorio y una menor puntuación en la EISA. También se halló una asociación positiva entre el consumo de analgésicos en el postoperatorio inmediato y la menor puntuación en la EISA. La cuantía media del sangrado fue de 178,9 ± 108,2 ml por procedimiento. La frecuencia de complicaciones sistémicas menores fue del 15,5%. El cirujano calificó las condiciones del campo quirúrgico de excelentes a muy buenas en el 89,6% de los casos. CONCLUSIONES: La DCRE puede realizarse en un consultorio con márgenes adecuados de seguridad, y con baja tasa de complicaciones en el postoperatorio inmediato. La satisfacción del paciente con la anestesia fue alta. La información preoperatoria del significado de sedación, la analgesia postoperatoria y el sangrado quirúrgico son aspectos mejorables en la asistencia prestada


OBJECTIVE: To assess the rate of early complications of outpatient external dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) and patient satisfaction with the anesthetic technique. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This prospective study enrolled 58 patients undergoing external DCR. We analyzed demographic variables, ASA physical status, level of sedation achieved, postoperative pain, systemic complications, intraoperative bleeding, duration of surgery, time until discharge home, and patient and surgeon satisfaction with the anesthetic technique. RESULTS: The mean (SD) level of satisfaction was 4.85 (0.80) points on the Iowa Satisfaction With Anesthesia Scale (ISAS). A positive association was found between postoperative pain and a lower ISAS score. There was also a positive association between use of rescue analgesia in the early postoperative period and a lower ISAS score. Mean blood loss per procedure was 178.9 (108.2) mL. The rate of minor systemic complications was 15.5%. The surgeon's rating of conditions in the surgical field was excellent or good in 89.6% of the cases. CONCLUSIONS: External DCR can be performed on an outpatient basis within a reasonable safety margin and with a low early postoperative complication rate. Patient satisfaction with anesthesia was high. Provision of preoperative information about the meaning of sedation, postoperative analgesia, and surgical bleeding are aspects to improve in this practice setting


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Humans , Ambulatory Surgical Procedures/statistics & numerical data , Dacryocystorhinostomy/statistics & numerical data , Hypnotics and Sedatives/therapeutic use , Nerve Block/methods , Propofol/therapeutic use , Ambulatory Surgical Procedures/psychology , Analgesia/methods , Analgesia/statistics & numerical data , Blood Loss, Surgical , Bupivacaine/administration & dosage , Dacryocystorhinostomy/methods , Dacryocystorhinostomy/psychology , Epistaxis/epidemiology , Epistaxis/etiology , Injections , Instillation, Drug , Lacrimal Duct Obstruction/surgery , Mepivacaine/administration & dosage , Ophthalmology , Pain, Postoperative/epidemiology , Pain, Postoperative/therapy , Patient Satisfaction , Physicians/psychology , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , Procaine/analogs & derivatives , Procaine/administration & dosage , Syncope, Vasovagal/epidemiology , Syncope, Vasovagal/etiology
7.
Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol ; 79(2): 53-8, 2004 Feb.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14988783

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The aim of our study was to evaluate the frequency of side effects (ataxia, dizziness and dry mouth) due to systemic absorption of parasympatholytic eye-drops, before phacoemulsification. METHODS: This single surgeon, prospective, randomized and controlled study included 303 consecutive patients selected to undergo phacoemulsification with topical and intracameral anesthesia. Patients were distributed in two groups; those receiving no mydriatics before surgery (n=151) as control group and those dilated with cyclopentolate 1% and tropicamide 1% eye-drops (n=152) as the study group. Ataxia, dizziness and dry mouth were recorded in both groups by the same observer. Surgery time and changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressures were noted. Note was also taken of the cases where pupil widening maneuvers and a second intracameral instillation of lidocaine 1% plus epinephrine 1/200,000 were needed. RESULTS: Fifteen patients (9.9%) suffered ataxia in the study group vs. three patients (2%) in the control group. Twenty-three patients (15.1%) suffered dizziness in the study group vs. two patients (1.3%) in the control group. Thirty patients (19.7%) experienced dry mouth in the study group vs. ten patients (6.6%) in the control group. No significant changes in blood pressures, surgery time and pupil dilating maneuvers were noted between groups. The odds ratio for a second intracameral instillation was 2.0 in the control group vs. the study group. CONCLUSIONS: Lidocaine 1% plus epinephrine 1/200,000 as an adjunct to topical anesthesia during phacoemulsification showed to be an effective and safe alternative to abolish side effects caused by systemic absorption of mydriatics eye-drops before surgery.


Subject(s)
Cyclopentolate/administration & dosage , Mydriatics/administration & dosage , Phacoemulsification/methods , Pupil/drug effects , Tropicamide/administration & dosage , Aged , Cyclopentolate/adverse effects , Female , Humans , Male , Mydriatics/adverse effects , Ophthalmic Solutions/administration & dosage , Ophthalmic Solutions/adverse effects , Preoperative Care/methods , Prospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Tropicamide/adverse effects , Visual Acuity
8.
Arch. Soc. Esp. Oftalmol ; 79(2): 53-58, feb. 2004.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-30011

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: El propósito de nuestra investigación fue estimar la frecuencia de presentación de efectos secundarios (ataxia, mareo y sequedad de boca) atribuibles a la absorción sistémica de los colirios parasimpaticolíticos aplicados antes de la facoemulsificación. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio prospectivo, randomizado y controlado en una muestra de 303 pacientes consecutivos seleccionados para facoemulsificación realizada por un mismo cirujano bajo anestesia tópica e intracamerular. Los pacientes se distribuyeron en dos grupos; el grupo control (n=151) que no recibió midriáticos antes de la intervención y el grupo de estudio (n=152) al que se aplicó cilopentolato al 1 por ciento y tropicamida al 1 por ciento. Un mismo observador exploró la aparición de ataxia, mareo y sequedad oral en ambos grupos. Se registró el tiempo quirúrgico y las variaciones en la presión arterial sistólica y diastólica. Se reconocieron los casos en que fue necesaria alguna maniobra para dilatar la pupila o una nueva administración intracamerular de lidocaína al 1 por ciento más adrenalina 1/200.000.Resultados: Quince pacientes (9,9 por ciento) demostraron ataxia en la marcha en el grupo de estudio frente a tres (2 por ciento) en el grupo control. Veintitrés pacientes (15,1 por ciento) del grupo de estudio presentaron mareos frente a dos (1,3 por ciento) del grupo control. Treinta pacientes (19,7 por ciento) experimentaron sequedad oral en el grupo de estudio frente a diez (6,6 por ciento) en el grupo control. No se detectaron cambios estadísticamente significativos en los valores de la presión arterial, ni en los tiempos quirúrgicos, ni en el número de maniobras requeridas para dilatar el iris entre grupos. El odds ratio para una nueva instilación fue de 2,0 en el grupo control frente al grupo de estudio. Conclusiones: La lidocaína al 1 por ciento y la adrenalina 1/200.000 como único midriático por vía intracamerular, es una alternativa efectiva y segura para abolir los efectos secundarios debidos a la absorción sistémica de los anticolinérgicos aplicados antes de la cirugía (AU)


Subject(s)
Male , Humans , Female , Aged , Tropicamide , Treatment Outcome , Pupil , Prospective Studies , Preoperative Care , Phacoemulsification , Ophthalmic Solutions , Cyclopentolate , Mydriatics , Visual Acuity
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