ABSTRACT
A stock of Trypanosoma brucei ssp. isolated from a naturally-infected goat in the Lambwe Valley, Kenya, induced cerebral trypanosomiasis in experimentally-infected goats. Six of nine goats with cerebral trypanosomiasis induced by this stock were cured by a single high dose of suramin (50 mg kg-1). Two other goats appeared to be cured with this dosage of suramin but later developed abnormal central nervous system (CNS) signs and parasitaemia. Parasites first appeared in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and then in the blood and lymph nodes. Mel-B was also effective against primary and relapse cerebral trypanosomiasis in goats.
Subject(s)
Arsenicals/therapeutic use , Central Nervous System Diseases/veterinary , Goat Diseases/drug therapy , Melarsoprol/therapeutic use , Suramin/therapeutic use , Trypanocidal Agents/therapeutic use , Trypanosomiasis, African/veterinary , Animals , Brain/pathology , Central Nervous System/pathology , Central Nervous System Diseases/cerebrospinal fluid , Central Nervous System Diseases/drug therapy , Goat Diseases/cerebrospinal fluid , Goats , Male , Mice , Spinal Puncture/veterinary , Trypanosomiasis, African/cerebrospinal fluid , Trypanosomiasis, African/drug therapyABSTRACT
A bisquinaldine, 1,6-bis-(6-amino-2-methyl-4-quinolylamino) hexane, was tested against Trypanosoma brucei ssp. in goats and against T. brucei, T. congolense and T. vivax in mice. At doses of 25 and 100 mg kg-1, the drug protected goats for at least 90 days against blood challenge with T. brucei ssp. Fifty to sixty per cent of goats challenged 180 days after treatment were protected, but all goats challenged 270 days after treatment became infected. In mice, bisquinaldine also had a marked effect on T. brucei, but only a minimal effect on T. vivax and no apparent effect on T. congolense. No drug toxicity was noted in mice even at doses of 2000 mg kg-1. Both a short-term (25 and 100 mg kg-1) and long term (100 mg kg-1) toxicity was apparent in goats treated with bisquinaldine.
Subject(s)
Aminoquinolines/therapeutic use , Goat Diseases/drug therapy , Trypanocidal Agents/therapeutic use , Trypanosomiasis, African/veterinary , Aminoquinolines/toxicity , Animals , Brain/pathology , Goat Diseases/prevention & control , Goats , Mice , Mice, Inbred ICR , Trypanocidal Agents/toxicity , Trypanosoma brucei brucei , Trypanosoma congolense , Trypanosomiasis, African/drug therapy , Trypanosomiasis, African/prevention & controlABSTRACT
Zebu x European (Z x E) crossbred cattle suffered a more severe course of disease than Boran cattle when infected with Trypanosoma vivax (Likoni) by Glossina morsitans. All Z x E animals in this study required Berenil treatment while all Borans self-cured the infection without treatment. The more severe disease in Z x E animals was characterized by longer periods of patent infection and fever, more severe anaemia and greater likelihood of haemorrhage. Cattle previously infected and cured with Berenil showed resistance and self-cured challenge infections. After self-cure cattle remained immune to tsetse fly challenge with the homologous trypanosome stock for long periods. Immunity induced by infection and drug or self-cure appeared to be specific for the homologous stock, since cattle immune to T. vivax (Likoni) showed no resistance when challenged with stocks of T. vivax isolated in Lugala, Uganda or Galana, Kenya. Severe haemorrhages, most prominent in the digestive tract, were seen in some infected cattle before treatment.
