ABSTRACT
The introduction of Lupinus mutabilis (Andean lupin) in Europe will provide a new source of protein and oil for plant-based diets and biomass for bio-based products, while contributing to the improvement of marginal soils. This study evaluates for the first time the phenotypic variability of a large panel of L. mutabilis accessions both in their native environment and over two cropping conditions in Europe (winter crop in the Mediterranean region and summer crop in North-Central Europe), paving the way for the selection of accessions adapted to specific environments. The panel of 225 accessions included both germplasm pools from the Andean region and breeding lines from Europe. Notably, we reported higher grain yield in Mediterranean winter-cropping conditions (18 g/plant) than in the native region (9 g/plant). Instead, North European summer-cropping conditions appear more suitable for biomass production (up to 2 kg/plant). The phenotypic evaluation of 16 agronomical traits revealed significant variation in the panel. Principal component analyses pointed out flowering time, yield, and architecture-related traits as the main factors explaining variation between accessions. The Peruvian material stands out among the top-yielding accessions in Europe, characterized by early lines with high grain yield (e.g., LIB065, LIB072, and LIB155). Bolivian and Ecuadorian materials appear more valuable for the selection of genotypes for Andean conditions and for biomass production in Europe. We also observed that flowering time in the different environments is influenced by temperature accumulation. Within the panel, it is possible to identify both early and late genotypes, characterized by different thermal thresholds (600°C-700°C and 1,000-1,200°C GDD, respectively). Indications on top-yielding and early/late accessions, heritability of morpho-physiological traits, and their associations with grain yield are reported and remain largely environmental specific, underlining the importance of selecting useful genetic resources for specific environments. Altogether, these results suggest that the studied panel holds the genetic potential for the adaptation of L. mutabilis to Europe and provide the basis for initiating a breeding program based on exploiting the variation described herein.
ABSTRACT
Quinoa is a highly diverse crop domesticated in the Andean region of South America with broad adaptation to a wide range of marginal environments. Quinoa has garnered interest worldwide due to its nutritional and health benefits. Over the last decade, quinoa production has expanded outside of the Andean region, prompting multiple studies investigating the potential for quinoa cultivation in novel environments. Currently, quinoa is grown in countries spanning five continents, including North America, Europe, Asia, Africa, and Oceania. Here, we update the advances of quinoa research in Ecuador across different topics, including (a) current quinoa production situation with a focus on breeding progress, (b) traditional seed production, and (c) the impact of the work of the nongovernment organization "European Committee for Training and Agriculture" with quinoa farmers in Chimborazo province. Additionally, we discuss genetic diversity, primary pests and diseases, actions for adapting quinoa to tropical areas, and recent innovations in quinoa processing in Ecuador. Finally, we report a case study describing a participatory breeding project between Washington State University and the Association of Andean Seed and Nutritional Food Producers Mushuk Yuyay in the province of Cañar.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To determine the prognostic value of c-erbB-2, p53, hormone receptors and angiogenesis, on recurrence free time and its relationship to treatment in breast cancer patients. METHODS: Women with histologic diagnosis of breast cancer and immunohistochemical determination of biologic factors. Clinic, histologic, molecular factors and recurrence free time were registered. RESULTS: 101 patients, ages 51.98 +/- 11.5 years. Follow-up 32.52 +/- 24.3 months. Tumor recurred in 31, (30.69%); 15 (48.33%) had tumor size above 2.1 cm, 19 (61.29%) showed positive estrogen receptors and 18 (58.07%) for progesterone; 20 (64.51%) to c-erbB-2 expression (64.51%); 18 to p53; average microvessels 24.48 +/- 17.27. Tumor size related to recurrence, p = 0.008. Kruskal-Wallis test did not show a difference when correlating survival free time and biologic factors. 24 pts. (77.41%) received hormones; 20 (64.5%) chemotherapy (61.29%); 19 (61.29%) radiotherapy. Response prediction to hormones with estrogen receptor positive, p = 0.059; to chemotherapy in angiogenesis under 40 vessels/field-0.024. CONCLUSIONS: Tumor size has prognostic implications. A clear positive tendency was observed with p53 and higher microvessel density. Estrogen receptors offer predictive response value to hormone treatment and lower vascular density to chemotherapy, treatment indicators of possible therapeutic association.
Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/blood , Breast Neoplasms/therapy , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Biomarkers/blood , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Prognosis , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To determine the prognostic value of c-erbB-2, p53, hormone receptors and angiogenesis, on recurrence free time and its relationship to treatment in breast cancer patients. METHODS: Women with histologic diagnosis of breast cancer and immunohistochemical determination of biologic factors. Clinic, histologic, molecular factors and recurrence free time were registered. RESULTS: 101 patients, ages 51.98 +/- 11.5 years. Follow-up 32.52 +/- 24.3 months. Tumor recurred in 31, (30.69); 15 (48.33) had tumor size above 2.1 cm, 19 (61.29) showed positive estrogen receptors and 18 (58.07) for progesterone; 20 (64.51) to c-erbB-2 expression (64.51); 18 to p53; average microvessels 24.48 +/- 17.27. Tumor size related to recurrence, p = 0.008. Kruskal-Wallis test did not show a difference when correlating survival free time and biologic factors. 24 pts. (77.41) received hormones; 20 (64.5) chemotherapy (61.29); 19 (61.29) radiotherapy. Response prediction to hormones with estrogen receptor positive, p = 0.059; to chemotherapy in angiogenesis under 40 vessels/field-0.024. CONCLUSIONS: Tumor size has prognostic implications. A clear positive tendency was observed with p53 and higher microvessel density. Estrogen receptors offer predictive response value to hormone treatment and lower vascular density to chemotherapy, treatment indicators of possible therapeutic association.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Breast Neoplasms , Aged, 80 and over , Cross-Sectional Studies , Biomarkers/blood , Prognosis , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Antecedentes: Cuando un paciente oncológico requiere ser tratado en la unidad de cuidados intensivos, la mortalidad es alta y surgen dilemas éticos y filosóficos. Objetivo: Determinar las causas de ingreso y establecer las expectativas pronósticas de supervivencia de pacientes oncológicos que requieren de atención médica en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI). Pacientes y métodos: Pacientes de uno u otro sexo, con diagnóstico corroborado de neoplasia que ingresaron a la UCI de enero de 1993 a septiembre de 1994. Se estudiaron edad, tipo de neoplasia, estadio clínico, diagnóstico de ingreso a la UCI, tiempo de estancia en la UCI, APACHE II y causas de defunción. Resultados: Fueron analizados 150 pacientes con edad de 48.9 + 17.1 años (rango 14 a 92 años) y Karnofsky. Noventa y nueve fueron mujeres y 51 hombres. Se observaron 131 casos quirúrgicos y 19 clínicos. Cuarenta y nueve pacientes tenían diagnóstico de cáncer cervicouterino; 10 de tiroides; ocho de laringe; siete de ovario y otros siete epidermoide. El 47.8 por ciento se detectaron en etapa III a IV. Setenta y cuatro ingresaron para vigilancia postquirúrgica; 18 por insuficiencia respiratoria aguda; 14 por diátesis hemorrágica; 14 por necesidad de asistencia mecánica ventilatoria después de haber realizado una traqueostomía; ocho por disritmia y ocho por choque hipovolémico. La mediana del tiempo de estancia fue de cuatro días (rango 1 a 44). La calificación de APACHE II fue 17.9 + 4.4 puntos (rango de 12 a 32). Dieciocho sujetos fallecieron durante estancia en la UCI, otros 48 murieron durante los siguientes seis meses después de su egreso. Las causas de muerte fueron choque hipovolémico, 44.4 por ciento; disritmia, 16.6 por ciento; embolia pulmonar, 16.6 por ciento, disturbio ácido-base, 11.1 por ciento; neumonía, 5.5 por ciento y sepsis, 5.5 por ciento. Se evidenció impacto estadístico significativo para supervivencia con causas de ingreso no quirúrgicas, APACHE II mayor a 20 puntos y estado de choque hipovolémico. Conclusiones: La mitad de los pacientes con cáncer que ingresaron fueron menores de 50 años, tienen neoplasias avanzadas y cursan con calificaciones altas de APACHE II; la causa más frecuente de ingreso es la insuficiencia respiratoria. Las expectativas de supervivencia los primeros cuatro días son pobres, más del 20 por ciento mueren las primeras 24 horas. Razones no quirúrgicas de ingreso, APACHE II > 20 puntos y estado de choque se consideran factores pronóstico independientes
