ABSTRACT
The mutagenic activity of phenoxyacetatocopper (II) complexes of the composition Cu(R-COO)2Ln-R = phenoxymethyl, L represents H2O (n = 3), phenazone (1), 4-nitropyridine N-oxide (1)--as well free phenoxyacetic acid and uncoordinated 4-nitropyridine N-oxide was tested against strains of Salmonella typhimurium (TA 100, TA 97 and TA 102) with or without metabolic activation. Using Ames methods in vitro, of the above-mentioned compounds only the 4-nitropyridine N-oxide complex in a concentration of 75 micrograms/dish, with 27.7% content of this neutral ligand) and this molecule ligand alone (in a concentration of 12.5 micrograms/dish) exhibited genotoxic effects. The relationship between the coordination-chemical properties and the biological effects of the compounds tested is discussed.
Subject(s)
Mutagens , Organometallic Compounds/toxicity , Phenylacetates/toxicity , Copper/toxicity , Mutagenicity Tests , Salmonella typhimurium/drug effects , Salmonella typhimurium/geneticsABSTRACT
A collaborative study involving laboratories in six countries was initiated under the sponsorship of the International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) to determine the sensitivity, efficiency and reliability of the Vicia faba root tip meristem chromosomal aberration assay using a standardized protocol. The six laboratories that participated in this study were located in the Slovak Republic, India, Japan, Poland, Sweden and the USA. All laboratories adhered to a standardized protocol for the Vicia faba chromosomal aberration assay. Four coded chemicals, azidoglycerol (AG), N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU), sodium azide (NaN3) and maleic hydrazide (MH) were tested with the Vicia faba chromosomal aberration assay. Of the four chemicals, three (MH, AG and MNU) were found to be clastogenic and gave a concentration related response. However, the results of NaN3 were equivocal which might be explained by the stability of NaN3. The conclusions from this study suggest that the Vicia faba chromosomal aberration bioassay is an efficient and reliable short-term bioassay for the rapid screening of chemicals for clastogenicity.
Subject(s)
Fabaceae/genetics , Mutagenicity Tests/methods , Plants, Medicinal , Azides/toxicity , Biological Assay/methods , Chromosome Aberrations , International Cooperation , Maleic Hydrazide/toxicity , Methylnitrosourea/toxicity , Plant Root Cap/genetics , Propylene Glycols/toxicity , Reproducibility of Results , Sodium AzideABSTRACT
A method for assessing red cell membrane destabilization (destruction) in disease is suggested. Its characteristic feature is the employment of polarization analysis for the first time in studies of the red cell membrane structural and biophysical characteristics due to the membrane ability to change the incidental light polarization in light interaction with charged membrane fragments.
Subject(s)
Erythrocyte Membrane/pathology , Spectrometry, Fluorescence/methods , Adult , Female , Humans , Middle AgedABSTRACT
In experimental fecal peritonitis in 140 albino rats the kallikrein-kinin system was shown to undergo the following changes: its inhibition during the first day was followed by an activation on the second day and inanition on the third day. Under conditions of hyperbaric oxygenation the normalizing effect on the kinin system was observed during two days. The application of salicylates against the background of HBO was shown to enhance the normalizing effect which lasted for three days.
Subject(s)
Carboxypeptidases/blood , Kallikreins/blood , Kininogens/blood , Lysine Carboxypeptidase/blood , Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/blood , Peritonitis/blood , Acute Disease , Animals , Enzyme Activation/drug effects , Hyperbaric Oxygenation , Peritonitis/therapy , Prekallikrein/blood , Rats , Sodium Salicylate/therapeutic useABSTRACT
The state of the kinin system in mechanical jaundice and possible ways for its normalization were analysed on the basis of clinico-experimental observations. In 32 patients with postoperative hepatic insufficiency developed against the background of mechanical jaundice a considerable activation of the kinin system was detected which was found to have a direct correlation with the severity of the disease. In experiments on 185 albino rats with model of mechanical jaundice during 40 days a comparative analysis of the state of the kinin system in the initial state, under conditions of hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) and when using kontrikal and sodium salicylate against the background of HBO was made. The phasic activation of the kinin system was established. The use of HBO was found to maintain the antikinin activity during 30 days of jaundice. The effect of normalization was increased by the simultaneous use of sodium salicylate.
Subject(s)
Cholestasis/blood , Kinins/blood , Adult , Aged , Animals , Aprotinin/therapeutic use , Cholestasis/complications , Cholestasis/therapy , Female , Humans , Hyperbaric Oxygenation , Male , Middle Aged , Postoperative Complications/blood , Postoperative Complications/therapy , Rats , Sodium Salicylate/therapeutic use , Time FactorsABSTRACT
The model of acute mechanical ileus was created in 130 albino rats. Components of the blood kinin system were investigated. During the second day the kinin system of blood was activated, during the third day it was depleted. The use of one performance of HBO on the 2nd and 3d day of ileus decreased the level of kinin-forming factors. The investigations performed create prerequisites for using HBO and antikinin drugs in the postoperative period of acute ileus, control of the kinin system parameters being strictly observed.
