[Vascular endothelial growth factor in elderly and senile age: clinical and pathogenetic relationships.]

The aim of the study was to study the role of serum vascular endothelial growth factor and to determine its clinical significance in elderly and senile patients. The study included 124 people (40 men and 84 women) aged 60 to 89 years, the average age was 68,8±7,4 years. Serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were studied in the work; blood lipid spectrum parameters, indicators of acute phase blood proteins: C-reactive protein (C-RP), fibrinogen; glomerular filtration rate (GFR) according to the CKD-EPI formula based on serum creatinine and according to the F. Hoek method using cystatin C. In general, 15,3% of the examined individuals had elevated serum levels of VEGF, more often in elderly patients. It was found that serum levels of VEGF are positively associated with the concentration of CRP (r=0,411), the number of platelets in peripheral blood (r=0,358) and positive with the concentration of serum cystatin C (r=0,211). In the subgroup of patients with an elevated serum VEGF level, the platelet count, the concentration of C-RP, fibrinogen, and cystatin C were significantly higher, and the calculated GFR according to F.Hoek was significantly lower. Patients with an elevated serum VEGF level, as a pro-inflammatory and prothrombogenic potential, especially if it is associated with the development of kidney dysfunction in the elderly and senile, should be considered as a risk group for atherothrombotic cardiovascular events.

[Inflammatory markers, lipid metabolism and renal functional state in young, middle, elderly and senior patients with high cardiovascular risk.]

With increasing age in the human body, various pathophysiological changes are observed in response to the effects of various factors, taking into account the genetic predisposition. Among the possible factors causing an increase in cardiovascular risk in the general population are the level of blood pressure, changes in lipid metabolism and inflammation markers, as well as the magnitude of the filtration function of the kidneys. This publication examined inflammatory markers, lipid metabolism, and renal function in 269 (136 males and 133 females) young, middle, elderly, and senile patients at high cardiovascular risk. It was shown that among the elderly, the frequency of overweight was 31%. The prevalence of obesity of the 1st degree was relatively higher in patients of middle (25,4%) and elderly (28,7%) age. In senile (62,5%) and young (48,3%) people, the most frequently recorded increase in heart rate was ≥80 beats per minute. The prevalence of arterial hypertension was 31,6% in young people and 59,4% in middle-aged people. The number of patients with hypertension increased among the elderly and senile participants, 68,9 and 62,5% respectively. Systolic blood pressure levels were higher in the elderly compared to young and old people. The diastolic blood pressure and hemoglobin levels were significantly lower among elderly patients. Levels of total cholesterol, cholesterol of low density lipoproteins and triglycerides were significantly higher in middle-aged people. Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), as well as C-reactive protein, were significantly higher among elderly patients. A significant decrease in the filtration function of the kidneys was observed among elderly and senile patients.

[Modern biomarkers of renal dysfunction in the elderly and senile age: clinical and prognostic significance.]

In the presented work, the role of modern biomarkers of kidney dysfunction in elderly (n=97) and senile (n=18) patients was investigated. A clinical and laboratory examination was performed with an assessment of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) using the CKD-EPI formula. Serum levels of cystatin C and metabolism of beta-2-microglobulin (ß2-MG) were assessed. In the presented sample, the prevalence of a decrease in GFR <60 ml/min was 30,4% of cases. The frequency of individuals with elevated serum cystatin C, depending on the GFR category (CKD-EPI), was as follows: C1 - in 79,9%; C2 - in 77,6%; C3A - in 74%; C3B - in 80,6%; C4 - in 100%; C5 - in 100%. An increase in the serum level of ß2-MG was observed in 51,8 and 58,4% of patients, respectively, on C1 and C2 gradations of renal function. An increase in urinary ß2-MG excretion was found in 40,7% of patients at C1 and 41,5% at C2 gradations of renal function. The number of patients who had elevated levels of ß2-MG excretion in the urine at C3B and C4 gradations of GFR reduction was 75 and 88,6%, respectively. At the terminal stage of CKD, almost every patient showed an increase in ß2-MG excretion in the urine. A statistically significant relationship between the metabolism of ß2-MG and the nitrogen excretion function of the kidneys was established. In elderly and senile people, the determination of serum levels of cystatin C and ß2-MG makes it possible to detect a decrease in the filtration function of the kidneys at an earlier stage compared with the assessment of GFR calculated from the level of blood creatinine. Elevated levels of cystatin C and ß2-MG are additional risk factors for cardiovascular complications.

[The relationship of hypertriglyceridemia and left ventricular remodeling types in patients with chronic kidney disease].

AIM: To assess the relationship between hypertriglyceridemia (THG) and left ventricular remodeling types in patients with chronic kidney disease(CKD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 152 patients with CKD from stages 1 to 3 were examined, 98 of them with CKD without THG (subgroup 1) and 54 with CKD and THG. All patients were assessed for the parameters of anthropometry, hemodynamics, lipid spectrum, uric acid, calcium, C-reactive protein (CRP), and serum cystatin C measurement with calculation of glomerular filtration rate. The parameters of vascular stiffness (augmentation index and stiffness) and echocardiography are analyzed. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: In the 2nd subgroup (CKD + THG), the number of patients suffering from type 2 diabetes, a stable form of coronary heart disease, gout, and their combination with hypertension, as well as cerebrovacular disorders and hyperuricemia was significantly higher compared with patients with CKD without GTG (p.

[Renal dysfunction and indicators of arterial hormity in persons of elderly and senile age.]

In the presented paper had been examined parameters of arterial stiffness (stiffness index, SI m/s; reflection index, RI%; augmentation index, Alp; biological age of the vascular system, VA years; age index, AGI; alternative stiffness index, aSI; index of increase in HP=75, Aiр 75%), central arterial pressure and cystatin C content in serum. A totally were examined 98 persons (women, n=45 and men, n=53) elderly and older. A comparative analysis of arterial stiffness and its relationship with blood cystatin C in the examined groups with gender differences taken into account. In the elderly and older women, the augmentation index and its increase at a pulse rate of 75, atherogenic lipids (total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and serum triglycerides) were significantly higher, and the indicators of the alternative stiffness index were significantly lower compared to men elderly and older. The greatest number of correlation interrelations was found between the indices of arterial stiffness and the level of cystatin C in the group of women of elderly and senile age.