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1.
Small Methods ; : e2400622, 2024 Jul 17.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39021326

ABSTRACT

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are increasingly finding applications in targeted drug delivery, including for subcutaneous, intravenous, inhalation, and vaccine administration. While a variety of microscopy techniques are widely used for LNP characterization, their resolution does not allow for characterization of the spatial organization of different components, such as the excipients, targeting agents, or even the active ingredient. Herein, an approach is presented to probe the spatial organization of individual constituent groups of LNPs used for siRNA-based drug delivery, currently in clinical trials, by multinuclear solid-state magic-angle-spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR) spectroscopy. Dynamic nuclear polarization is exploited (DNP) for sensitivity enhancement, together with judicious 2H labeing, to detect functionally important LNP constituents, the siRNA and the targeting agent (<1-2 w/v%), respectively, and achieve a structural model of the LNP locating the siRNA in the core, the targeting agent below the surface, and the sugars above the lipid bilayer at the surface. The integrated approach presented here is applicable for structural analysis of LNPs and can be extended more generally to other multi-component biological formulations.

2.
J Pharm Sci ; 105(6): 1907-1913, 2016 06.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27155767

ABSTRACT

Understanding the behavior of tablet disintegrants is valuable in the development of pharmaceutical solid dosage formulations. In this study, high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging has been used to understand the hydration behavior of a series of commercial sodium starch glycolate (SSG) samples, providing robust estimates of tablet disintegration rate that could be correlated with physicochemical properties of the SSGs, such as the extent of phosphorus (P) cross-linking as obtained from infra-red spectroscopy. Furthermore, elemental analysis together with powder X-ray diffraction has been used to quantify the presence of carboxymethyl groups and salt impurities, which also contribute to the disintegration behavior. The utility of Fast Low Angle SHot magnetic resonance imaging has been demonstrated as an approach to rapidly acquire approximations of the volume of a disintegrating tablet and, together with a robust voxel analysis routine, extract tablet disintegration rates. In this manner, a complete characterization of a series of SSG grades from different sources has been performed, showing the variability in their physicochemical properties and demonstrating a correlation between their disintegration rates and intrinsic characteristics. The insights obtained will be a valuable aid in the choice of disintegrant source as well as in managing SSG variability to ensure robustness of drug products containing SSG.


Subject(s)
Cross-Linking Reagents/analysis , Excipients/analysis , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Phosphorus/analysis , Starch/analogs & derivatives , Cross-Linking Reagents/metabolism , Excipients/metabolism , Phosphorus/metabolism , Solubility , Spectrophotometry, Infrared/methods , Starch/analysis , Starch/metabolism , Tablets , X-Ray Diffraction/methods
3.
Mol Pharm ; 4(4): 513-23, 2007.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17539661

ABSTRACT

The optimization of aqueous solubility is an important step along the route to bringing a new therapeutic to market. We describe the development of an empirical computational model to rank the pH-dependent aqueous solubility of drug candidates. The model consists of three core components to describe aqueous solubility. The first is a multivariate QSAR model for the prediction of the intrinsic solubility of the neutral solute. The second facet of the approach is the consideration of ionization using a predicted pKa and the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. The third aspect of the model is a novel method for assessing the effects of crystal packing on solubility through a series of short molecular dynamics simulations of an actual or hypothetical small molecule crystal structure at escalating temperatures. The model also includes a Monte Carlo error function that considers the variability of each of the underlying components of the model to estimate the 90% confidence interval of estimation.


Subject(s)
Ions/chemistry , Models, Theoretical , Pharmaceutical Preparations/chemistry , Water/chemistry , Crystallization , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Models, Chemical , Molecular Structure , Monte Carlo Method , Pharmaceutical Preparations/analysis , Predictive Value of Tests , Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship , Solubility , Statistics, Nonparametric
4.
J Med Chem ; 49(24): 6946-9, 2006 Nov 30.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17125246

ABSTRACT

LFA-1 (leukocyte function-associated antigen-1), is a member of the beta2-integrin family and is expressed on all leukocytes. This letter describes the discovery and preliminary SAR of spirocyclic hydantoin based LFA-1 antagonists that culminated in the identification of analog 8 as a clinical candidate. We also report the first example of the efficacy of a small molecule LFA-1 antagonist in combination with CTLA-4Ig in an animal model of transplant rejection.


Subject(s)
Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1/metabolism , Spiro Compounds/chemical synthesis , Thiophenes/chemical synthesis , Animals , Cell Adhesion/drug effects , Crystallography, X-Ray , Dogs , Graft Rejection/prevention & control , Humans , Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1/chemistry , Mice , Models, Molecular , Molecular Structure , Pneumonia/drug therapy , Pneumonia/immunology , Spiro Compounds/pharmacokinetics , Spiro Compounds/pharmacology , Stereoisomerism , Structure-Activity Relationship , Thiophenes/pharmacokinetics , Thiophenes/pharmacology , Transplantation, Homologous
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