ABSTRACT
Severe cerebral palsy is often accompanied by wasting. The authors used standard methods for the correction of primary protein energy malnutrition in children with severe cerebral palsy. A randomised controlled trial was used to compare intensive nasogastric tube-feeding with the best oral feeding that could be achieved. Nasogastric feeding led to highly significant increases in weight. The changes in skinfold thickness and mid-arm muscle circumference indicated increases in both lean and fat tissue. This study indicates that wasting associated with cerebral palsy can be quickly corrected, so there is no reason why such patients should be exposed to the increased risks associated with wasting.
Subject(s)
Cerebral Palsy/complications , Growth Disorders/diet therapy , Adolescent , Body Weight , Child , Child, Preschool , Enteral Nutrition , Female , Growth Disorders/etiology , Humans , Male , Random AllocationABSTRACT
1. Essential hypertension is associated with increased intracellular sodium in both erythrocytes and leucocytes. Reports in the literature indicate that increasing the level of polyunsaturated fat in the diet reduces hypertension. In the present study, spontaneously hypertensive rats (Wistar-Kyoto, which develop systolic blood pressures in excess of 140 mmHg by 8 weeks of age) were fed on high-fat diets (40% energy derived from fat), the fat being maize oil (high in polyunsaturated fatty acids, PUFA) and coconut oil (low in PUFA). 2. Significantly higher blood pressures developed by 110 d of age in the rats fed on a high-PUFA diet, compared with those fed on the low-PUFA diet. 3. In thymocytes, ouabain-sensitive efflux rate constants were significantly lower in the group fed on the high-PUFA diet. Ouabain-insensitive efflux rate constants were unaffected by diet.
Subject(s)
Dietary Fats/therapeutic use , Fats, Unsaturated/therapeutic use , Hypertension/diet therapy , Sodium/metabolism , Animals , Biological Transport/drug effects , Blood Pressure/drug effects , Hypertension/physiopathology , Lipid Metabolism , Rats , Rats, Inbred SHR , Thymus Gland/cytology , Thymus Gland/metabolismABSTRACT
Two groups of normotensive Sprague-Dawley rats were fed high fat diets (40% of calories derived from fat). One group received a diet high in polyunsaturated fat (corn oil 45% polyunsaturated), and the other a diet high in saturated fat (coconut oil). Growth rates were the same in both groups. Sodium transport was measured in isolated thymocytes from both groups. The rats fed the diet high in polyunsaturated fat had lower sodium efflux rate constants than those fed the diet high in saturated fat. The reduction was almost entirely confined to the ouabain-sensitive portion of sodium efflux. Sodium-lithium countertransport in isolated thymocytes and erythrocytes was the same for both groups.
Subject(s)
Dietary Fats/pharmacology , Lithium/metabolism , Sodium/metabolism , Thymus Gland/metabolism , Animals , Biological Transport, Active/drug effects , Lithium/blood , Rats , Rats, Inbred Strains , Sodium/bloodABSTRACT
A total of 1,900 lactose-fermenting bacteria were isolated from raw sewage influent and chlorinated sewage effluent from a sewage treatment plant, as well as from chlorinated and neutralized dilute sewage, before and after a 24-h regrowth period in the laboratory. Of these isolates, 84% were resistant to one or more antibiotics. Chlorination of influent resulted in an increase in the proportion of bacteria resistant to ampicillin and cephalothin, the increase being most marked after regrowth occurred following chlorination. Of the other nine antibiotics tested, chlorination resulted in an increased proportion of bacteria resistant to some, but a decrease in the proportion resistant to the remainder. Multiple resistance was found for up to nine antibiotics, especially in regrowth populations. Identification of about 5% of the isolates showed that the highest proportion of Escherichia coli fell in untreated sewage. Some rare and potentially pathogenic species were isolated from chlorinated and regrowth samples, including Yersinia enterocolitica, Yersinia pestis, Pasteurella multocida, and Hafnia alvei. Our results indicate that chlorination, while initially lowering the total number of bacteria in sewage, may substantially increase the proportions of antibiotic-resistant, potentially pathogenic organisms.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/antagonists & inhibitors , Bacteria/drug effects , Chlorine/pharmacology , Sewage , Water Microbiology , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Microbial Sensitivity TestsSubject(s)
Enzyme Precursors/blood , Nephrectomy , Renin/blood , Trypsin/pharmacology , Angiotensin II/blood , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Enzyme Activation , Female , Humans , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Kidney/metabolism , Male , Middle Aged , Molecular Weight , Trypsin/blood , Trypsin Inhibitors/pharmacologyABSTRACT
The aromatic amino acid-requiring mutant of Salmonella typhimurium aroD321 has a stable requirement for phenylalanine and tyrosine but is highly unstable in its requirement for tryptophan. Tryptophan requiring cells derived from this strain are themselves unstable and revert back to a requirement for only phenylalanine and tyrosine. This instability is cotransducible with the aroD region and is totally dependent on the presence of a rec+ gene in the cell. These observations are interpreted in terms of a gene duplicating and excising mechanism which is itself dependent upon the normal (rec+) recombinational ability of the cell.
