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1.
Mol Microbiol ; 39(5): 1382-94, 2001 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11251852

ABSTRACT

Translational regulation of the stationary phase sigma factor RpoS is mediated by the formation of a double-stranded RNA stem-loop structure in the upstream region of the rpoS messenger RNA, occluding the translation initiation site. The interaction of the rpoS mRNA with a small RNA, DsrA, disrupts the double-strand pairing and allows high levels of translation initiation. We screened a multicopy library of Escherichia coli DNA fragments for novel activators of RpoS translation when DsrA is absent. Clones carrying rprA (RpoS regulator RNA) increased the translation of RpoS. The rprA gene encodes a 106 nucleotide regulatory RNA. As with DsrA, RprA is predicted to form three stem-loops and is highly conserved in Salmonella and Klebsiella species. Thus, at least two small RNAs, DsrA and RprA, participate in the positive regulation of RpoS translation. Unlike DsrA, RprA does not have an extensive region of complementarity to the RpoS leader, leaving its mechanism of action unclear. RprA is non-essential. Mutations in the gene interfere with the induction of RpoS after osmotic shock when DsrA is absent, demonstrating a physiological role for RprA. The existence of two very different small RNA regulators of RpoS translation suggests that such additional regulatory RNAs are likely to exist, both for regulation of RpoS and for regulation of other important cellular components.


Subject(s)
Bacterial Proteins/genetics , Escherichia coli/metabolism , Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial , Protein Biosynthesis , RNA, Bacterial/genetics , Sigma Factor/genetics , Bacterial Proteins/metabolism , Base Sequence , Escherichia coli/genetics , Molecular Sequence Data , Mutation , Osmotic Pressure , Phenotype , RNA Stability , RNA, Bacterial/chemistry , RNA, Bacterial/metabolism , RNA, Small Untranslated , RNA, Untranslated/genetics , RNA, Untranslated/metabolism , Sequence Analysis, DNA , Sigma Factor/metabolism , Transcription, Genetic
2.
J Health Hum Serv Adm ; 22(3): 308-45, 2000.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11010125

ABSTRACT

The area of health care has been called the most important political issue of the 1990s. Attitudes toward health care reform, increasing health costs, and defensive medical practices have been examined in the public press and by academicians. In addition, a substantial amount of research has been directed toward the improvement of individual personal health due to changes in personal health-related habits and behaviors. To date, there are relatively few studies which have attempted to examine the political tendencies of a nationwide sample of respondents as they relate to personal health-related beliefs and behaviors. This article explores the consumer's views on critical questions relating to health orientations and political tendencies. The results indicate a divergence between the political orientations of respondents and their beliefs and behaviors associated with health and wellness. Implications for policy-makers are discussed.


Subject(s)
Attitude to Health , Health Behavior , Health Care Reform/legislation & jurisprudence , Politics , Adult , Aged , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Female , Health Care Surveys , Health Promotion , Humans , Life Style , Male , Middle Aged , Political Systems , Population Dynamics , Socioeconomic Factors , United States
3.
J Immunol ; 159(2): 976-82, 1997 Jul 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9218619

ABSTRACT

Endotoxin shock is a life-threatening syndrome associated with a Gram-negative infection and mediated by a systemic inflammatory response. As a major effector of inflammation, the complement system has been implicated in both the pathogenesis and the protection from endotoxin shock. To clarify the role of complement in endotoxin shock, we have used mice totally deficient in either complement component C3 or C4. We found that both the C3- and C4-deficient mice were significantly more sensitive to endotoxin than wild-type controls. The endotoxin-challenged complement-deficient mice failed to clear endotoxin efficiently from the circulation and this led to excess consumption of C1 inhibitor protein (C1 INH), a major regulator of both complement and the contact system of blood coagulation. Replacement of C1 INH rescued the endotoxin-challenged complement-deficient mice from shock and death. These findings suggest a novel therapy for treatment of endotoxemia with C1 INH protein.


Subject(s)
Complement C1 Inactivator Proteins/immunology , Complement C3/immunology , Complement C4/immunology , Shock, Septic/immunology , Animals , Complement C1 Inactivator Proteins/genetics , Complement C1 Inhibitor Protein , Complement C3/deficiency , Complement C3/genetics , Complement C4/deficiency , Complement C4/genetics , Disease Susceptibility , Mice , Mice, Mutant Strains , Shock, Septic/genetics
4.
Mark Health Serv ; 17(2): 30-8, 1997.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10170285

ABSTRACT

The authors address the following questions in a research study and propose six hypotheses: Does the desire for exuberant well-being, perceived threat to health, or a combination of both best explain wellness behavior? Threat is the stronger motivation for wellness behavior, followed closely by the desire for exuberant well-being. The authors present a thorough discussion of the implications of such findings for health care organization managers and marketers.


Subject(s)
Health Behavior , Health Promotion/organization & administration , Life Style , Marketing of Health Services/standards , Attitude to Health , Data Collection/methods , Humans , Models, Psychological , Psychological Tests , Surveys and Questionnaires , United States
5.
Am Ind Hyg Assoc J ; 37(9): 546-9, 1976 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1008037

ABSTRACT

Current practice in the design of exhaust hoods for low volume-high velocity exhaust systems is empirical and evaluation of performance is conducted at the completed installation. A procedure is described for laboratory evaluation of prototype hoods using a simulator in conjunction with a tracer aerosol.


Subject(s)
Ventilation , Air Pollution/prevention & control , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Industry
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