ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Purpose of insulin resistance (IR) adapted by mother is to deliver enough quantity of nutrients to the growing fetus. Many maternal hormones and factors play role in causation of IR during pregnancy. AIM: The study aims at evaluating IR at different trimesters of pregnancy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pregnant women at 1(st), 2(nd) and 3(rd) trimester were grouped into groups I, II and III respectively (n=20 in each group). Healthy non-pregnant women were taken as controls (n=30). Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and fasting serum insulin (FSI) were measured and IR indices such as fasting glucose to insulin ratio (FGIR), quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), log FSI and log HOMA1-IR were calculated. The student's t-test and one way Analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used for data analysis. RESULTS: The mean FSI, log FSI and log HOMA 1-IR were significantly higher in 2(nd) and 3(rd) trimesters while QUICKI was significantly lower in 2(nd) and 3(rd) trimesters of pregnancy when compared with controls. Also, mean FGIR was found to be significantly lower in 3rd trimester when compared with controls. CONCLUSION: As pregnancy advances, IR increases. Increased IR is associated with poor maternal and fetal outcome. Screening of all pregnancy for IR and early intervention may help to reduce the associated complications.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Sialic acid (SA) is a nine carbon sugar derived from mannosamine and pyruvate. High levels of sialic acid and aspartate transaminase (AST) levels in cerebrospinal fluid have been described in pyogenic meningitis (PM) compared to tubercular meningitis (TBM). OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the levels of CSF free SA in PM and TBM and to assess the correlation between CSF free SA and CSF glucose or total protein levels. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 122 subjects were studied and divided into children and adults. Further, these have been subdivided into controls, PM and TBM. CSF free SA was estimated by thiobarbituric acid assay of Warren and AST by Reitmann and Frankel method. RESULTS: CSF free SA and AST levels in children and adults were significantly high in PM (p<0.001) as compared to TBM and controls. CONCLUSION: A very high CSF free SA and AST were found to be characteristic of PM, making them useful parameters to differentiate PM from TBM.
