Evaluation of the Efficacy of Platelet-Rich Plasma Injections With and Without Microneedling for Managing Atrophic Facial Acne Scars: A Prospective Comparative Study.

Background and aim The majority of acne has the potential to transform into facial scars, which have a physical and psychological effect on the individual. There are plenty of treatment options to manage such scars. The aim of this study is to assess the comparative effect of the injection of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) alone, with that of the injection of PRP with microneedling, in the reduction of atrophic facial acne scars.  Methods A total of 30 participants were included in this study, divided into two groups (n = 15). Patients in Group I received intradermal injection of PRP only, and Group II included patients receiving intradermal injection of PRP with microneedling. The scar appearance was evaluated at baseline, after one, two, and three months using Goodman Baron's scar scale. The statistics were analysed using the Chi-square and Student's t-tests.  Results Patients in the PRP with microneedling group had lower acne scar scores on the Goodman Baron scale compared to those who received only PRP. The acne scores were statistically significant (p-value < 0.05) in the second and third months of treatment in Group II.  Conclusion The addition of microneedling to PRP has proven to be effective in the reduction of facial acne scars. However, different types of scars require different modalities of treatment, and the final decision lies in the hands of the operator and the requirements of the patients.

Myoepithelioma of the Palatal Minor Salivary Gland: A Case Report.

Myoepithelioma is an uncommon benign tumor of the orofacial region arising from the salivary glands. These tumors are composed of specifically myoepithelial cells lacking ductal differentiation and were initially considered as a type of pleomorphic adenoma. Though they commonly arise from the parotid gland, there are a few cases that emerge from the minor salivary glands of the palate and oral cavity. Myoepitheliomas resemble many other tumors arising from the palate including pleomorphic adenoma. This report depicts a case of myoepithelioma of the minor salivary gland of the palate in a 23-year-old patient and the successful management of the lesion.

Comparison of Pain Levels With Postoperative Intramuscular Administration of Single-Dose Ketoprofen Versus Diclofenac Sodium in Patients Undergoing Lower Third Molar Surgery.

Background Third molar surgeries are commonly performed in oral and maxillofacial surgery practice. Pain associated with this procedure is usually a frequent reason for patient apprehension and discomfort. Oral analgesics, though effective, do not provide sufficient pain relief in the immediate postoperative period.  Aim To assess the postoperative effect on pain levels of single-dose administration of ketoprofen and diclofenac sodium as an injection in patients undergoing third molar removal surgeries.  Methods This study was conducted among 30 patients divided into two groups (n=15). Patients in Group K received injection ketoprofen 100 mg and Group D included patients receiving injection diclofenac sodium 75 mg, both intramuscularly postoperatively. The intensity of pain was assessed at 30 minutes, two, six, and eight hours post-surgical removal of the impacted tooth using the visual analogue scale (VAS). The statistical data was analyzed using SPSS for Windows version 23.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). The comparative statistical test adopted to compare pain scores between the two groups was the Independent samples t-test. A p-value of <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results Our study results revealed that Group K patient's VAS scores after two hours, six hours, and eight hours were 3.9 ± 2.7, 4.5 ± 3.23, 2.93 ± 2.27 respectively. In Group D patient's VAS scores after two hours, six hours, and eight hours were 4.83 ± 2.82, 5.03 ± 2.9, 3.73 ± 2.91 respectively. Patients who were administered ketoprofen had lower pain levels when compared to patients who were given diclofenac but the difference was not statistically significant at any time point (p=0.172 after eight hours). Our results depicted that the pain levels uniformly reached their maximal levels six hours after the procedure and thereafter steadily declined in both groups.  Conclusion It can be concluded from the study that both the drugs ketoprofen and diclofenac sodium analyzed in this study can be used interchangeably for the reduction of pain following lower third molar surgery.

Multidisciplinary Approach to Patient-Specific Implants (PSIs): A Case Report and Review of Literature.

Orthodontic treatment often faces challenges in achieving proper anchorage. While orthodontic mini-implants have gained popularity, no universally accepted design and insertion protocol exists for these implants. However, their relatively modest failure rate indicates their clinical reliability. To address complex geometries in the maxilla and mandible, patient-specific implants (PSIs) have emerged as a solution. PSI is currently employed in various domains of oral and maxillofacial surgery like temporomandibular joint (TMJ), total joint replacement, reconstruction of the facial skeleton, and orthognathic surgery. PSI allows for the creation of customized implant fits, leading to shorter rehabilitation times. This case report presents a multidisciplinary approach involving oral surgery and orthodontics, specifically focusing on the design of PSI, surgical placement of PSI, and use of PSI in maxillary protraction in orthodontics. The report highlights the design process of designing PSI and emphasizes its role in orthodontic treatment. By incorporating PSI as a temporary anchorage device (TAD), enhanced stability, precise control over tooth movement, and accurate repositioning of jaws can be achieved. The collaborative effort between orthodontists and oral surgeons is crucial in integrating PSI into the overall treatment plan. Despite the higher costs associated with PSI, their numerous advantages outweigh these drawbacks. PSI plays a vital role in providing enhanced stability, appropriate treatment plan, and achieving desired treatment in orthodontic and oral surgery procedures.

A Rare Case of Cemento-Ossifying Fibroma: A Case Report.

Benign fibro-osseous lesions are a group of pathological conditions characterized by the replacement of normal bone with cellular fibrous connective tissue that undergoes mineralization. The most common types of benign fibro-osseous lesions include fibrous dysplasia, ossifying fibroma, and osseous dysplasia. However, diagnosing these lesions can be challenging due to their overlapping clinical, radiological, and histological features, which can cause a diagnostic dilemma for surgeons, radiologists, and pathologists. One rare type of benign fibro-osseous lesion is the cemento-ossifying fibroma (COF), which is a definitive form of a benign fibro-osseous tumor that affects the craniofacial region, particularly the jaws (70%). Here, we present a case of COF in a 61-year-old female patient in the maxillary anterior region. Due to a clear distinction between the lesion and healthy bone, the lesion was treated with conservative surgical excision followed by curettage and primary closure. However, differential diagnosis of COF can be highly challenging for clinicians due to its overlapping features with other fibro-osseous lesions like Paget's disease and fibrous dysplasia. Ossifying fibroma and fibrous dysplasia often present a histopathological, clinical, and radiological overlap. The post-operative follow-up after eight months was unpredictable, with a radiological picture showing the increased thickness of the frontal bone, parietal bone, and maxilla with obliteration of marrow spaces, alteration of the trabecular pattern with a cotton wool/ground glass appearance, and reduced maxillary sinus space. Proper evaluation and diagnosis of fibro-osseous lesions are necessary before arriving at a final conclusion. Cemento-ossifying fibroma in the maxillofacial skeleton is uncommon, and after eight months, the recurrence rate is rare. This case highlights the importance of considering COF as a differential diagnosis for fibro-osseous lesions in the maxillofacial region and the necessity for proper evaluation and diagnosis to determine the appropriate treatment plan and prognosis. In summary, the diagnosis of benign fibro-osseous lesions can be challenging due to their overlapping features, but early diagnosis and proper evaluation are essential for successful treatment outcomes. COF is a rare type of benign fibro-osseous lesion where other fibro-osseous lesions in the maxillofacial region should be considered as a differential diagnosis, and the necessary steps should be taken to confirm the diagnosis before arriving at a final conclusion.

Comparison of Efficacy of Coumarin and Chymotrypsin/Trypsin in Patients Undergoing Surgical Removal of Lower Third Molars: A Prospective Study.

Background Third-molar surgeries are very commonly done by oral and maxillofacial surgeons. Pain and swelling that is associated with this procedure is a frequent reason for the patient's discomfort and apprehension. There is a need to look for a drug that can substantially reduce postoperative swelling amongst the patients. Pain, swelling, and trismus are common complications that are encountered after third molar surgery. These complications have a major impact on the quality of life of patients undergoing minor surgical procedures. Aim The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of coumarin and trypsin/chymotrypsin in the reduction of postoperative sequelae for mandibular third molar surgeries. Materials and methods The research was carried out at Saveetha Dental College and Hospital in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. The study consisted of 50 individuals, 25 individuals received tablets of coumarin, and 25 individuals received tablets containing a combination of trypsin/chymotrypsin postoperatively. Patients were evaluated postoperatively for pain and swelling. Postoperative pain was measured on days one, three, and seven after surgery using a visual analog scale. The postoperative swelling was measured on postoperative days three and day seven via a four-point technique. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 23 (Released 2015; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States). P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. The independent samples t-test was used to compare the outcomes between the two groups. Results It was found that study participants in the trypsin/chymotrypsin group reported statistically significantly less pain postoperatively than participants receiving coumarin (p=0.001). There was more reduction in swelling postoperatively in patients who were given trypsin/chymotrypsin as compared to the participants who were given coumarin, and the results were statistically significant. Conclusion Based on the data obtained, it can be inferred that the trypsin/chymotrypsin combination was more effective in reducing postoperative sequelae like pain and swelling than coumarin in the mandibular third molar surgeries.