[Bilateral stenting for malignant tracheal and bronchial stenosis]. / Bilateral'noe stentirovanie opukholevogo stenoza trakhei i glavnykh bronkhov: pervyi opyt (klinicheskoe nablyudenie).

Malignant lesions of tracheal bifurcation usually lead to respiratory failure and risk of mortality. Airway stenting is the only minimally invasive method for these patients. The authors present a patient with T4N3M0 left-sided lung cancer (inoperable stage IIIc) complicated by respiratory failure due to tracheal bifurcation obstruction. Bilateral stenting by self-expanding stents with perforated coatings was effective for airway recanalization and provided subsequent chemotherapy.

Mare's Milk: Composition, Properties, and Application in Medicine.

Mare's milk is a highly valuable organic substance that has a great potential to replace cow's milk. Consumption of cow's milk causes digestive disorders in some individuals. Immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated cow's milk allergy (CMA) is one of the most common food allergies among infants. Therefore, finding a protein substitute with the same nutritional value is a priority. Mare's milk can be a good substitute for cow's milk, especially for those suffering from CMA. Prerequisites for this study were the recent interest in mare's milk, as an ancient relic of the Turkic peoples which contains lots of nutrients. The present study aimed to systematize relevant information on the composition of mare's milk and its application in medicine. Google Scholar, PubMed, Cochrane, Elsevier, CyberLeninka were employed for a comprehensive literature search. The searched keywords for this study were mare's milk, saumal, composition, properties, use in medicine. A total of 77 sources were selected for reviewing the literature. Most sources were in English, except for one of the bottom 40 sources published in the last 10 years. Among the milk of many mammalian species, mare's milk is chemically similar to human milk so it can be used as a substitute. It is also used to feed people with various health conditions, especially in patients at risk, or suffering from tuberculosis, hepatitis C, psoriasis, and various types of immunodeficiency. The present study describes the rich composition, antibacterial and antiviral properties of mare's milk. A review of the literature revealed that mare's milk is an excellent thirst quencher, and has valuable nutrients necessary for the human body which is by no means inferior to human milk.

[Method of surgical treatment of patients with combined pathological tortuosity of the common and internal carotid arteries]. / Sposob khirurgicheskogo lecheniia bol'nykh s sochetaniem patologicheskoi izvitosti obshchei i vnutrennei sonnoi arterii.

Pathological tortuosity of the internal carotid artery ranks next to atherosclerosis amongst causes leading to development of ischaemic strokes. In some patients pathological tortuosity of the internal carotid artery is combined with pathological kinking of the common carotid artery. Existing methods of surgical treatment for such concomitant pathology include stegewise elimination of kinking of the internal then common carotid artery, with two anastomoses sequentially formed, thus increasing the overall duration of arterial cross-clamping an prolonging cerebral ischaemia. Another method consists of resection of the common carotid artery with bringing down its bifurcation, restoration of straightness of the internal carotid artery, and formation of an end-to-end anastomosis. The second technique is often associated with technical requirement for ligation of the external carotid artery. In the presence of prolonged atherosclerotic lesions of the bifurcation of the internal and external carotid arteries, this method does not always allow carrying out adequate endarterectomy and fix the intima of the internal carotid artery distal to the bifurcation. The authors developed a method of surgical treatment of patients with a combination of pathological kinking of carotid arteries, providing herein a detailed description of the procedure of performing an operation according to an original technique. The proposed method of reconstruction makes it possible to eliminate pathological kinking of the common and internal carotid arteries in single cross-clamping of vessels, to preserve patency of the external carotid artery and in the presence of an atherosclerotic lesion of the bifurcation to perform adequate endarterectomy. Over the period from 2015 to 2019, a total of 10 patients were operated on according to this technique at the Municipal Vascular Centre of Samara, with no postoperative complications observed. The proposed technique of a reconstructive operation may be effectively used in patients with cerebral ischaemia in concomitant pathological kinking of the common and internal carotid arteries.

[Surgical treatment of an extracranial aneurysm of the internal carotid artery]. / Khirurgicheskoe lechenie anevrizmy ékstrakranial'nogo otdela vnutrennei sonnoi arterii.

Extracranial carotid artery aneurysms belong to uncommon and dangerous vascular diseases. Reported herein are the results of successive surgical treatment of a patient presenting with an extracranial aneurysm of the internal carotid artery. Given anatomical peculiarities (large dimensions of the aneurysm, tortuosity of the internal carotid artery), it was decided to perform resection of the aneurysm with an end-to-end anastomosis established. The patient examined at 12 months postoperatively was found to be free from the syncopal states, with no restenosis of the zone of the anastomosis revealed. The chosen therapeutic policy provided effective prevention from the development of ischaemic stroke and aneurysmal rupture, as well as improved the patient's quality of life. An open reconstructive operation is an optimal method of treatment of patients presenting with extracranial carotid artery aneurysms.

[Modern problems and main ways of imorovement of disinfecting art in Armed Forces].

The article states the reasons defining the high relevance and significance of disinfection measures in modern conditions, reports general and specific problems of ensuring disinfection during medical service day-to-day activities. The directions of development of chemical and technical disinfectants and methods for'their use on different objects and under various climatic conditions are determined. It was shown that the crucial condition for implementation of theoretical and practical ways of improving disinfection affairs is a comprehensive approach based on concerted efforts of all authorities of Russian Armed Forces Medical Services, research and sanitary-epidemiological institutions, as well as relevant chars of the Military Medical Academy in close cooperation with representatives of domestic industry.

Assessment of primary radical hysterectomy and neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical hysterectomy in Stage IB2, IIA bulky cervical cancer.

OBJECTIVE: Uncertainty concerning the treatment of Stage IB2-IIA (bulky) cervical cancer is still continuing. In this study, an analysis of Stage IB2-IIA (bulky) cervical cancer was performed. The efficacy of primary radical surgery and neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by a radical surgery was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Medical data of 50 patients who were diagnosed with Stage 1B2-IIA (bulky) cervical cancer and treated between 2002-2009 were retrospectively assessed. In the radical surgery group, radical hysterectomy + bilateral pelvic + para-aortic lymphadenectomy were performed. In the neoadjuvant chemotherapy group, a combination of cisplatin/topotecan or paclitaxel/carboplatin was given to the patients and then radical surgery was performed. Each group was evaluated individually. Prognostic factors were determined and survival rates were compared between the groups. Ap value was taken < 0.05 for the statistical significance level for all results. RESULTS: Radical surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy was performed in 21 and primary radical surgery in 29 patients. Median follow-up time was 36.0 +/- 14.0 months. Average of the tumor size before treatment was 50.2 +/- 7.6 mm. In the radical surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy group, lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) and tumor size (before and after treatment) were determined to be significant factors for each of disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). On multivariate analysis, tumor size (before treatment) was found to be an independent prognostic factor for both of DFS (p = 0.006) and OS (p = 0.010). No significant difference in survival periods was observed among the groups. CONCLUSION: There was no significant superiority among the two treatment options. Nonetheless, further studies are needed to compare the multimodal approaches in these stages of cervical cancer.

[THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF MICRONIZED MEBENDAZOLE IN THE MUSCULAR PHASE OF EXPERIMENTAL TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS INVASION IN ALBINO MICE].

The incidence of trichinosis in Russia was 0.07 per 100,000 population in 2014, which was 2.9-fold higher than that in 2013. Two WHO recommended medications mebendazole and albendazole are now used to treat humari trichinosis. The drugs are active against only mature helminths and non-encysted muscle larvae. The original oil suspension of micronized mebendazole was.found to have 100% efficacy against trichinosis in albino mice in the late muscular phase (encysted larvae) of hyperinvasion after intensive therapy under lifetime diagnostic guidance during and after a treatment cycle. The lifetime diagnostic method used to evaluate the larvicidal activity of anti-trichinosis agents in animals with experimental trichinosis revealed the signs of viaility, established a trend for deatih of Trichinella larvae, and determined their destructive changes.

Mature cystic teratoma of the fallopian tube.

Teratoma of the fallopian tube (cystic or solid) is a rarely encountered tumour and, to date, only 73 cases have been reported in the literature. A comprehensive review has not been done since 1972, when Mazzarella and colleagues reviewed 44 cases of tubal teratomas. This situation has prompted us to survey the literature to update the data on tubal teratoma cases. The majority of the tumours were benign. The tumour was cystic in nature in 50 cases. Patients' ages ranged between 17 and 67 years. None of them was diagnosed preoperatively. Half of the tumours were ≤ 5 cm, whereas the other half were > 5 cm in diameter. About two-thirds of the patients were associated with two or fewer gravidity. To the best of our knowledge, the present case included in our paper is the first tubal cystic teratoma reported from Turkey.

[The post-discectomy syndrome: clinical and electroneuromyographic characteristics and methods of treatment].

The data of the Azerbaijan Neurosurgical Center, including 2618 case-reports of patients operated on for low back discal hernia between 1997 and 2002, have been analyzed. The retrospective analysis of the data reveals that 26,4% of patients need further restorative treatment due to the presence of various neurological disturbances: pain syndromes of different intensity, motor deficits (pareses), sensory disorders and functional disorders of pelvic organs. The retrospective analysis of the data reveals that 26,4% of patients need further restorative treatment due to the presence of various neurological disturbances: pain syndromes of different intensity, motor deficits (pareses), sensory disorders and functional disorders of pelvic organs. Along with these data, the results of our own clinical and neurophysiological study of 110 patients have been summarized as well. Along with these data, the results of our own clinical and neurophysiological study of 110 patients have been summarized as well. A high effectiveness of electrostimulation and naphthalan therapy alone and in combination with massage and medical gymnastics has been revealed. A high effectiveness of electrostimulation and naphthalan therapy alone and in combination with massage and medical gymnastics has been revealed. Electroneuromyographic data revealing the positive dynamics as a result of the treatment of patients with the post-discectomy syndrome are presented. Electroneuromyographic data revealing the positive dynamics as a result of the treatment of patients with the post-discectomy syndrome are presented.

[Pelotherapy of patients with diabetic poloyneuropathy: a clinical-immunological study].

Clinical presentations, stage of disease, therapeutic efficacy and parameters of humoral and cell immunity were studied in 91 patients with diabetic poloyneuropathy (DP) receiving pelotherapy. It was shown that changes both in cellular and humoral links were increased depending on DP stage. Pelotherapy led to the regress of basic objective and subjective manifestations of DP in all stages of disease. The immunocorrective effect of the treatment was revealed.

[Effects of solar activity on some demographic indices and morbidity in Azerbaijan with reference to A. L. Chizhevsky's theory].

A.L. Chizhevsky has developed a conception about influence of cosmophysical factors on population birth, morbidity and mortality rates. This influence was studied in population of Azerbaijan according to data for 1930-2000. The analysis of demographic data and cardiovascular, psychoneurological, oncological, bronchopulmonary and infection disease morbidity with Wolfs curve has established synchronism of the above indices with cycles of solar activity (about 11 years).

[Quality of life of neurological patients during therapy and rehabilitation].

A total of 198 neurological patients on physiotherapeutic rehabilitation participated in a questionnaire survey on their quality of life. The patients had diabetic polyneuropathy (n = 86), disorders in spinal blood circulation (n = 65), 47 patients were operated for discal hernia of the lumbar spine. It was found that all the responders suffer from physical, psychological, emotional and social sequelae of their diseases which deteriorate their quality of life. The severity of this deterioration depends on the form and stage of the disease, motor and sensitive disturbances. Rehabilitation improved subjective response, social, psychological and emotional parameters. Thus, the proposed questionnaires proved valid for assessment of physiotherapy efficacy in neurological patients.

[Influence of (460 MHz) electromagnetic fields on the induced lipid peroxidation in the structures of visual analyzer and hypothalamus in experimental animals].

Changes in the intensity of ascorbate- and NADPN2-dependent induced lipid peroxidation (LPO) were studied in exposure of the visual analyzer and hypothalamus of 3- and 12-month-old rats to radiation with microwaves of high and low intensity. The exposure to microwaves of high intensity stimulated basal LPO but suppressed activity of LPO-inducing systems. This suggests disturbances in the activity of different sources of active oxygen forms. Microwaves of low intensity activated systems of induced LPO. This is accompanied with synchronous activity of the antioxidant defense system maintaining a normal oxidation-reduction balance of the cell. The conclusion is that, depending on their intensity, microwaves can be either beneficial to health or be a factor of oxidative stress.

[Naphthalan effects on phagocytic processes in peritoneal macrophages in secondary immunodeficiency].

Effects of naphthalan on the number of peritoneal macrophages and phagocytic processes were studied in vitro and in cyclophosphamide-induced immunodeficiency in white mice. In vitro, naphthalan increased the number of peritoneal macrophages and stimulated their functional processes. In conditions of secondary immunodeficiency the number of naphthalan applications correlated with an increase in quantitative and functional parameters of macrophagal immunity. Thus, naphthalan has an immunocorrective effects on phagocytic processes.

[Gunshot injuries of peripheral nervous system: the questions of classification and diagnostics]. / Ognestrel'nye travmy perifericheskoi nervnoi sistemy: voprosy klassifikatsii i diagnostiki.

Two hundreds and sixty-seven patients with gunshot injuries of 394 nerves and plexus underwent clinical and electromyographic investigation and H-reflex evaluation as well. Based on the results of the data obtained, 3 types of nerves trunk injuries: neuroapraxia, axonothmesis and neurothmesis, were identified. The reduction of biopotential amplitude and synergic muscular activity, decrease of impulse conduction velocities (ICVeff--up to 30%), M-response amplitude (up to 50% and more) and motor units functioning were characteristic of neuroapraxia of nerve trunks. Axonothmesis of nerve trunks featured by the reduction of the amplitude and frequency of muscular biopotentials, decrease of its synergic activity, marked reduction of ICVeff (30--60%), rough fall of M-response amplitude and motor units functioning. In neurothmesis of nerve trunks, "bioelectrical silence" and disappearance of synergic muscular activity as well as an absence of M-response of denervated muscles were observed. An evaluation of monosynaptic reflex has a substantial significance for the determination of the level of low extremities injuries.

[Pro- and antioxidant effect of electromagnetic fields of extremely high frequency (460 MHz) on brain tissues in experiment]. / Pro- i antioksidantnoe deistvie élektromagnitnykh polei sverkhvysokoi chastoty (460 MGtz) na tkani mozga v éksperimente.

The article concerns biological effects of non-ionized electromagnetic irradiation which is considered in modern world as a serious ecological factor. Influence of decimetric microwave irradiation (460 MHz) on free radical processes in the rat brain tissues--visual cortex and hypothalamus--were investigated. Oxidative effects of both lipid peroxidation and specific activity of glutathione reductase were determined. It is shown that whole body irradiation for up to 4 weeks results in considerable changes of the above indices dependent on the irradiation intensity and age of the animals. Decimetric microwaves have oxidant effects at high intensity irradiation (SAR--15 mW/kg), while these effects are antioxidant at low intensity (SAR--5 mW/kg). Physiological implications of different oxidative metabolic responses of the hypothalamus and the cortex to microwaves irradiation are discussed.

The use of pulsed electromagnetic fields with complex modulation in the treatment of patients with diabetic polyneuropathy.

Clinical and electroneuromyographic studies were performed in 121 patients with diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) before and after courses of treatment with pulsed electromagnetic fields with complex modulation (PEMF-CM) at different frequencies (100 and 10 Hz). Testing of patients using the TSS and NIS LL scales demonstrated a correlation between the severity and frequency of the main subjective and objective effects of disease and the stage of DPN. The severity of changes in the segmental-peripheral neuromotor apparatus--decreases in muscle bioelectrical activity, the impulse conduction rate along efferent fibers of peripheral nerves, and the amplitude of the maximum M response--depended on the stage of DPN and the duration of diabetes mellitus. The earliest and most significant electroneuromyographic signs of DPN were found to be decreases in the amplitude of the H reflex and the Hmax/Mmax ratio in the muscles of the lower leg. Application of PEMF-CM facilitated regression of the main clinical symptoms of DPN, improved the conductive function of peripheral nerves, improved the state of la afferents, and improved the reflex excitability of functionally diverse motoneurons in the spinal cord. PEMF-CM at 10 Hz was found to have therapeutic efficacy, especially in the initial stages of DPN and in patients with diabetes mellitus for up to 10 years.

[Application of impulse complex modulated electromagnetic fields in management of patients with diabetic polyneuropathy]. / Primenenie impul'snykh slozhnomodulirovannykh élektromagnitnykh polei v lechenii bol'nykh s diabeticheskoi polinevropatiei.

One hundred and twenty-one patients with diabetic polyneuropathy (DP) underwent a clinical and electroneuromyographic investigation before and after treatment with impulse complex modulated electromagnetic fields (ICM EMF) of varying frequency (100 and 10 Hz). Based on TSS and NIS LL scale tests, a correlation between the progression and occurrence of the basic subjective and objective signs of the disease and a DP stage was revealed. The alterations of segmental and peripheral neuromotor system manifesting in reduction of muscular bioelectrical activity, impulse conduction velocities in efferent fibers of peripheral nerves and maximal M-response amplitude were found to be related to DP stage and diabetes mellitus duration. A decrease of H-reflex amplitude and Hmax/Mmax ratio measured in crural muscles proved to be the earliest and most significant electroneuromyographic DP trait. ICM EMF application promotes a regression of DP basic clinical symptoms, an improvement of conduction function of peripheral nerves and 1a afferents state as well as a reflex excitability of functionally different spinal motoneurons. Therapeutic efficacy of a 10 Hz ICM EMF, particularly for DP primary stages and diabetes mellitus up to 10-year duration, was proved.