[The post-discectomy syndrome: clinical and electroneuromyographic characteristics and methods of treatment].

The data of the Azerbaijan Neurosurgical Center, including 2618 case-reports of patients operated on for low back discal hernia between 1997 and 2002, have been analyzed. The retrospective analysis of the data reveals that 26,4% of patients need further restorative treatment due to the presence of various neurological disturbances: pain syndromes of different intensity, motor deficits (pareses), sensory disorders and functional disorders of pelvic organs. The retrospective analysis of the data reveals that 26,4% of patients need further restorative treatment due to the presence of various neurological disturbances: pain syndromes of different intensity, motor deficits (pareses), sensory disorders and functional disorders of pelvic organs. Along with these data, the results of our own clinical and neurophysiological study of 110 patients have been summarized as well. Along with these data, the results of our own clinical and neurophysiological study of 110 patients have been summarized as well. A high effectiveness of electrostimulation and naphthalan therapy alone and in combination with massage and medical gymnastics has been revealed. A high effectiveness of electrostimulation and naphthalan therapy alone and in combination with massage and medical gymnastics has been revealed. Electroneuromyographic data revealing the positive dynamics as a result of the treatment of patients with the post-discectomy syndrome are presented. Electroneuromyographic data revealing the positive dynamics as a result of the treatment of patients with the post-discectomy syndrome are presented.

[Pelotherapy of patients with diabetic poloyneuropathy: a clinical-immunological study].

Clinical presentations, stage of disease, therapeutic efficacy and parameters of humoral and cell immunity were studied in 91 patients with diabetic poloyneuropathy (DP) receiving pelotherapy. It was shown that changes both in cellular and humoral links were increased depending on DP stage. Pelotherapy led to the regress of basic objective and subjective manifestations of DP in all stages of disease. The immunocorrective effect of the treatment was revealed.

[Effects of solar activity on some demographic indices and morbidity in Azerbaijan with reference to A. L. Chizhevsky's theory].

A.L. Chizhevsky has developed a conception about influence of cosmophysical factors on population birth, morbidity and mortality rates. This influence was studied in population of Azerbaijan according to data for 1930-2000. The analysis of demographic data and cardiovascular, psychoneurological, oncological, bronchopulmonary and infection disease morbidity with Wolfs curve has established synchronism of the above indices with cycles of solar activity (about 11 years).

[Quality of life of neurological patients during therapy and rehabilitation].

A total of 198 neurological patients on physiotherapeutic rehabilitation participated in a questionnaire survey on their quality of life. The patients had diabetic polyneuropathy (n = 86), disorders in spinal blood circulation (n = 65), 47 patients were operated for discal hernia of the lumbar spine. It was found that all the responders suffer from physical, psychological, emotional and social sequelae of their diseases which deteriorate their quality of life. The severity of this deterioration depends on the form and stage of the disease, motor and sensitive disturbances. Rehabilitation improved subjective response, social, psychological and emotional parameters. Thus, the proposed questionnaires proved valid for assessment of physiotherapy efficacy in neurological patients.

[Influence of (460 MHz) electromagnetic fields on the induced lipid peroxidation in the structures of visual analyzer and hypothalamus in experimental animals].

Changes in the intensity of ascorbate- and NADPN2-dependent induced lipid peroxidation (LPO) were studied in exposure of the visual analyzer and hypothalamus of 3- and 12-month-old rats to radiation with microwaves of high and low intensity. The exposure to microwaves of high intensity stimulated basal LPO but suppressed activity of LPO-inducing systems. This suggests disturbances in the activity of different sources of active oxygen forms. Microwaves of low intensity activated systems of induced LPO. This is accompanied with synchronous activity of the antioxidant defense system maintaining a normal oxidation-reduction balance of the cell. The conclusion is that, depending on their intensity, microwaves can be either beneficial to health or be a factor of oxidative stress.

[Naphthalan effects on phagocytic processes in peritoneal macrophages in secondary immunodeficiency].

Effects of naphthalan on the number of peritoneal macrophages and phagocytic processes were studied in vitro and in cyclophosphamide-induced immunodeficiency in white mice. In vitro, naphthalan increased the number of peritoneal macrophages and stimulated their functional processes. In conditions of secondary immunodeficiency the number of naphthalan applications correlated with an increase in quantitative and functional parameters of macrophagal immunity. Thus, naphthalan has an immunocorrective effects on phagocytic processes.

[Gunshot injuries of peripheral nervous system: the questions of classification and diagnostics]. / Ognestrel'nye travmy perifericheskoi nervnoi sistemy: voprosy klassifikatsii i diagnostiki.

Two hundreds and sixty-seven patients with gunshot injuries of 394 nerves and plexus underwent clinical and electromyographic investigation and H-reflex evaluation as well. Based on the results of the data obtained, 3 types of nerves trunk injuries: neuroapraxia, axonothmesis and neurothmesis, were identified. The reduction of biopotential amplitude and synergic muscular activity, decrease of impulse conduction velocities (ICVeff--up to 30%), M-response amplitude (up to 50% and more) and motor units functioning were characteristic of neuroapraxia of nerve trunks. Axonothmesis of nerve trunks featured by the reduction of the amplitude and frequency of muscular biopotentials, decrease of its synergic activity, marked reduction of ICVeff (30--60%), rough fall of M-response amplitude and motor units functioning. In neurothmesis of nerve trunks, "bioelectrical silence" and disappearance of synergic muscular activity as well as an absence of M-response of denervated muscles were observed. An evaluation of monosynaptic reflex has a substantial significance for the determination of the level of low extremities injuries.

[Pro- and antioxidant effect of electromagnetic fields of extremely high frequency (460 MHz) on brain tissues in experiment]. / Pro- i antioksidantnoe deistvie élektromagnitnykh polei sverkhvysokoi chastoty (460 MGtz) na tkani mozga v éksperimente.

The article concerns biological effects of non-ionized electromagnetic irradiation which is considered in modern world as a serious ecological factor. Influence of decimetric microwave irradiation (460 MHz) on free radical processes in the rat brain tissues--visual cortex and hypothalamus--were investigated. Oxidative effects of both lipid peroxidation and specific activity of glutathione reductase were determined. It is shown that whole body irradiation for up to 4 weeks results in considerable changes of the above indices dependent on the irradiation intensity and age of the animals. Decimetric microwaves have oxidant effects at high intensity irradiation (SAR--15 mW/kg), while these effects are antioxidant at low intensity (SAR--5 mW/kg). Physiological implications of different oxidative metabolic responses of the hypothalamus and the cortex to microwaves irradiation are discussed.

The use of pulsed electromagnetic fields with complex modulation in the treatment of patients with diabetic polyneuropathy.

Clinical and electroneuromyographic studies were performed in 121 patients with diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) before and after courses of treatment with pulsed electromagnetic fields with complex modulation (PEMF-CM) at different frequencies (100 and 10 Hz). Testing of patients using the TSS and NIS LL scales demonstrated a correlation between the severity and frequency of the main subjective and objective effects of disease and the stage of DPN. The severity of changes in the segmental-peripheral neuromotor apparatus--decreases in muscle bioelectrical activity, the impulse conduction rate along efferent fibers of peripheral nerves, and the amplitude of the maximum M response--depended on the stage of DPN and the duration of diabetes mellitus. The earliest and most significant electroneuromyographic signs of DPN were found to be decreases in the amplitude of the H reflex and the Hmax/Mmax ratio in the muscles of the lower leg. Application of PEMF-CM facilitated regression of the main clinical symptoms of DPN, improved the conductive function of peripheral nerves, improved the state of la afferents, and improved the reflex excitability of functionally diverse motoneurons in the spinal cord. PEMF-CM at 10 Hz was found to have therapeutic efficacy, especially in the initial stages of DPN and in patients with diabetes mellitus for up to 10 years.

[Application of impulse complex modulated electromagnetic fields in management of patients with diabetic polyneuropathy]. / Primenenie impul'snykh slozhnomodulirovannykh élektromagnitnykh polei v lechenii bol'nykh s diabeticheskoi polinevropatiei.

One hundred and twenty-one patients with diabetic polyneuropathy (DP) underwent a clinical and electroneuromyographic investigation before and after treatment with impulse complex modulated electromagnetic fields (ICM EMF) of varying frequency (100 and 10 Hz). Based on TSS and NIS LL scale tests, a correlation between the progression and occurrence of the basic subjective and objective signs of the disease and a DP stage was revealed. The alterations of segmental and peripheral neuromotor system manifesting in reduction of muscular bioelectrical activity, impulse conduction velocities in efferent fibers of peripheral nerves and maximal M-response amplitude were found to be related to DP stage and diabetes mellitus duration. A decrease of H-reflex amplitude and Hmax/Mmax ratio measured in crural muscles proved to be the earliest and most significant electroneuromyographic DP trait. ICM EMF application promotes a regression of DP basic clinical symptoms, an improvement of conduction function of peripheral nerves and 1a afferents state as well as a reflex excitability of functionally different spinal motoneurons. Therapeutic efficacy of a 10 Hz ICM EMF, particularly for DP primary stages and diabetes mellitus up to 10-year duration, was proved.

[A clinico-thermographic assessment of the efficacy of naphthalan therapy in patients with diabetic microangiopathies of the lower extremities]. / Kliniko-teplovizionnaia otsenka éffektivnosti naftalanoterapii u bol'nykh s diabeticheskimi mikroangiopatiiami nizhnikh konechnostei.

Naphthalan was applied in 58 patients with diabetic microangiopathy of the lower limbs. Clinical and infra-red imaging proved high effectiveness of the treatment as naphthalan relieved symptoms of diabetic microangiopathy by means of correction of microcirculation and peripheral blood flow. Infra-red imaging showed that exercise and single procedure tests are able to give prognosis of the treatment effect. The success of naphthalan therapy is very important as microangiopathy of the lower limbs underlies serious complications in diabetics.

[Bioelectrostimulation in the rehabilitation of patients with gunshot wounds of the peripheral nervous system (a clinico-immunological study)]. / Bioélektrostimuliatsiia v reabilitatsii bol'nykh s ognestrel'nymi raneniiami perifericheskoi nervnoi sistemy (kliniko-immunologicheskoe issledovanie).

Immune homeostasis was studied in 35 patients with gunshot injuries of the peripheral nerves in the process of rehabilitation using bioelectrostimulation of the muscles impaired. Parameters of cellular and humoral immunity were determined. Bioelectrostimulation resulted in the regression of preexisting motor, sensitive, vegetovascular and trophic disorders. Cellular and humoral immunity improved: the number of T-lymphocytes, T-helpers, T-suppressors increased, the immunoregulatory index normalized, levels of B-lymphocytes, immunoglobulins G, circulating immune complexes reduced. Thus, bioelectrostimulation in patients with gunshot injuries of the peripheral nerves corrects the disturbed homeostasis and promotes recovery of the functions lost.

[Excitability of spinal alpha-motoneurons in gunshot injuries of nervous trunks of lower limbs in patients in rehabilitation]. / Vozbudimost' spinal'nykh alfa-motoneuronov u bol'nykh s ognestrel'nymi porazheniiami nervnykh stvolov nizhnikh konechnostei v protsesse reabilitatsii.

Excitability of functionally different alpha-motoneurons was studied in 62 patients with gunshot injuries of nervous trunks of lower extremities both before and during process of rehabilitation by means of physical factors. The correlation of reactions of spinal cord motoneurons and the degree of injuries of nervous trunks was observed. Neuroapraxia of nervous trunks was accompanied by multidirectional alterations in reflex activity of large and small alpha-motoneurons. It was depressed in axonothermesis and lost in simultaneous full anatomic interruption of ischiatic nerve and trunks of both fibular and tibial nerves. Under influence of physical factors the function of motoneurons was normalized in neuroapraxia and was improved in axonothermesis of nervous trunks.

[The naphthalan therapy of patients with gunshot trauma to the peripheral nervous system]. / Naftalanoterapiia bol'nykh s ognestrel'nymi travmami perifericheskoi nervnoi sistemy.

Naphthalan therapy was given to 48 patients with gun-shot injuries of peripheral nervous system. Clinico-electrophysiological assessment stated a regress of motor, sensitivity, vegetovascular and trophic damage after a course of naphthalan therapy, enhancement of regeneration, reinnervation, stimulation of repair in impaired nervous-muscular structures.