ABSTRACT
The curvature of the nasal septum (NS) is one of the most widespread deformations of the facial skeleton. The objective of the present study was to substantiate the principles of and develop the rationale for the surgical correction and conservative treatment of this condition based on the morphological features of various types of deflection of the nasal septum. We have undertaken the morphological analysis of the osseous and cartilaginous structures determining the type and the shape of the curvature of the nasal septum together with the clinical analysis of different morphological variants of the deflection of the nasal septum making use of the R. Mladina classification. Type I-IV vertical deflections are regarded as the acquired deformities whereas type II deviations can just as well be congenital malformations. Types V and VI deflections can be a consequence of the birth injury resulting in the displacement of the nasal structures and leading to the curvature of the nasal septum. The authors describe the defects in the anatomical structures adjoining the nasal cavity associated with various types of the deflection of the nasal septum that the surgeons should take into account when planning and performing septoplasty.
Subject(s)
Nasal Septum , Nose Deformities, Acquired , Rhinoplasty/methods , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Nasal Septum/abnormalities , Nasal Septum/diagnostic imaging , Nasal Septum/surgery , Nose Deformities, Acquired/classification , Nose Deformities, Acquired/pathology , Nose Deformities, Acquired/physiopathology , Nose Deformities, Acquired/surgery , Patient Care Planning , Patient Selection , RussiaABSTRACT
The ultrastructure of macrophages detected in rats after subcutaneous implantation of the dispersed allogenic Alloplant biomaterial was studied. It was found that with the Alloplant biomaterial implantation the conditions were created promoting the concentration and complete maturation of different macrophage subpopulations. Their functional activity and interaction with other cellular populations result in complete regeneration of the connective tissue. The data obtained confirm the concept of main regulatory role of macrophages in the intercellular interactions during tissue repair and support the hypothesis of bicomponent mechanism of collagen fiber formation in the place of the Alloplant biomaterial implantation.
Subject(s)
Biocompatible Materials , Connective Tissue/physiology , Macrophages/ultrastructure , Animals , Cell Differentiation , Collagen/metabolism , Collagen/ultrastructure , Foreign-Body Reaction/pathology , Microscopy, Electron, Transmission , Prostheses and Implants , Rats , Rats, Wistar , RegenerationABSTRACT
Allogenic grafted tissues are subjected to biodegradation and replaced by the regenerate. To minimize the immune response and improve the rebuilding of tissues there was developed a technology to treat tissues with a cells elimination and dosed out extraction of proteoglycanes (Alloplant. With aim to clarify the role of macrophages in the tissues regeneration resulting implantation the biomaterials 112 rats were injected the allogenic and xenogenic (rabbit's) pulverized biomaterials in the form of suspension. Injections were performed subcutaneously into the animals' back by the base of the tail. The control group (14 rats) were injected a physiologic saline. Animals were killed by ether inhalation on day 2, 4, 7, 14, 30, 90 and 180 and tissue sections were studied by light and electron microscopy. The study showed the key role of the macrophages in resorption of the allogenic biomaterial and formation of the newly-formed tissue. Implantation of the biomaterial induced activity a great number of the mature macrophages, which completely lysed and resorbed the biomaterial particles. Expression TNFalpha was significantly higher whereas expression TGF-beta1 was significantly lower. With xenogenic biomaterial implantation there were less macrophages, their activity was restricted. Macrophages containing large vacuoles with an active endo- and exocytosis were revealed in the allogenic biomaterial implantation and were named 'matrix-forming macrophages'. We may suppose that these macrophages synthesize (or re-synthesize) proteoglycan component of the newly-formed collagen fibers. There was put forward a hypothesis about the two component mechanism of the collagen fibers formation.
Subject(s)
Biocompatible Materials , Macrophages/physiology , Regeneration , Animals , Macrophages/metabolism , Macrophages/ultrastructure , Male , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Tissue Engineering , Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolismABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To reduce antigenicity of allografts and stimulate their replacement by natural recipient tissues. METHODS: Experimental allotransplantation of different tissues (fascias, tendons, derma, fat, etc.) with histological, histochemical, electron microscopical, electron histochemical examination 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, 30, 60, 120, 180 and 360 days postoperatively. RESULTS: Allografts of different tissues with glucosaminoglycans extracted from collagen fibers have low antigenicity and can be replaced by natural tissues. Allografts with these properties were named 'Alloplant'. CONCLUSIONS: Alloplant biomaterials can selectively stimulate natural tissue regeneration. Hence, Alloplant biomaterials can be utilized in surgery for the restoration of different tissues.
