ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Autosomal dominant hyper-IgE syndrome (AD-HIES) is a primary immunodeficiency mainly caused by mutations in STAT3, a signalling molecule implicated in the development of appropriate immune responses. We aimed to characterise the innate immune response in AD-HIES. METHODS: The frequency of innate immune cells in peripheral blood (PB) from seven AD-HIES patients and healthy controls were determined. CD80/CD86 surface expression and cytokine levels in supernatants from PBMC after stimulation with TLR-2, -4 and -9 agonists were also measured by flow cytometry. In addition, several SNPs within these TLR genes in genomic DNA samples from patients and controls were examined. RESULTS: A significantly reduced number of PB iNKT cells was observed in the AD-HIES group. CpG-stimulated pDC and mDC from patients exhibited a lower increase in the expression of the costimulatory molecule CD80. We also observed an increase in the secretion of IL-12p70, TNF-alpha and IL-10 in PBMC from HIES patients after LTA or LPS stimuli. No association was found between the different SNPs detected and the HIES phenotype. CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate that important mediators of the innate immunity responses are affected in AD-HIES. More studies are necessary to investigate how the STAT3 function interferes with development of iNKT cells and TLR-mediated responses.
Subject(s)
Dendritic Cells/physiology , Job Syndrome/immunology , Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology , Natural Killer T-Cells/physiology , Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/pharmacology , Teichoic Acids/pharmacology , Toll-Like Receptors/agonists , Adolescent , Adult , Cells, Cultured , Child , Cytokines/metabolism , DNA Mutational Analysis , Dendritic Cells/drug effects , Female , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Humans , Immunity, Innate/drug effects , Immunity, Innate/genetics , Job Syndrome/genetics , Male , Natural Killer T-Cells/drug effects , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , STAT3 Transcription Factor/genetics , Toll-Like Receptors/genetics , Young AdultABSTRACT
AIM: To evaluate the salivary carriage of Treponema denticola and its association with demographic variables in the etiopathogenesis of chronic periodontitis. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Ninety-seven chronic periodontitis (CP) patients and a control group of 51 healthy subjects (HC) were selected. Periodontal status was assessed by criteria based on probing depth, attachment loss, extent, and severity of periodontal breakdown. A polymerase chain reaction method was used to determine the occurrence of T. denticola in saliva samples. Risk indicators for CP were assessed individually and adjusted for confounding and/or interaction using a logistic regression model. RESULTS: Although univariate analysis revealed a positive association of age >or=30 years, smoking, and salivary carriage of T. denticola with CP, after logistic regression analysis, the association between age >or=30 years/smoking and CP persisted, whereas salivary carriage of T. denticola failed to achieve statistical significance. An interaction effect was significantly detected between these three variables. CONCLUSION: Although salivary carriage of T. denticola may be a risk indicator for CP, its pathogenicity should not be exclusively endorsed to its detection in saliva, but it might be associated with the synergistic biological interaction of the bacterium with some demographic characteristics of the susceptible host.