Experimental Cardiomyogenesis Under Conditions of Administration of Different Doses of the Allogeneic Biomaterial.

We studied the effect of different concentrations of the allogeneic biotransplant on myocardial recovery. In Wistar rats, coronary artery was ligated and intramyocardial injection of 12 or 24 mg Alloplant biomaterial suspension was performed. Histological analysis was conducted on paraffin sections stained by Mallory. The index of the scar area was measured on preparations of transverse sections of the hearts. Allogeneic biomaterial produced cardioprotective and regenerative effect in the myocardium damaged by ischemia. After administration of Alloplant in a dose of 12 mg, the index of scar area decreased by 2.74 times; after doubling the Alloplant dose (24 mg), the index of scar area decreased by 26 times.

[Silicone oil tamponade as a risk factor of complications].

Morphological study was performed in enucleated eyes with chronic uveitis and phthisis bulbi in patients after vitrectomy with silicone oil tamponade. Silicone oil as a foreign substance was showed to aggravate chronic inflammation that results in intraocular sclerotic processes.

[Ultrastructure of macrophages detected after implantation of the Alloplant allogenic biomaterial].

The ultrastructure of macrophages detected in rats after subcutaneous implantation of the dispersed allogenic Alloplant biomaterial was studied. It was found that with the Alloplant biomaterial implantation the conditions were created promoting the concentration and complete maturation of different macrophage subpopulations. Their functional activity and interaction with other cellular populations result in complete regeneration of the connective tissue. The data obtained confirm the concept of main regulatory role of macrophages in the intercellular interactions during tissue repair and support the hypothesis of bicomponent mechanism of collagen fiber formation in the place of the Alloplant biomaterial implantation.

The role of macrophages in the tissues regeneration stimulated by the biomaterials.

Allogenic grafted tissues are subjected to biodegradation and replaced by the regenerate. To minimize the immune response and improve the rebuilding of tissues there was developed a technology to treat tissues with a cells elimination and dosed out extraction of proteoglycanes (Alloplant. With aim to clarify the role of macrophages in the tissues regeneration resulting implantation the biomaterials 112 rats were injected the allogenic and xenogenic (rabbit's) pulverized biomaterials in the form of suspension. Injections were performed subcutaneously into the animals' back by the base of the tail. The control group (14 rats) were injected a physiologic saline. Animals were killed by ether inhalation on day 2, 4, 7, 14, 30, 90 and 180 and tissue sections were studied by light and electron microscopy. The study showed the key role of the macrophages in resorption of the allogenic biomaterial and formation of the newly-formed tissue. Implantation of the biomaterial induced activity a great number of the mature macrophages, which completely lysed and resorbed the biomaterial particles. Expression TNFalpha was significantly higher whereas expression TGF-beta1 was significantly lower. With xenogenic biomaterial implantation there were less macrophages, their activity was restricted. Macrophages containing large vacuoles with an active endo- and exocytosis were revealed in the allogenic biomaterial implantation and were named 'matrix-forming macrophages'. We may suppose that these macrophages synthesize (or re-synthesize) proteoglycan component of the newly-formed collagen fibers. There was put forward a hypothesis about the two component mechanism of the collagen fibers formation.

[Cosmetic results of posttraumatic eyeball subatrophy surgical treatment using "alloplant" biomaterials with subsequent use of prostheses]. / Kosmeticheskie rezul'taty khirurgicheskogo lecheniia posttravmaticheskoi subatrofii glaznogo iabloka s primeneniem biomaterialov "alloplant" i s polseduiushchim protezirovaniem.

A complex of surgical operations making use of Alloplant biomaterials, performed in 47 patients with initial posttraumatic subatrophy and 79 patients with well-developed and far advanced stages of this condition, helped preserve the eye as anatomical organ in 97.5% patients, with enlargement of the eyeball in two-thirds of patients and stabilization in one-third. Optic reconstructive operations were later performed and visual acuity improved in patients with the initial stage of subatrophy. Use of allotransplant for eyeball bandage in order to create a carcass for the sclera helped conceal the cicatricial deformation of the sclera and repair the shape and volume of the eyeball in patients with initial subatrophy, due to which a good cosmetic result was attained. In well-developed and far advanced subatrophy use of biomaterial for bandage created optimal conditions for thin-wall cosmetic prostheses, ruled out the irritating effect of the prosthesis in cases when corneal sensitivity was retained and/or there were coarse corneaoscleral cicatrices, and thus extended the indications for cosmetic prostheses of subatrophic eyes.

Basic research conducted on alloplant biomaterials.

PURPOSE: To reduce antigenicity of allografts and stimulate their replacement by natural recipient tissues. METHODS: Experimental allotransplantation of different tissues (fascias, tendons, derma, fat, etc.) with histological, histochemical, electron microscopical, electron histochemical examination 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, 30, 60, 120, 180 and 360 days postoperatively. RESULTS: Allografts of different tissues with glucosaminoglycans extracted from collagen fibers have low antigenicity and can be replaced by natural tissues. Allografts with these properties were named 'Alloplant'. CONCLUSIONS: Alloplant biomaterials can selectively stimulate natural tissue regeneration. Hence, Alloplant biomaterials can be utilized in surgery for the restoration of different tissues.