Advancement in artificial intelligence for on-farm fruit sorting and transportation.

On-farm sorting and transportation of postharvest fruit include sorting out defective products, grading them into categories based on quality, distributing them into bins, and carrying bins to field collecting stations. Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) can speed up on-farm sorting and transportation with high accuracy and robustness and significantly reduce postharvest losses. The primary objective of this literature review is to provide an overview to present a critical analysis and identify the challenges and opportunities of AI applications for on-farm sorting and transportation, with a focus on fruit. The challenges of on-farm sorting and transportation were discussed to specify the role of AI. Sensors and techniques for data acquisition were investigated to illustrate the tasks that AI models have addressed for on-farm sorting and transportation. AI models proposed in previous studies were compared to investigate the adequate approaches for on-farm sorting and transportation. Finally, the advantages and limitations of utilizing AI have been discussed, and in-depth analysis has been provided to identify future research directions. We anticipate that this survey will pave the way for further studies on the implementation of automated systems for on-farm fruit sorting and transportation.

A Case Report and Literature Review on Argatroban Refractory Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia.

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is characterized by low platelets and thrombosis after exposure to Heparin products. It is classically characterized by a rapid and significant drop in platelets and life-threatening thrombosis. Thrombosis can occur up to 50% of the cases if left untreated. It requires immediate discontinuation of all heparin products and switching to a non-heparin anticoagulant to prevent further thrombosis. Here we present a case of a 56-year-old male who presented to the Emergency Department with sudden onset of severe left leg pain. Duplex study showed arterial thrombosis in the common iliac and distal iliac arteries. He received TPA at once and underwent thrombectomy while his platelet continued to drop. He used Low Molecular Weight Heparin (enoxaparin) for bridging after his tonsil surgery a week prior to this hospital admission. His HIT assay was found to be positive and despite the Argatroban therapy his clinical condition continued to worsen while his platelet count continued to drop. Given the refractory nature of the thrombosis and thrombocytopenia; Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy was introduced. The patient showed a great response and his platelet count improved to 150,000/µ. He was discharged on warfarin with a closer follow-up. Few case reports have described the treatment of such refractory cases using intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), resulting in stabilized platelet counts, reduced platelet activation, and reduced thrombotic complications, the exact mechanism of which is unknown. It is thought that IVIG inhibits platelet activation by binding as platelet receptors, which would otherwise bind with heparin-platelet factor 4 complexes and HIT antibodies.

High-grade pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma in a 60-year-old male: a case report and review of the literature.

Rhabdomyosarcoma is an aggressive malignant soft-tissue sarcoma that develop from undifferentiated mesenchymal cells. Less than 1% of all adult solid malignant cancers are sarcomas, and RMSs represent less than 2-5% of adult sarcomas.   RMS is divided into three main subtypes: Embryonal, alveolar and pleomorphic RMS (PRMS).   Most common subtype in adults is PRMS. Most common primary sites are extremities, trunk wall, and genitourinary organs. Metastasis are often found at diagnosis. 5-year overall survival rates were reported in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (SEER) to be 63% for pediatric patients and 27% for adults. Given the rarity of the adult PRMS, variation in its clinical presentation, characteristics of the tumor itself and the prognosis; there are very limited data available to guide the management of adults with PRMS. Herein we present a case report of pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma of the right thigh in a 60-year-old male who achieved a long-term survival (30 months) which was accomplished by multimodality treatment including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy.   .

Unusual presentation of parasitic leiomyoma; a tale of twists and turns.

Uterine leiomyoma is the most common benign pelvic tumor of the myometrium, as the prevalence could be as high as 70%. Major risk factors include age between 40-60 years and African descent. It usually presents with abnormal uterine bleeding and/or pelvic pain or pressure. Extra-uterine cases of leiomyoma have been reported including Leiomyomatosis Peritonealis Disseminata (LPD), in which multiple nodules are found in the pelvis, peritoneum, or intestine. The term parasitic leiomyoma has been used in literature to describe a non-disseminating pattern . There is no clear explanation for pathogenesis; however, some reports linked it to previous uterine procedures. We are presenting here a case report of an unusual presentation of extra-uterine leiomyoma in a patient with a remote history of hysterectomy for uterine fibroids.

Blessing in disguise; a case of Hereditary Persistence of Fetal Hemoglobin.

Fetal Hemoglobin (HbF, α2γ2) is produced from the eighth week of gestation, constitutes 60 - 80 % of total hemoglobin by birth, which is then replaced with adult Hemoglobin A1 (HbA1: α2ß2) by 6-12 months. Hereditary Persistence of Fetal Hemoglobin (HPFH) is a rare benign asymptomatic genetic disorder where the HbF persists, and incidentally discovered on screening for other hemoglobinopathies. In adults, the variation in HbF levels could also be associated with other disease states, including hemoglobinopathies, leukemias and bone marrow failure syndromes. Here we present a case of a young asymptomatic female with the incidental finding of HPFH who was misdiagnosed as the sickle cell disease. It is important to have awareness about HPFH and should be distinguished from other causes of elevated HbF.

Aggressive Metastatic GATA3-Positive Sarcomatoid Carcinoma with Rapid Progression and Invasion of the Liver.

Objective. GATA3-positive sarcomatoid carcinoma has never been documented in the past. It is a case of aggressive tumor, positive for GATA3, which should be further studied for its prognostic and therapeutic significance.

Evaluating the Oncogenic and Tumor Suppressor Role of XPO5 in Different Tissue Tumor Types

The miRNAs nuclear export protein XPO5 has been previously studied in several individual malignancies. In our recent study we have demonstrated that excess levels of XPO5 enhanced the proliferation of prostate cancer cells. Similarly, there are studies to support the inhibitory role of XPO5 in cancers. In order to evaluate discrepancies in the expression levels of XPO5 in differential tumor types, we quantified the expression of XPO5 using gene expression RNA-seq data for several tumor types which were independently confirmed by immunohistochemistry in multiple organs cancer tissue microarray (TMAs) experiment. We found that while some tumors (Breast, Bladder, Lymph-node, Lung, Esophagus and Ovary) showed higher differences between normal and malignant tumors in XPO5 expression, there were tissues (Kidney and Brain) that have a significantly lower XPO5 expression in malignant tumors. We further studies these observations of overexpression and down-regulation of XPO5 in breast and kidney cancer cell lines and found that XPO5 might have a dual role in promoting or inhibiting tumor growth in different cancer tissue types.

Giant Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in a Pakistani Patient.

"Giant hyperplasia" of the prostate is a rare pathology of the prostate gland. We report one such case, in which a successful retropubic prostatectomy was performed on an elderly male patient in Pakistan. The weight of the resected prostate was 700 g, which is the eighth largest prostate with benign prostatic hyperplasia reported.

Case of hereditary papillary renal cell carcinoma.

Renal cell carcinoma is the most common type of renal malignancy and it originates from the renal tubular epithelium. Due to the diversity in the histopathological and molecular characteristics, it is typically subclassified into five different categories. Papillary renal cell carcinoma is one subclassification and it includes two variants: sporadic and hereditary. Although the hereditary form comprises a smaller number of cases of papillary renal cell carcinoma, an understanding of the molecular pathways and genetic changes continues to play a significant role in the development of new targeted therapies. Along with recommending appropriate lifestyle modification, further investigation into the molecular pathogenesis of hereditary papillary renal cell carcinoma will continue to be invaluable for the clinical management of renal cell carcinoma. In this article, we discuss a case of the hereditary papillary renal cell carcinoma along with an overview of the disease.

Preoperative diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis using Doppler ultrasound.

Malignant mesothelioma (MM) of the tunica vaginalis is a rare aggressive tumor with a high predilection for metastatic spread. Because there is no preoperative diagnostic modality available, it has high recurrence and mortality rates, which emphasizes the importance of early preoperative diagnosis for proper and adequate treatment. We describe a case of MM of the tunica vaginalis in a 73-year-old man who presented with hydrocele and was preoperatively diagnosed with MM using Doppler in addition to scrotal ultrasound. He underwent early radical orchiectomy through an inguinal approach, resulting in improved survival.