The structural characteristic of acidic-degraded polysaccharides from seeds of Plantago ovata Forssk and its biological activity.

In this study, a response surface methodology (RSM) was used to determine the best combination for acid degradation parameters to reduce the viscosity of Plantago ovata Forssk seed polysaccharide (POFP). Then, the two major homogeneous polysaccharides (AH-POFP1 and AH-POFP3) were obtained by DEAE-650 M and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. The apparent structure of the main fraction AH-POFP1 was characterized by SEM, TG and XRD, and the linkage of AH-POFP1 was determined by a combination of partial acidolysis, Smith's degradation, methylation analysis and 2D NMR analysis. Structural analysis showed that AH-POFP1 was mainly composed of xylose, with a molecular weight of 618.1 kDa, and had a backbone of 1 â†’ 4-linked Xylp, as well as branches of T-linked Xylp, 1 â†’ 4-linked Xylp attached to the O-2 position. The antioxidant activity assays showed that the both AH-POFP1 and AH-POFP3 possess strong scavenging radical ability. Moreover, AH-POFP1 inhibits the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors, and promotes the secretion of anti-inflammatory factors, thereby exerting anti-inflammatory effects. These findings may help to guide future applications of Plantago ovata Forssk in the fields of food, health care, and pharmacy.

Study on Extraction Technology Optimization and Structural Characterization and of Fritillaria pallidiflora Poly- saccharide / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To optimize the extractio n technology of Fritillaria pallidiflora polysaccharides（FPSP），and to study its structure. METHODS ：Using the yield of FPSP as response value ，Box-Behnken design-response surface methodology was adopted to optimize solid-liquid ratio ，extraction temperature and extraction time of FPSP extraction technology. Structural properties of FPSP was characterized by UV spectrum ，FTIR，GC-MS，Congo red staining ，SEM，XRD and thermogravimetric analysis. RESULTS：The optimal technology parameters of FPSP were solid-liquid ratio of 1∶28（g/mL），extraction temperature of 94 ℃， extraction time of 2.5 h；the yield of FPSP was 16.25％（n＝3），the error of which to theoretical yield （16.58％）was 0.33％. FPSP contained xylose ，glucose and galactose with a molar ratio of 1∶58.02∶0.73，and trace amount of mannose ；there was a weak absorption peak near the wavelength of 280 nm；belonged to α-configuration pyranopolysaccharide. FPSP was in triple-helical structure. The surface of FPSP was a network structure formed by irregular particles. FPSP had both crystalline and amorphous structures. FPSP had good thermostability. CONCLUSIONS ：The optimized extraction technology of FPSP is reasonable ，and has high extraction yield. The research might provide reference for the further development and utilization of F. pallidiflora .

Optimization of ultrasonic-assisted extraction, characterization and biological activities of polysaccharides from Orchis chusua D. Don (Salep).

In the present study, ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) of polysaccharides from Orchis chusua D. Don (salep) was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) combined with a Box-Behnken design (BBD), the optimum conditions were determined to be: ultrasonic power of 390 W, extraction temperature of 60 °C, extraction time of 50 min and water/raw material ratio of 40 mL/g. Based on it, 48.30 ±â€¯0.6% yield of crude polysaccharide was obtained. After purification, the chemical compositions, physicochemical and structural property was investigated based on the GC-MS, TGA, XRD, SEM and Congo red test. The results showed that USP-U and USP-N were hetero-polysaccharides, mainly composed of mannose and glucose, and the average molecular weight was 25.57 kDa and 11.64 kDa, respectively. FT-IR spectra and NMR results indicated that the presence of α-linkage glycopyranose via typical peaks. Furthermore, reducing power and antioxidant activities of both purified fractions showed a relatively high ability to scavenge free radicals. Lastly, the cytotoxicity assay showed that purified polysaccharides have no obvious cytotoxicity against RAW267.4 and L6 cells at their effective concentration and had potent anti-inflammatory activity in a concentration-dependent manner. Salep polysaccharide is expected to be developed as a new efficacy factor in the pharmaceutical and food industry.

Sequential extraction, characterization and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Fritillaria pallidiflora Schrenk.

In this paper, Fritillaria pallidiflora schrenk polysaccharides were extracted with different methods and isolated by anion-exchange and gel-permeation chromatography. Physicochemical properties, structural characteristics and antioxidant activities were investigated for the first time. The polysaccharides composed of glucose, galactose, arabinose, xylose, mannose and rhamnose with different molar ratio and molecular weight. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis exhibited the presence of key functional groups of polysaccharides whereas scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed the characteristic morphology of different fractions. The thermogravimetric analysis manifested the thermal stability of polysaccharides. The reducing power and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides were evaluated in vitro. Among them, the acidic fraction FPSP-H2-1 has a strong antioxidant effect against DPPH, hydroxyl and ABTS free radicals. The results revealed the polysaccharide's important role as potential natural antioxidant agents during the investigation and application of bioactive polysaccharide.