ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Ankaferd hemostat is the first topical hemostatic agent about the red blood cell-fibrinogen relations tested in the clinical trials. Ankaferd hemostat consists of standardized plant extracts including Alpinia officinarum, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Thymus vulgaris, Urtica dioica, and Vitis vinifera. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Ankaferd hemostat on viability of melanoma cell lines. METHODS: Dissimilar melanoma cell lines and primary cells were used in this study. These cells were treated with different concentrations of Ankaferd hemostat to assess the impact of different dosages of the drug. All cells treated with different concentrations were incubated for different time intervals. After the data had been obtained, one-tailed T-test was used to determine whether the Ankaferd hemostat would have any significant inhibitory impact on cell growth. RESULTS: We demonstrated in this study that cells treated with Ankaferd hemostat showed a significant decrease in cell viability compared to control groups. The cells showed different resistances against Ankaferd hemostat which depended on the dosage applied and the time treated cells had been incubated. We also demonstrated an inverse relationship between the concentration of the drug and the incubation time on one hand and the viability of the cells on the other hand, that is, increasing the concentration of the drug and the incubation time had a negative impact on cell viability. CONCLUSION: The findings in our study contribute to our knowledge about the anticancer impact of Ankaferd hemostat on different melanoma cells.
ABSTRACT
In the present study, we investigated the cardiovascular effects of intravenously injected uridine or cytidine, and the role of adenosine receptors in mediating these effects, in conscious normotensive rats. Intravenous (i.v.) administration of uridine (124, 250, 500 mg/kg) dose-dependently decreased arterial pressure and heart rate. Cytidine (124, 250, 500 mg/kg; i.v.) produced slight dose-related hypotension without changing heart rate. Plasma uridine and cytidine concentrations increased time- and dose-dependently while plasma adenosine levels did not change after injection of the respective nucleosides. Pretreatment with intravenous caffeine (20 mg/kg), 8-phenyltheophylline (8-PT) (1 mg/kg), nonselective adenosine receptor antagonists, or 8-p-sulfophenyltheophylline (8-SPT) (20 mg/kg), a nonselective adenosine receptor antagonist which does not cross the blood-brain barrier, abolished the cardiovascular effects of uridine (250 mg/kg; i.v.) or cytidine (250 mg/kg; i.v.). Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) caffeine (200 microg) or 8-SPT (50 microg) pretreatment did not change the magnitude of the cardiovascular responses induced by nucleosides. Intravenous 8-cyclopenthyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX) (5 mg/kg), a selective adenosine A(1) receptor antagonist, greatly attenuated the cardiovascular responses to uridine and cytidine. Pretreatment with 3,7,-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX) (2 mg/kg), an adenosine A(1)/A(2) receptor antagonist, attenuated hypotension induced by uridine and blocked the arterial pressure decrease in response to cytidine. Uridine-induced bradycardia was blocked by DMPX. 4-(2-[7-amino-2-(2-furyl[1,2,4]-triazolo[2,3-a[1,3,5]triazin-5-yl-aminoethyl)phenol (ZM241385) (1 mg/kg; i.v.), a selective adenosine A(2A) receptor antagonist, pretreatment produced an only very small blockade in the first minute of the hypotensive effects of uridine without affecting the bradycardia. ZM241385 pretreatment completely blocked cytidine's hypotensive effect. In Langendorff-perfused rat heart preparation, uridine (10(-3) M), but not cytidine, decreased the heart rate. Our results show that intravenously injected uridine or cytidine is able to decrease arterial pressure by activating peripheral adenosine receptors. The data also implicates that the mainly adenosine A(1) receptor activation is involved in the uridine-induced cardiovascular effects, while both adenosine A(1) and A(2A) receptor activations mediate the cytidine's effects.
