Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis as an Initial Presentation of Nephrotic Syndrome: A Case Report.

Cerebral sinovenous thrombosis (CSVT) encompasses a spectrum of disorders involving thrombosis of the cerebral venous system. As shown by previous epidemiological studies, the prevalence of cerebral sinovenous thrombosis is 4-7 cases per million people. Nephrotic syndrome was very rarely associated with thrombosis cerebral veins or sinuses. Hypercoagulability and thrombotic complications in nephrotic syndrome are most commonly seen in deep veins of the lower extremities and renal veins. Our case highlights a unique scenario in which cerebral sinovenous thrombosis was the initial presentation of nephrotic syndrome in a patient that was not an important past medical or surgical problem. The patient was brought to the emergency department with severe headache, vomiting, altered mental status, and generalized body swelling. Laboratory results showed proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia and hyperlipidemia. Non-contrast brain CT demonstrated hemorrhagic venous infarct associated with vasogenic edema. A subsequent brain MR venogram demonstrated occlusion of superior sagittal and right transverse sinuses. She was managed with low molecular weight heparin and intervenous corticosteroids then shifted to rivaroxaban and oral steroids, respectively, which resulted in massive clinical improvement and resolution of thrombus.

A rare case of septic pulmonary embolism: A case report.

Septic pulmonary embolism occurs when septic material separates from its source and infiltrates the pulmonary parenchyma, resulting in substantial clinical symptoms. Here we report a 13-year-old female patient admitted to the hospital with a fever and chest discomfort. In the past days, she had bilateral limb pain, which induced traditional cauterization in the bilateral inguinal regions. On inspection, she had edema and erythema at the cauterization site, indicating wound infection. Multiple lung nodules were discovered on computed tomography, indicating SPE. High-dose antibiotics were started immediately after debridement. SPE is frequently associated with deep tissue infections, and cases of SPE following minor traumas are uncommon.

Sonographically diagnosed and conservatively managed case of polyorchidism: A case report.

Polyorchidism is a congenital abnormality with distinct sonographic characteristics. In most cases, sonography is sufficient for diagnosis. In instances of complicated polyorchidism, an MRI may provide further information. Conservative treatment with sonographic follow-up is the best management option in uncomplicated cases. We present a rare case of polyorchidism with no associated complications that were managed conservatively with periodic follow-up imaging.

Magnetic resonance imaging findings of intracranial tuberculoma patients in a tertiary hospital in Mogadishu, Somalia: A retrospective study.

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is a fatal disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.TB) with over eight million annual mortality reported worldwide attributed to the disease's direct or indirect effects. Among the most severe form of M. TB is an infection of the Central nervous system (CNS-TB). This infection is characterized by meningitis, tuberculoma, and tuberculous brain abscess. Tuberculomas are the most common variety of intracranial parenchymal tuberculosis. They occur because of conglomeration and conjugation of tubercular microgranulomas, which tend to occur at the grey-white matter junction due to the arrest of the hematogenous disseminating microbes caused by a decrease in the caliber of vessels in that region. Intracranial tuberculoma shows central hypointensity compared to grey matter, seeing this centrally on T2W images is helpful, as it is not seen in most other ring-enhancing lesions. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the findings of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of patients with intracranial tuberculoma using retrospective hospital records. Methodology: We conducted a retrospective data analysis of 73 patients with an age range of 3-70 years between 2018 and 2021 who were diagnosed with intracranial tuberculoma using MRI features at the Radiology Department, Somali-Turkey Recep Tayyip Erdogan Hospital. All the patients' MRI were evaluated, including conventional and contrast sequences and as well as MR diffusion. Results: This study revealed that most tuberculoma patients were female with 43 (58.9%) and 30 (41.1%) male. According to age group, the majority of patients 30 (41.1%) were 18-30 years of age. Based on the distribution of the conglomerates' tubercles, 39 (53.4%) were located in the supratentorial region, while 24 (32.9%) were found in both the supra-tentorial and infra-tentorial regions, with 10 (13.7%) residing in the infratentorial region. Interestingly, this study also discovered that the majority of the tuberculoma patients 43 (58.9%) had multifocal lesions, with 30 (41.1%) having single lesions. Also, associated abnormalities were detected in 28 (38.4%) of the patients with meningitis, while 7 (9.6%) had both hydrocephalus and meningitis, 2 (2.7%) had hydrocephalus, and one patient had cerebral infarction. Conclusion: The outcome of this investigation shows MRI as a suitable diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of intracranial tuberculoma and associated abnormalities in geographic areas where tuberculosis is endemic.