ABSTRACT
The present investigation was undertaken to develop puree from peaches and to study the effect of peel, sugar, KMS concentrations and storage conditions on the acidity, pH, total soluble solids, total sugar and rheological behavior of purees. Two types of Purees (Peeled and unpeeled) were prepared by adding sugar (10% and 15%) and KMS (100ppm, 200ppm, 300ppm). A decrease in viscosity with an increase in shear rate was observed. The developed purees were stored at refrigerated and ambient conditions for 45 days and were analyzed at 15 days interval. During the storage period, there was a change in G' and G"and the changes in pH and TSS were observed. The highest decrease in G' and G" was observed in P1 and P0 at ambient storage. The overall organoleptic score of all samples was acceptable, however, the organoleptic score of the P7 at refrigerated conditions was highest.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Fracture fixation has become advanced with the advent of new and custom metal implants for each type of bone/fracture. After union though, the implant ceases to be important and may be removed. Routine removal is advocated by some and opposed by others. Nevertheless, some patients require removal of the hardware because of various implant-related problems. Our study was aimed at identifying the most common causes for implant removal. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the common indications of orthopedic implant removal surgeries. METHODS: Adult patients admitted for implant removal in our department were included in the study. They were operated in the next OT list. They were then followed for an average 4 months for resolutions of symptoms or appearance of new problems. RESULTS: A total of 83 patients were studied. 71 of them were males. The mean age was 38 years. The reasons for removal of implants were found to lie in five categories: Pain/discomfort/prominent hardware, infected hardware, implant failure, elective (patient's insistence), and other reasons. Overall, the most frequently removed implants in our series were distal tibial/ankle plates (14.45% of implants removed), femoral intramedullary (IM) nails (13.25%), olecranon wires and plates (12.04%), and tibial IM nails and patellar tension band wirings (9.53% each). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The clinical indications of implant removal are not well established, and few definitive data exist to guide whether routine implant removal is appropriate. Symptomatic hardware frequently needs removal. We found that pain and implant prominence (mechanical symptoms) are the most common indications. Infection is the next most common, followed by hardware failure. Other indications are implant failure, bone resorption due to excessive stress shielding and patient's will. Removal is, however, not an easy surgery, and several factors such as bone ingrowth and wear of the implant may make its removal difficult.
