ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Shock is one of the most common severe syndromes requiring emergency treatment. Acute myocardial infarction guidelines, the surviving sepsis campaign, and low blood volume resuscitation guidelines indicate the prioritization of early identification of shock. APACHE II (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II), SOFA (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment), and MEWS (Modified Early Warning System) scores are used to predict mortality in ICU (intensive care unit) patients. However, similar to APACHE II, SOFA cannot be used for rapid assessment. Hence the need for a new scoring system that is simple, faster, and efficacious in predicting and preventing mortality among shock patients. The present study was conducted to evaluate a new MEWS scoring system for early identification and estimate mortality risk in patients with shock. METHODS: A total of 170 patients with shock meeting the inclusion criteria who presented to the ICU of Ramaiah Hospitals from November 2019 to August 2021 were included in the study. Baseline variables, laboratory parameters, APACHE II score, SOFA score, MEWS score, and new MEWS score were compared between the two groups. Patients were followed up till mortality or discharge from ICU. RESULTS: Among the 170 patients included in the study septic shock (69.4%) was the most common type of shock followed by cardiogenic (7.64%) and hypovolemic shock (7.64%). The requirement of inotropic support and mechanical ventilation was associated with significantly higher mortality (55.6% and 52.6% respectively). The AUROC (area under the curve) for SOFA in predicting mortality was 0.738 (p<0.001). The AUROC for APACHE II score in predicting mortality was 0.758 (p<0.001). The AUROC for MEWS score in predicting mortality was 0.655 (p=0.0002). The AUROC for the new MEWS score in predicting mortality was 0.684 which is more than that of the conventional MEWS score (p <0.001). CONCLUSION: New MEWS score is better than the MEWS score in predicting mortality. The new MEWS score is a simple, entirely clinical, inexpensive scoring system that can be done within a short time as a patient contact in an emergency. Hence, the new MEWS score can help in the quick identification of patients who are at high risk for developing shock and can be used as a better predictor of mortality.
ABSTRACT
The prevalence of Hyperuricemia is increasing even in developing countries. Hyperuricemia may be asymptomatic in many cases. It has been known to be associated with metabolic syndrome. In this study we have tried to see the association between serum uric acid levels and the components of metabolic syndrome in a tertiary care centre in South India. MATERIAL: It was a case-control, observational study carried out in the Medicine OPD of Ramaiah Medical College and Hospital. 40 subjects who were found to be having metabolic syndrome as per NCEP-ATP III criteria and 40 age and gender matched controls were enrolled in the study. They were subjected to detailed history taking, clinical examination, investigations like fasting and 2-hour blood glucose levels, fasting lipid profile and serum uric acid levels. Mean serum uric acid levels were assessed in both cases and controls. The association between serum uric acid levels and the components of metabolic syndrome was also studied. OBSERVATION: Mean serum uric acid levels in cases were 7.9 mg/dL in men and 6.8 mg/dL in women. Mean serum uric acid levels in controls were 4.8 mg/dL in men and 3.9 mg/dL in women. This difference was statistically significant (p= 0.001). Among the subjects having metabolic syndrome, 28 subjects (65%) had hyperuricemia. Among the controls 10 subjects (25%) had hyperuricemia. CONCLUSION: The above study shows that serum uric acid levels are significantly elevated in patients with metabolic syndrome. The association of elevated levels of uric acid was seen with all the components of metabolic syndrome.
