Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 17 de 17
Filter
Add more filters










Publication year range
1.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39008629

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to develop and validate a multi-mycotoxin analysis method applied to cashew nuts by employing a miniaturized QuEChERS method followed by determination by ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Satisfactory recoveries for the concentrations 1, 10 and 30 ng g-1, ranging from 66% (fumonisin B1) to 110% (ochratoxin A) and relative standard deviations lower than 9% (fumonisin B2) were obtained for the target compounds. Limits of quantification ranged from 0.004 ng g-1 (sterigmatocystin) to 0.59 ng g-1 (alternariol). The applicability of the analytical method was verified by analyzing 30 cashew nut samples from the city of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, southeastern Brazil. Aflatoxins M1, G2, G1, B2, B1, ochratoxin A and sterigmatocystin were detected, respectively, in 27%, 10%, 17%, 30%, 30%, 30% and 50% of the analyzed samples, at maximum concentrations of 0.56, 0.67, 1.43, 2.02, 4.93, 4.81, and 0.35 ng g-1. The maximum limit established by Brazilian legislation for aflatoxins was not exceeded by any of the analyzed samples.

2.
Saúde debate ; 46(spe2): 190-209, 2022. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1390401

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Alimentação adequada durante os primeiros anos de vida é fundamental para a saúde e tem repercussões em todos os ciclos da vida do indivíduo. Diversos trabalhos científicos associam efeitos nocivos à saúde com exposição aos agrotóxicos. Foram avaliados 312 agrotóxicos em alimentos comumente presentes na dieta infantil, selecionados a partir do cardápio do programa de alimentação escolar da educação infantil do município do Rio de Janeiro. A seleção dos alimentos baseou-se na frequência de consumo conforme os cardápios semanais da rede municipal de ensino. A análise multirresíduos por Cromatografia Líquida de Ultra Eficiência acoplada à Espectrometria de Massas sequencial em 145 amostras (leite, cereais infantis, banana, maçã, mamão, laranja, feijão e arroz) identificou 426 detecções de 53 agrotóxicos diferentes. Mais de 68% das amostras apresentaram múltiplos resíduos de agrotóxicos. Com os resultados, foi estimada a exposição da população infantil aos resíduos encontrados, indicando potencial risco à saúde das crianças, que precisa ser uma preocupação prioritária da saúde pública. É necessário verificar os impactos toxicológicos do uso de agrotóxicos sobre a saúde infantil, ampliar a aquisição de alimentos orgânicos pelo Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar e fortalecer a agroecologia com incentivos e políticas pública, buscando proteção e promoção da saúde coletiva.


ABSTRACT Adequate nutrition in the first years of life is a fundamental requirement for health and affects all life cycles of the individual. Several scientific studies associate exposure to pesticides with adverse effects to health. A total of 312 pesticides residues were evaluated in common foods from children's diets, selected from the infancy school feeding program menu in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The selection of food was based on the frequency of consumption according to the weekly menus of the municipal school system. Multiresidue pesticide analysis by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to tandem Mass Spectrometry in 145 samples (milk, infant cereal, banana, apple, papaya, orange, beans and rice) identified 426 detections of 53 different pesticides. More than 68% of the samples had multiple pesticide residues. Based on the results, was estimated the exposure of children to residues that were detected, indicating a potential risk to children's health, which needs to be a priority public health concern. It is necessary to verify the toxicological impacts of the use of pesticides on children's health, to expand the acquisition of organic foods by the School Feeding National Program, and to strengthen agroecology with incentives and public policies, aiming at the protection and promotion of collective health.

3.
Food Chem ; 196: 130-7, 2016 Apr 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26593474

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to validate a method developed for the determination of six antibiotics from the polyether ionophore class (lasalocid, maduramicin, monensin, narasin, salinomycin and semduramicin) at residue levels in raw, UHT, pasteurized and powdered milk using QuEChERS extraction and high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The validation was conducted under an in-house laboratory protocol that is primarily based on 2002/657/EC Decision, but takes in account the variability of matrix sources. Overall recoveries between 93% and 113% with relative standard deviations up to 16% were obtained under intermediate precision conditions. CCα calculated values did not exceed 20% the Maximum Residue Limit for monensin and 25% the Maximum Levels for all other substances. The method showed to be simple, fast and suitable for verifying the compliance of raw and processed milk samples regarding the limits recommended by Codex Alimentarius and those adopted in European Community for polyether ionophores.


Subject(s)
Chromatography, Liquid/methods , Ionophores/chemistry , Milk/chemistry , Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization/methods , Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methods , Animals , Pasteurization
4.
J Sep Sci ; 38(21): 3743-9, 2015 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26340418

ABSTRACT

A simple extraction technique has been developed for seven macrolide antibiotics in milk. The procedure involves a modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method based on acetonitrile extraction, followed by the addition of a mixture of salts (sodium sulfate, sodium chloride, and potassium carbonate) not yet reported in literature. The method was validated for tylosin and was selective, free of matrix effect, and linear in the range of 0.78-18.75 ng/mL in the final extract, corresponding to 0.125-3 times the maximum residue limit. The limit of detection, limit of quantification, decision limit, and detection capability were, respectively, 0.84, 2.79, 58.4, and 71.7 µg/kg. The overall average recovery at 25, 50, and 75 µg/kg ranged from 89-97%. Repeatability and intermediate precision expressed by relative standard deviations were below 10.5 and 12%, respectively. The extension of the validation for spiramycin, throleandomycin, oleandomycin, roxithromycin, erythromycin, and clarithromycin is under consideration since the procedure proved to be able to efficiently extract all studied macrolides, with recoveries from 74-104% at 50 µg/kg for tylosin, erythromycin, spiramycin, and oleandomycin and 20 µg/kg for throleandomycin, roxithromycin, and clarithromycin.


Subject(s)
Chromatography, Liquid/methods , Macrolides/isolation & purification , Milk/chemistry , Salts/chemistry , Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methods , Animals , Limit of Detection , Macrolides/analysis , Reproducibility of Results
5.
Rev. Inst. Adolfo Lutz (Online) ; 74(3): 225-238, jul.-set. 2015. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, Sec. Est. Saúde SP, SESSP-CTDPROD, Sec. Est. Saúde SP, SESSP-ACVSES, SESSP-IALPROD, Sec. Est. Saúde SP, SESSP-IALACERVO | ID: lil-786794

ABSTRACT

O presente estudo teve por finalidade avaliar a situação atual do consumo de alimentos à base de soja disponíveis no mercado em relação à presença de resíduos de agrotóxicos. A metodologia foi validada para efetuar a determinação de 122 resíduos de pesticida na matriz soja e de 124 substâncias na matriz extrato solúvel de soja. As curvas analíticas estudadas nas duas matrizes apresentaram linearidade na faixa de trabalho analisada (0,002 a 0,200 μg.mL-1). A exatidão e a precisão em dois níveis de fortificação apresentaram valores de 70 % a 119 % de recuperação e de CV (%) de 1 a 18. O Limite de Quantificação(LQ) apresentou resultados satisfatórios (0,005 a 0,215 mg.kg-1 matriz soja e 0,006 a 0,028 mg.kg-1 matriz extrato solúvel de soja) em relação aos Limites Máximos de Resíduo (LMRs) quando existentes. Para realizar o estudo, foram selecionadas 42 amostras de soja e materiais à base de soja. As amostras foram adquiridas, no período de 2011 a 2012, em estabelecimentos comerciais na região metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro. Esta avaliação exploratória de contaminação evidenciou o uso inapropriado dos agrotóxicos ciprodinil, pirimifós-metílico, ciazofamida e butóxido de piperonilana soja e de estar em desacordo com a legislação vigente.


This study aimed atassessing the current status of the consumption of soy-based foods available atmarket regarding to the presence of pesticide residues. The methodology was validated for determining122 pesticides residues in the matrix soybean and 124 in the matrix of soluble soy extract. The analytical curvesstudied in the two arrays showed linearity in the evaluated zone (0.002 to 0.200 μg.mL-1). The accuracy andprecision of two fortification ranges exhibited recovery values of 70 % - 119 %, and CV (%) values from 1 to 18.The limit of quantification (LQ) showed satisfactory results (0.005 to 0.215 mg.kg-1 matrix of soybeansand 0.006 to 0.028 mg.kg -1 matrix of soluble soy extract) regarding to the maximum residue limits (MRLs) when they occur. Forty-two soy and soy-based samples were randomly selected for this study. The samples were acquired in the period from 2011 to 2012 at commercial establishments located in the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro. This study evidenced the contamination of soybeans with pesticides residues as cyprodinil, pirimiphos-methyl, cyazofamid, and piperonyl butoxide, indicating their inappropriate use and being noncompliant to the legislationin force.


Subject(s)
Agrochemicals , Chromatography, Liquid , Mass Spectrometry , Validation Studies as Topic , Glycine max , Pesticide Residues
6.
Rev. Inst. Adolfo Lutz (Online) ; 73(1): 40-58, jan.-mar. 2014. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, Sec. Est. Saúde SP | ID: lil-782585

ABSTRACT

Com o aumento da utilização da soja e seus derivados na alimentação humana torna-se importante a avaliação da possibilidade de contaminação desses produtos por resíduos de agrotóxicos. Neste contexto,este estudo efetuou a validação da metodologia QuEChERS-acetato, para análise de 144 resíduos de agrotóxicos em soja e no extrato solúvel de soja por meio de cromatografia líquida acoplada à espectrometria de massas sequencial. Os parâmetros avaliados foram: seletividade (efeito matriz nos dois tipos de amostras), linearidade (faixa de trabalho, significância da regressão e homogeneidade dos resíduos da regressão), exatidão (recuperação), precisão (repetitividade) e limite de detecção e de quantificação.As curvas analíticas apresentaram R2 ≥ 0,95 e r ≥ 0,98 na faixa de trabalho (0,002 a 0,200 μg.mL-1). A exatidão e precisão em dois níveis de fortificação das duas matrizes apresentaram valores de 70 a 120 %de recuperação e CV(%) ≤ 20 %, respectivamente. O limite de detecção e de quantificação apresentou resultados satisfatórios. A metodologia validada possibilitou a determinação de 122 substâncias na matriz soja e 124 na matriz de extrato solúvel de soja...


Subject(s)
Humans , Agrochemicals , Chromatography, Liquid , Mass Spectrometry , Validation Studies as Topic , Glycine max/toxicity , Food Contamination
7.
Rev. Inst. Adolfo Lutz (Online) ; 72(4): 316-321, 2013. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, Sec. Est. Saúde SP, SESSP-CTDPROD, Sec. Est. Saúde SP, SESSP-IALPROD, Sec. Est. Saúde SP | ID: lil-742457

ABSTRACT

Alguns insumos farmacêuticos ativos (IFA) possuem como característica, a possibilidade de apresentarem o polimorfismo, que pode se desenvolver em alguma das etapas do processo de produção na indústria. No caso deste não ser caracterizado e especificado, um diferente polimorfo poderá ser utilizado equivocadamente durante o processo de fabricação. A ocorrência de polimorfismo pode originar importantes variações nas propriedades físico-químicas dos IFAs, principalmente quanto à solubilidade. Alguns medicamentos de glibenclamida (GLIB) apresentaram denúncias de ineficácia terapêutica e a presença de polimorfos pode ser uma das possíveis causas. Neste trabalho foram analisados cinco medicamentos e cinco IFAS de diferentes fornecedores. Para os medicamentos foram feitos testes característicos de verificação de equivalência farmacêutica. Nos IFAS, as diversas técnicas empregadas não evidenciaram presença de polimorfos ou alterações importantes nas propriedades físico-químicas e na velocidade de dissolução intrínseca. Entretanto, os perfis de dissolução dos medicamentos, principalmente, entre os dois similares A e B demonstraram diferenças apontadas pelos valores do fator f2, respectivamente, de 20 e 42, os quais indicaram associação destes valores com a presença de distintos excipientes, como por exemplo o manitol e diferentes processos de produção industrial.


Some active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) might present polymorphism at any stage of the industryproduction process. In caseit is not characterized and specified, a different polymorph might beerroneously used during the manufacturing procedure. Polymorphisms cause some variations in thephysicochemical properties of APIs, especially in solubility. Therapeutic inefficacy was detected in someglyburide drug products, and the occurrence of polymorphs might be one of the possible reasons. Thisstudy analyzed five drug products and five APIs., The characteristic pharmaceutical equivalence testswere used for analyzing the drug products. The techniques employed to evaluate the APIs showed nodifferences in polymorphism, no significant changes in the physicochemical properties or in the intrinsicdissolution rate. However, the dissolution profiles of the drug products, mainly between two similarproducts A and B, showed significant differences in the f2 factor values, being 20 and 42, respectively,indicating that these values were related to the occurrence of different excipients, such as mannitol.


Subject(s)
Dissolution , Glyburide/analysis , Pharmaceutical Raw Material , Drugs, Generic , Similar Drugs , Crystallization
8.
Rev. Inst. Adolfo Lutz (Online) ; 72(2): 124-130, 2013. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, Sec. Est. Saúde SP | ID: lil-729382

ABSTRACT

O desafio na produção de materiais de referência (MR) destinados a ensaios microbiológicos é ainstabilidade natural dos micro-organismos. A liofilização é indicada para criopreservação de culturasbacterianas quando o número de células deve ser resguardado. Agentes protetores podem ser adicionadosantes do congelamento para aumentar a estabilidade do material. Neste trabalho foram avaliados oscrioprotetores na produção de MR liofilizados a serem utilizados em ensaio de proficiência para contagemde coliformes. Foram produzidos quatro lotes utilizando-se diferentes crioprotetores: solução de leitedesnatado a 10 % (EC1), a mesma solução contendo glicerol (EC2), sacarose (EC3) e trealose (EC4). Umacepa de Escherichia coli foi empregada no preparo dos materiais. A homogeneidade foi avaliada conforme oProtocolo Internacional Harmonizado. A estabilidade foi estudada durante quatro meses à ≤ -70 ºC (longaduração) e às temperaturas de -20 ºC, 4 ºC, 25 ºC e 35 ºC durante cinco dias (curta duração), segundo aISO/GUIDE 35. Apenas EC1 foi considerado não homogêneo. Os lotes permaneceram estáveis à ≤ -70 ºCdurante quatro meses. EC2 apresentou resultados insatisfatórios na estabilidade de curta duração. EC3 eEC4 foram homogêneos e estáveis nas temperaturas estudadas. A sacarose e a trealose foram consideradascrioprotetores adequados para o preparo do MR em questão.


Subject(s)
Coliforms , Cryoprotective Agents/analysis , Laboratory Proficiency Testing , Breast-Milk Substitutes
9.
Cad. saúde colet., (Rio J.) ; 19(1)jan.-mar. 2011.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-593699

ABSTRACT

O presente estudo abordou o uso intensivo dos agrotóxicos no Brasil e sua influência na qualidade do leite consumido pela população brasileira. Através de revisão bibliográfica de 2001 a 2010 as principais substâncias utilizadas com diferentes finalidades na agropecuária foram identificadas, e seus perfis toxicológicos discutidos, com ênfase nos princípios ativos e seus produtos de degradação que possam estar presentes e contaminar o leite e os produtos lácteos. Mais de 477 substâncias ativas possuem uso permitido em produtos agrícolas e domissanitários pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (Anvisa). Quanto aos produtos de uso veterinário, 380 formulações foram identificadas contendo 15 ingredientes ativos equivalendo a 9 classes químicas diferentes. Resultados de programas de monitoramento nacionais e outros trabalhos constataram a presença de diversos princípios ativos em amostras de leite, e teores acima do limite máximo de resíduos (LMR) para a substância ivermectina. O estudo concluiu serem escassos os dados analíticos nacionais sobre substâncias provenientes das práticas agrícola e veterinária. Para maior eficiência os órgãos fiscalizadores deveriam se unir para a aprovação dos produtos a serem utilizados na agropecuária e na formação de redes laboratoriais de controle dessas substâncias em leite, de modo a garantir o produto alimentício de qualidade ao brasileiro e melhorias da saúde pública.


The present research aimed at investigating the intensive use of pesticides in Brazil and its influence in the quality of the milk consumed by the Brazilian population. Through a review of the literature from 2001 to 2010 the main substances used for different purposes have been identified and their toxicological profiles discussed with emphasis on their active agents and degradation products, which may be present and contaminate milk and dairy products. In Brazil more than 477 active substances are allowed to be used in agriculture and sanitary facilities by National Agency for Sanitary Vigilance (Anvisa). Regarding to the products for veterinary use, 380 formulations were identified containing 15 active ingredients equivalent to 9 different chemical groups. Results of national monitoring programs and other works have established the presence of several active ingredients in milk samples and levels above the maximum residue limits (MRLs) for ivermectin. This research concluded that the analytical data about substances from national agricultural and veterinary practices are rare. In order to improve their efficiency the supervising agencies should join for the approval of products to be used in agriculture as well as for the formation of laboratory networks to control these substances in milk and, thus to ensure a quality food product and improvements to the Brazilian public health.

10.
Anal Chim Acta ; 682(1-2): 82-92, 2010 Dec 03.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21056719

ABSTRACT

A liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric (LC-ESI-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the determination of residues of 6 polyether ionophores (lasalocid, maduramicin, monensin, narasin, salinomycin, semduramicin), 3 macrolides (erythromycin, tylosin, clarithromycin) and 1 lincosamide (lincomycin) in eggs. Nigericin was used as qualitative internal standard. Samples were deproteinizated/extracted with acetonitrile without pH adjustments. Aliquots of the extracts were evaporated and reconstituted for injection in the instrument operated in positive multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The stability of the antibiotics and the intensity of the formed ions were considered in order to select a suitable solvent for the reconstitution of the obtained dry extracts. No clean-up steps were required and matrix effects were controlled by sample dilution, selection of appropriate chromatographic conditions and reduced injection volume. Good within-laboratory reproducibility was obtained, with relative standard deviations (RSD(R)) from 4.0 (semduramicin at 5 µgkg(-1)) to 18.6 (erythromycin at 25 µgkg(-1)) for the ionophores and macrolides. Lincomycin showed the least precise results, with a maximum RSD(R) of 20.2% at 75 µgkg(-1)). Satisfactory decision limits (CCα) and detection capabilities (CCß) were also attained. Method limits of detection (LODs) from 0.04 (salinomycin) to 1.6 µgkg(-1) (lincomycin) were achieved. Method limits of quantification (LOQs) were from 0.14 to 5.3 µgkg(-1) for the same drugs, respectively. All the LOQs, except that obtained for maduramicin were remarkably below the lowest validation level. The proposed method is suitable for routine application in commercial egg samples.


Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/analysis , Eggs/analysis , Ionophores/analysis , Lincosamides/analysis , Macrolides/analysis , Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization/methods , Animals , Calibration , Chickens , Chromatography, Liquid/methods , Limit of Detection , Reproducibility of Results
11.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24779620

ABSTRACT

A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method, which has recently been developed and validated, was used for the identification and quantification of polyether ionophore, macrolide and lincosamide residues in commercial eggs sold in the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The method was applied to 100 samples and the results showed a high incidence of polyether ionophore residues (25%). Salinomycin was detected in 21% of samples, but only two non-compliant results (5.3 and 53 µg kg(-1)) were found if maximum limits (tolerances) established by European Union were adopted in Brazil and if a method decision limit (CCα) of 3.4 µg kg(-1) was considered. In 8% of analyzed samples, more than one studied coccidiostat was found. The lincosamide, lincomycin, and the macrolide, tylosin, were detected at trace levels in 4 and 1% of the samples, respectively. Lasalocid, clarithromycin and erythromycin were not found.


Subject(s)
Eggs/analysis , Ethers/analysis , Ionophores/analysis , Lincosamides/analysis , Macrolides/analysis , Pesticide Residues/analysis , Animals , Anti-Bacterial Agents/analysis , Brazil , Chickens , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Chromatography, Liquid/methods , Coccidiostats/analysis , European Union , Food Contamination/analysis , Humans , Maximum Allowable Concentration , Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methods
12.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24779621

ABSTRACT

This pilot survey aimed to assess the occurrence of tetracyclines and the 4-epimers of oxytetracycline, tetracycline and chlortetracycline in commercial pasteurized milks sold in the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, between October 2009 and March 2010. A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method, developed and validated in our laboratory, was used. All 100 analyzed samples were compliant, but 14 contained oxytetracycline in concentrations ranging from the method limit of detection (3.7 µg l(-1)) to the method limit of quantification (12.2 µg l(-1)). One sample contained oxytetracycline and tetracycline simultaneously (at a concentration slightly higher than method limit of quantification, 7.0 µg l(-1)). The presence of 4-epioxytetracycline and 4-epitetracycline in contaminated samples with the parent drugs could not be confirmed as traces were detected only in the quantification MRM transition. No other tetracyclines were detected.


Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/analysis , Chlortetracycline/analysis , Milk/chemistry , Oxytetracycline/analysis , Tetracycline/analysis , Tetracyclines/analysis , Animals , Brazil , Chromatography, Liquid/methods , Drug Residues/analysis , Food Contamination/analysis , Humans , Pasteurization , Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methods
13.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 14(6): 2091-2106, dez. 2009. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-535975

ABSTRACT

A segurança de alimentos é um tema cada vez mais relevante, devido à crescente busca por uma melhor qualidade de vida e conscientização dos consumidores quanto ao direito de adquirir produtos seguros à saúde. O uso de substâncias em animais produtores de alimentos para o consumo humano requer de estudos de farmacocinética à depleção dos resíduos, com o estabelecimento de valores limitativos, de forma que não constituam em um risco à saúde. Além das substâncias utilizadas intencionalmente, outras advindas da contaminação ambiental ou contaminação das rações ingeridas por esses animais podem atingir o homem através da dieta. Os objetivos deste artigo são reunir e discutir os principais atos federais relativos a resíduos e contaminantes químicos em alimentos de origem animal no Brasil, além daqueles relativos ao controle de medicamentos de uso veterinário e aditivos para produtos destinados à alimentação animal. A apresentação cronológica das bases legais pretende facilitar a interpretação dos atos dentro dos respectivos cenários políticos e econômicos. As propostas de ação dos diferentes agentes envolvidos nos sistemas regulatórios são discutidas sob o ponto de vista da saúde pública.


Food safety became a relevant subject due to the increasing search for a better way of life and consciousness of the consumers to stand on one's rights to acquire healthy products. The use of substances in animals destined for human consumption requires from pharmacokinetics to residue depletion studies, with the establishment of limitative values so that do not constitute a risk to health. Beyond the substances used deliberately, others coming from environment contamination or contamination of feeding stuffs consumed by these animals may reach human through the diet. The aims of this paper are to collect and discuss the main federal acts covering chemical residues and contaminants in food of animal origin in Brazil, besides those on measures to control veterinary medicinal products and additives for use in animal nutrition. The chronological presentation of the legal basis intends to facilitate the interpretation of the acts inside respective political and economics scenarios. The actions proposed from the different agents involved into the regulatory systems are discussed from the public health point of view.


Subject(s)
Animals , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Humans , Drug Residues , Food Contamination , Brazil , Drug Residues/history , Food Contamination/legislation & jurisprudence , Sanitation/history , Sanitation/legislation & jurisprudence
14.
Anal Chim Acta ; 656(1-2): 72-84, 2009 Dec 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19932817

ABSTRACT

A liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric (LC-ESI-MS/MS) method for the analysis of several tetracyclines residues in bovine milk has been developed. Milk deproteinization/extraction of samples was performed with acidified acetonitrile. After diluting and purification by solid-phase extraction (SPE), the extracts were injected into the instrument operated in Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) acquisition mode. The reversible epimerization at C-4 of oxytetracycline, tetracycline and chlortetracycline and the keto-enol tautomerism of chlortetracycline between C-11a and C-12 were considered for reliable quantification. Degradation was also taken in account and minimized for the same purpose. A central composite (response surface) design with desirability function was employed for the optimization of extraction and clean-up steps. The optimization improved the extraction efficiency of the more polar analytes reaching 93.9% for 4-epioxytetracycline and 95.8% for oxytetracycline at 100 microg L(-1). The validation was performed following the criteria established by Commission Decision 2002/657/EC.


Subject(s)
Chromatography, Liquid/methods , Milk/chemistry , Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization/methods , Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methods , Tetracyclines/analysis , Tetracyclines/chemistry , Animals , Molecular Conformation , Solid Phase Extraction , Stereoisomerism
15.
Cien Saude Colet ; 14(6): 2091-106, 2009.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20069177

ABSTRACT

Food safety became a relevant subject due to the increasing search for a better way of life and consciousness of the consumers to stand on one's rights to acquire healthy products. The use of substances in animals destined for human consumption requires from pharmacokinetics to residue depletion studies, with the establishment of limitative values so that do not constitute a risk to health. Beyond the substances used deliberately, others coming from environment contamination or contamination of feeding stuffs consumed by these animals may reach human through the diet. The aims of this paper are to collect and discuss the main federal acts covering chemical residues and contaminants in food of animal origin in Brazil, besides those on measures to control veterinary medicinal products and additives for use in animal nutrition. The chronological presentation of the legal basis intends to facilitate the interpretation of the acts inside respective political and economics scenarios. The actions proposed from the different agents involved into the regulatory systems are discussed from the public health point of view.


Subject(s)
Drug Residues , Food Contamination , Animals , Brazil , Drug Residues/history , Food Contamination/legislation & jurisprudence , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Humans , Sanitation/history , Sanitation/legislation & jurisprudence
16.
Hig. aliment ; 21(152): 83-86, jun. 2007. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-519804

ABSTRACT

Os ditiocarbamatos (EBDCs) são substâncias organosulfuradas empregadas na agricultura com ação fungicida. O risco toxicológico destas deve-se a seus dois maiores produtos de degradação: a etileno tiouréia (ETU) e a propilenotiouréia (PTU), suspeitos de serem bociogênicos, carcinogênicos e mutagênicos em ratos. No Brasil, existem registrados seis diferentes tipos de substâncias cujos princípios ativos são da classe química dos ditiocarbamatos, indicados para quarenta e um diferentes tipos de cultura. O uso é intenso, conforme reportado pelo programa gerenciado pela ANVISA, o PARA – Programa Nacional de Análise de Resíduos de agrotóxicos em alimentos, que tem o objetivo de monitorar dados para atualização do risco de ingestão diária. A metodologia utilizada para o monitoramento dessas substâncias baseia-se na detecção fotométrica do dissulfeto de carbono (CS2), liberado na hidrólise ácida dos EBDCs contidos nos alimentos. O complexo cúprico amarelo formado é determinado espectrofotometricamente. Apesar da legislação especificar diferentes produtos ditiocarbamatos para diferentes culturas, contempla o seu limite máximo residual em CS2 para todos, não distinguindo as diferentes substâncias utilizadas.(...) Este trabalho mostra os resultados desta cultura de amostras comercializadas no Rio de Janeiro, provenientes dos estados do Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais e Bahia.


Subject(s)
Carica/toxicity , Ethylenebis(dithiocarbamates) , Fungicides, Industrial/adverse effects , Pesticides/toxicity , Toxic Wastes/analysis , Brazil , Products Commerce
17.
In. Peres, Frederico; Moreira, Josino Costa. É veneno ou é remédio: agrotóxicos, saúde e ambiente. Rio de Janeiro, FIOCRUZ, 2003. p.283-301, tab.
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-352763
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL
...