ABSTRACT
METHOD: Neuropathic pain was induced by surgical constriction of the infraorbital nerve in rats. A control group underwent a sham procedure consisting of surgical exposure of the nerve. Subgroups of each group received either BoNT/A or isotonic saline solution. The clinical response was assessed with the -20°C test. Animals that underwent nerve constriction developed sensitization; the sham group did not. RESULTS: The sensitization was reversed by BoNT/A treatment evident 24 hours following application. Pronociceptive effect was observed in the sham group following BoNT/A. CONCLUSION: BoNT/A has an antinociceptive effect in sensitized animals and a pronociceptive effect in non-sensitized animals.
Subject(s)
Analgesics/therapeutic use , Botulinum Toxins, Type A/therapeutic use , Trigeminal Neuralgia/drug therapy , Animals , Disease Models, Animal , Male , Pain Measurement , Pain Threshold , RatsABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Purpose of the study was evaluate the possible antinociceptive effect of botulinum neurotoxin type-A (BoNT/A) in an experimental model of trigeminal neuralgia. Method Neuropathic pain was induced by surgical constriction of the infraorbital nerve in rats. A control group underwent a sham procedure consisting of surgical exposure of the nerve. Subgroups of each group received either BoNT/A or isotonic saline solution. The clinical response was assessed with the -20°C test. Animals that underwent nerve constriction developed sensitization; the sham group did not. Results The sensitization was reversed by BoNT/A treatment evident 24 hours following application. Pronociceptive effect was observed in the sham group following BoNT/A. Conclusion BoNT/A has an antinociceptive effect in sensitized animals and a pronociceptive effect in non-sensitized animals.
RESUMO A proposta do estudo foi avaliar o efeito antinociceptivo da neurotoxina botulínica do tipo A (BoNT/A) em um modelo experimental de nevralgia trigeminal. Método O grupo estudo foi obtido através da constrição do nervo infraorbital em ratos e o grupo controle pela simples exposição deste nervo. Cada um dos grupos foram subdivididos de acordo com o tratamento realizado após a intervenção cirurgica: solução salina isotônica ou BoNT/A. A resposta terapêutica foi avaliada através do teste de -20°C. Resultados Animais com constrição do nervo desenvolveram uma sensibilização nociceptiva quando comparados ao grupo controle. Ela foi revertida após 24 horas utilizando BoNT/A. O efeito pronociceptivo foi observado no grupo controle após a administração de BoNTA. Conclusão BoNT/A apresenta um efeito antinociceptivo em animais sensibilizados e pronociceptivo em animals não sensibilizados.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Trigeminal Neuralgia/drug therapy , Botulinum Toxins, Type A , Analgesics/therapeutic use , Pain Measurement , Pain Threshold , Disease Models, AnimalABSTRACT
The door-to-needle time is an important goal to reduce the time to treatment in intravenous thrombolysis. Objective Analyze if the inclusion of an exclusive thrombolytic bed reduces the door-to-needle time. Method One hundred and fifty patients admitted for neurological evaluation with ischemic stroke were separated in two groups: in the first, patients were admitted in the Emergency Room for intravenous thrombolysis (ER Group); in the second, patients were admitted in an exclusive thrombolytic bed in the general neurology ward (TB Group). Results Sixty-eight (86.0%) patients from TB Group were treated in the first 60 minutes of arrival as compared to 48 (67.6%) in the ER Group (p = 0.011). Conclusion The introduction of a thrombolytic bed in a general hospital setting can markedly reduce the door-to-needle time, allowing more than 85% of patients to be treated within the first hour of admission.
Subject(s)
Beds , Fibrinolytic Agents/therapeutic use , Stroke/drug therapy , Thrombolytic Therapy/instrumentation , Time-to-Treatment/organization & administration , Early Medical Intervention , Emergency Service, Hospital/organization & administration , Humans , Patient Selection , Thrombolytic Therapy/methodsABSTRACT
ABSTRACT The door-to-needle time is an important goal to reduce the time to treatment in intravenous thrombolysis. Objective Analyze if the inclusion of an exclusive thrombolytic bed reduces the door-to-needle time. Method One hundred and fifty patients admitted for neurological evaluation with ischemic stroke were separated in two groups: in the first, patients were admitted in the Emergency Room for intravenous thrombolysis (ER Group); in the second, patients were admitted in an exclusive thrombolytic bed in the general neurology ward (TB Group). Results Sixty-eight (86.0%) patients from TB Group were treated in the first 60 minutes of arrival as compared to 48 (67.6%) in the ER Group (p = 0.011). Conclusion The introduction of a thrombolytic bed in a general hospital setting can markedly reduce the door-to-needle time, allowing more than 85% of patients to be treated within the first hour of admission.
RESUMO A redução no tempo porta-agulha é um objetivo importante para diminuir o tempo de tratamento na trombólise endovenosa. Objetivo Analisar se a inclusão de um leito exclusivo de trombólise reduz o tempo porta-agulha. Método Cento e cinqüenta pacientes admitidos com acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico foram separados em dois grupos: no primeiro, os pacientes foram admitidos no Pronto-Atendimento para trombólise endovenosa (Grupo PA); no segundo, os pacientes foram admitidos no leito de trombólise na enfermaria de neurologia (Grupo LT). Resultados Sessenta e oito (86,0%) pacientes do Grupo LT foram tratados nos primeiros 60 minutos após a chegada, em comparação com 48 (67,6%) no Grupo PA (p = 0,011). Conclusão A introdução de um leito de trombólise em ambiente hospitalar pode reduzir marcadamente o tempo porta-agulha, permitindo que mais de 85% dos pacientes sejam tratados na primeira hora de admissão.
Subject(s)
Humans , Beds , Thrombolytic Therapy/instrumentation , Stroke/drug therapy , Fibrinolytic Agents/therapeutic use , Thrombolytic Therapy/methods , Patient Selection , Emergency Service, Hospital/organization & administration , Early Medical InterventionABSTRACT
The impact of the side in middle cerebral artery (MCA) ischemic stroke is not well established. Our aim was to analyze the differences between right (RMCA) and left middle cerebral artery (LMCA) stroke in patients submitted to intravenous thrombolysis and the influence of the affected side in the patient’s mortality after 3 months. Method Patients with MCA ischemic stroke submitted to intravenous thrombolysis from March 2010 to December 2011 at two Brazilian Stroke Centers were included. Differences between patients with RMCA and LMCA stroke were identified by univariate analysis. Results Forty-five patients with RMCA stroke and 67 with LMCA stroke were analyzed. Patients with LMCA had a higher incidence of atrial fibrillation (p = 0.031), although patients with RMCA more often had a previous ischemic stroke (p = 0.034). The mortality over 3 months was similar for either side (OR = 1.20 ;0.37 - 4.29, p = 0.772). Conclusion The side of the MCA ischemic stroke did not influence the patients mortality. .
O impacto do lado de acometimento da artéria cerebral média (ACM) não é bem estabelecido. Nosso objetivo é analisar as diferenças entre pacientes com acidente vascular isquêmico (AVCi) de ACM direita (ACMD) e esquerda (ACME) submetidos à trombólise endovenosa e a influência do lado acometido na mortalidade em 3 meses. Método Pacientes com AVCi ACMD e ACME submetidos à trombólise endovenosa entre Março de 2010 a Dezembro de 2012 em duas Unidades de AVC brasileiras foram incluídos. Diferenças entre AVCi ACMD e ACME foram identificadas pela análise univariada. Resultados Quarenta e cinco pacientes com AVCi de ACMD e 67 de ACME foram analisados. Pacientes com AVCi de ACME tiveram maior incidência de fibrilação atrial (p = 0,031), enquanto de ACMD maior de AVCi prévio (p = 0,034). A mortalidade em 3 meses foi similar em ambos os grupos (OR = 1,20; 0,37 -4,29, p = 0,772). Conclusão O lado de acometimento da ACM no AVCi não influencia na mortalidade. .
Subject(s)
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/drug therapy , Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/mortality , Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/pathology , Thrombolytic Therapy/mortality , Administration, Intravenous , Cross-Sectional Studies , Cerebral Hemorrhage/mortality , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Severity of Illness Index , Statistics, Nonparametric , Time FactorsABSTRACT
UNLABELLED: The impact of the side in middle cerebral artery (MCA) ischemic stroke is not well established. Our aim was to analyze the differences between right (RMCA) and left middle cerebral artery (LMCA) stroke in patients submitted to intravenous thrombolysis and the influence of the affected side in the patient's mortality after 3 months. METHOD: Patients with MCA ischemic stroke submitted to intravenous thrombolysis from March 2010 to December 2011 at two Brazilian Stroke Centers were included. Differences between patients with RMCA and LMCA stroke were identified by univariate analysis. RESULTS: Forty-five patients with RMCA stroke and 67 with LMCA stroke were analyzed. Patients with LMCA had a higher incidence of atrial fibrillation (p = 0.031), although patients with RMCA more often had a previous ischemic stroke (p = 0.034). The mortality over 3 months was similar for either side (OR = 1.20 ;0.37 - 4.29, p = 0.772). CONCLUSION: The side of the MCA ischemic stroke did not influence the patients mortality.
Subject(s)
Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/drug therapy , Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/mortality , Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/pathology , Thrombolytic Therapy/mortality , Administration, Intravenous , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Cerebral Hemorrhage/mortality , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Severity of Illness Index , Statistics, Nonparametric , Time FactorsABSTRACT
The authors present a historical review of the contribution of Professor Abraham Akerman to Brazilian neurology, including the famous sign known as "the Alajouanine-Akerman unstable ataxic hand".
Subject(s)
Neurology/history , Brazil , History, 19th Century , History, 20th CenturyABSTRACT
The authors present a historical review of the contribution of Professor Abraham Akerman to Brazilian neurology, including the famous sign known as “the Alajouanine-Akerman unstable ataxic hand”.
Os autores apresentam uma revisão histórica sobre a contribuição do Professor Abraham Akerman para a Neurologia brasileira, incluindo o famoso sinal “Mão instável atáxica de Alajouanine-Akerman”.
Subject(s)
History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Neurology/history , BrazilABSTRACT
Patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure is indicated in some cases to protect patients against embolic events. The aim of this study was to certify that the method of PFO closure to prevent microemboli (MES) is reliable, using contrast enhanced transcranial Doppler (cTCD) as a diagnostic and follow-up tool. METHODS: cTCD was performed before and after PFO closure in 20 patients. Results obtained a minimum of 12 months after the procedure were analyzed in this study. RESULTS: After the procedure, 14 patients (82%) showed no microemboli in cTCD at rest, but after provocative Valsalva maneuver (VM) microembolic phenomenon were still detected in 14 (70%): 7 (35%) <10 MES, 3 (15%) 10-20 MES and 4 (20%) had more than 20 MES ("curtain"). Only six of the total patients presented no MES in both resting and VM. CONCLUSION: These results showed a large percentage of patients with MES detection in a bubble study with transcranial Doppler more than one year after the procedure of PFO closure, showing right-to-left residual shunting. Despite the small number of patients, this study provides important data about this therapeutic decision.
O fechamento do forame oval patente (FOP) é indicado em alguns casos para prevenir eventos embólicos. O objetivo deste estudo foi certificar que o fechamento do FOP previne contra microembolia usando o Doppler transcraniano contrastado (cTCD) como método diagnóstico e de controle. MÉTODOS: O cTCD foi realizado antes e depois do fechamento do FOP em 20 pacientes. Foram analisados somente os resultados obtidos após 12 meses do procedimento. RESULTADOS: Após o procedimento, 14 pacientes (82%) não apresentaram microembolia (MES) ao exame de repouso. Entretanto, após sensibilização com manobra de Valsalva (MV), detectou-se ainda passagem de MES em 14 (70%) dos pacientes: 7 (35%) <10 MES; 3 (15%) 10-20 MES e 4 (20%) com mais de 20 MES (padrão "cortina"). Somente seis pacientes não apresentaram sinais de MES em ambas as etapas do teste (repouso e MV). CONCLUSÃO: Grande porcentagem de pacientes apresentou MES após o procedimento para fechamento do FOP, o que é consistente com presença de shunt direito-esquerdo residual. Apesar do pequeno número de pacientes, este estudo apresenta dados que contribuem com esta importante decisão terapêutica.
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Foramen Ovale, Patent/surgery , Intracranial Embolism/prevention & control , Follow-Up Studies , Foramen Ovale, Patent/complications , Intracranial Embolism/etiology , Intracranial Embolism , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial , Valsalva ManeuverABSTRACT
UNLABELLED: Patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure is indicated in some cases to protect patients against embolic events. The aim of this study was to certify that the method of PFO closure to prevent microemboli (MES) is reliable, using contrast enhanced transcranial Doppler (cTCD) as a diagnostic and follow-up tool. METHODS: cTCD was performed before and after PFO closure in 20 patients. Results obtained a minimum of 12 months after the procedure were analyzed in this study. RESULTS: After the procedure, 14 patients (82%) showed no microemboli in cTCD at rest, but after provocative Valsalva maneuver (VM) microembolic phenomenon were still detected in 14 (70%): 7 (35%) <10 MES, 3 (15%) 10-20 MES and 4 (20%) had more than 20 MES ("curtain"). Only six of the total patients presented no MES in both resting and VM. CONCLUSION: These results showed a large percentage of patients with MES detection in a bubble study with transcranial Doppler more than one year after the procedure of PFO closure, showing right-to-left residual shunting. Despite the small number of patients, this study provides important data about this therapeutic decision.
Subject(s)
Foramen Ovale, Patent/surgery , Intracranial Embolism/prevention & control , Adult , Aged , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Foramen Ovale, Patent/complications , Humans , Intracranial Embolism/diagnostic imaging , Intracranial Embolism/etiology , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial , Valsalva ManeuverABSTRACT
UNLABELLED: Few healthcare centers in Brazil perform thrombolytic therapy for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to describe an interinstitutional protocol for the rapid identification and thrombolytic treatment of AIS patients at a public health hospital in a large Brazilian city. METHOD: Emergency medical services (EMS) personnel evaluated 433 patients with possible stroke during a six-month period. After a standard checklist, patients with suspected AIS and symptoms onset of less than two hours were evaluated at our University Hospital (UH). RESULTS: Sixty-five (15%) patients met the checklist criteria and had a symptom onset of less than two hours, but only 50 (11%) patients were evaluated at the UH. Among them, 35 (70%) patients had ischemic stroke, 10 (20%) had hemorrhagic stroke, and 5 (10%) had other diagnoses. Of the 35 ischemic stroke patients, 15 (43%) underwent IV thrombolysis. CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrated that trained EMS workers could help to improve the rate of thrombolytic treatment in large Brazilian cities. Permanent training programs for EMS and hospital staff, with quality control and correct identification of AIS patients, should be implemented to increase appropriate thrombolytic therapy rates in Brazil.
Subject(s)
Fibrinolytic Agents/therapeutic use , Stroke/drug therapy , Thrombolytic Therapy/methods , Tissue Plasminogen Activator/therapeutic use , Adult , Aged, 80 and over , Ambulances , Clinical Protocols , Female , Hospitals, Public , Hospitals, University , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Time Factors , Young AdultABSTRACT
Few healthcare centers in Brazil perform thrombolytic therapy for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to describe an interinstitutional protocol for the rapid identification and thrombolytic treatment of AIS patients at a public health hospital in a large Brazilian city. METHOD: Emergency medical services (EMS) personnel evaluated 433 patients with possible stroke during a six-month period. After a standard checklist, patients with suspected AIS and symptoms onset of less than two hours were evaluated at our University Hospital (UH). RESULTS: Sixty-five (15 percent) patients met the checklist criteria and had a symptom onset of less than two hours, but only 50 (11 percent) patients were evaluated at the UH. Among them, 35 (70 percent) patients had ischemic stroke, 10 (20 percent) had hemorrhagic stroke, and 5 (10 percent) had other diagnoses. Of the 35 ischemic stroke patients, 15 (43 percent) underwent IV thrombolysis. CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrated that trained EMS workers could help to improve the rate of thrombolytic treatment in large Brazilian cities. Permanent training programs for EMS and hospital staff, with quality control and correct identification of AIS patients, should be implemented to increase appropriate thrombolytic therapy rates in Brazil.
No Brasil, apenas alguns hospitais realizam terapia trombolítica para o acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico agudo (AVCiA). OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever um protocolo inter-institucional para a rápida identificação e para o tratamento trombolítico de pacientes com AVCiA em hospital público de Curitiba, PR. MÉTODO: O Serviço de Atendimento Médico de Urgência (SAMU) avaliou 433 pacientes com possível AVC durante um período de seis meses. Depois de um check list padrão, os pacientes com suspeita de AVCiA e início dos sintomas inferior a duas horas, foram avaliados no Hospital de Clínicas (HC). RESULTADOS: Sessenta e cinco (15 por cento) pacientes preencheram os critérios propostos, porém apenas 50 pacientes (11 por cento) foram avaliados no HC. Destes, 35 (70 por cento) eram AVC isquêmico (AVCi), 10 (20 por cento) eram hemorrágicos e 5 (10 por cento) tiveram outros diagnósticos. Dos 35 pacientes com AVCi, 15 (43 por cento) foram submetidos a trombólise IV. CONCLUSÃO: O presente estudo demonstrou que o treinamento do SAMU poderia auxiliar na otimização da terapia trombolítica em grandes cidades brasileiras. Programas permanentes de treinamento com controle de qualidade, caracterizados pela correta identificação de pacientes com AVCiA devem ser realizados nos hospitais em parceria com o SAMU para elevar as taxas de tratamento trombolítico no Brasil.
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Fibrinolytic Agents/therapeutic use , Stroke/drug therapy , Thrombolytic Therapy/methods , Tissue Plasminogen Activator/therapeutic use , Ambulances , Clinical Protocols , Hospitals, Public , Hospitals, University , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Sneddon's syndrome (SS) is characterized by ischemic cerebrovascular episodes and livedo reticularis. It is more common in young women and can also be associated with valvulopathy, a history of spontaneous abortion, renal involvement and vascular dementia. We describe three cases of young women with this disease. The patients had repeated ischemic cerebral episodes, livedo reticularis and thrombocytopenia. CT and MRI showed strokes and cerebral atrophy. Autopsy in one of the patients revealed cerebral infarctions. Anticardiolipin antibodies were detected in two patients. Antiphospholipid antibodies may be found in some patients with ischemic cerebrovascular events and livedo reticularis. SS may thus be associated with antiphospholipid syndrome. We described three new cases of SS and discuss the pathophysiology of this disease.
Subject(s)
Sneddon Syndrome/diagnosis , Adult , Antibodies, Antiphospholipid/blood , Cerebral Angiography , Echocardiography , Female , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Sneddon Syndrome/blood , Sneddon Syndrome/pathology , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
Sneddon's syndrome (SS) is characterized by ischemic cerebrovascular episodes and livedo reticularis. It is more common in young women and can also be associated with valvulopathy, a history of spontaneous abortion, renal involvement and vascular dementia. We describe three cases of young women with this disease. The patients had repeated ischemic cerebral episodes, livedo reticularis and thrombocytopenia. CT and MRI showed strokes and cerebral atrophy. Autopsy in one of the patients revealed cerebral infarctions. Anticardiolipin antibodies were detected in two patients. Antiphospholipid antibodies may be found in some patients with ischemic cerebrovascular events and livedo reticularis. SS may thus be associated with antiphospholipid syndrome. We described three new cases of SS and discuss the pathophysiology of this disease.
A síndrome de Sneddon é caracterizada por episódios cerebrovasculares isquêmicos e livedo reticular, sendo mais comum em mulheres jovens, e pode também apresentar valvulopatia, história de aborto, envolvimento renal e demência vascular. Descrevemos três mulheres jovens com esta entidade. Os pacientes apresentavam história de ataques isquêmicos cerebrais, livedo reticular e trombocitopenia. Tomografia computadorizada e ressonância magnética de crânio mostraram infartos e atrofia cerebral nos pacientes estudados. A autópsia revelou em um dos pacientes presença de infartos cerebrais. Anticorpos anticardiolipina foram observados em duas pacientes. Há pacientes com eventos cerebrovasculares isquêmicos e livedo reticular nos quais anticorpos antifosfolípides são detectados. Então SS pode estar associada com a síndrome antifosfolípide, porém em alguns pacientes estes anticorpos não são detectados. Nós descrevemos três novos casos de SS e discutimos os mecanismos fisiopatológicos desta síndrome.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Sneddon Syndrome/diagnosis , Antibodies, Antiphospholipid/blood , Cerebral Angiography , Echocardiography , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Sneddon Syndrome/blood , Sneddon Syndrome/pathology , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
The significance of the risk factors and the rapid diagnosis of encephalic vascular disease (EVD) is the reason for this research, where the authors decided to register and analyze the non-medical people knowledge about these risk factors and the symptoms of this group of disease. For this purpose a questionnaire with questions about these facts was applied to 500 voluntaries without pre-selection, 72.6% of them with ages between 16-35 years old, and the answers analyzed by statistical methods. The authors recognized that the risk factors has a good level of knowledge by this population (87.8 % for hypertension, 76.8 % for smoking, 70.8 % for obesity, 68.7 % for sedentary persons, 66.7 % to stress, 66.3 % to alcohol ingest, 60.7 % for fat diet, 59 % to illicit drugs) while the signs and symptoms of EVD has a minor level of knowing and correction: lost sensitivity 70.3 %, headache 64.2 %, twisted mouth 59.5 %, lost or altered speech 57.5 %, dizziness 56 %, syncope 51.7 %, amaurosis 50.3 %, disequilibrium 45 %, deafness 31.2 %, weakness 41.1 %, nervousness 20.7%, chest pain 20.2 %, fatigue 15.3 % and tinnitus 18.9 %. According this data, the authors suggest that the correction or prevention of risk factors as well the precocious medical attention by the recognition of symptoms of EVD must be the object of public health programs.
Subject(s)
Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Stroke/etiology , Adolescent , Adult , Educational Status , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Patient Education as Topic , Risk Factors , Stroke/physiopathology , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
A magnitude das doenças vasculares encefálicas (DVE), com a sua prevalência, gravidade e elevados índices de morbi-mortalidade, faz com que se busquem formas de prevençäo e de diagnóstico precoce. Considerando que as informaçöes sobre os fatores de risco e os sintomas de DVE, pelos doentes de risco e pela populaçäo em geral, tem um papel preponderante nesta estratégia de tratamento, os autores buscaram conhecer qual o grau deste conhecimento em um grupo populacional amplo e variado. Assim, aplicou-se em 500 pessoas leigas um questionário de que constavam questöes sobre os fatores de risco e sobre os sintomas de DVE com termos näo médicos. Os resultados da análise estatística mostraram surpreendente conhecimento sobre os fatores de risco, a par de menor reconhecimento sobre os sintomas e sinais de doença vascular. Os autores detalham os achados e comentam sobre este aspecto importante das DVE
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Stroke , Educational Status , Patient Education as Topic , Risk Factors , Stroke , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Realizamos análise epidemiológica de 164 pacientes com AVC, cujo primeiro episódio ocorreu entre 15 e 49 anos de idade através de um estudo retrospectivo de pacientes ambulatoriais. O principal tipo de apresentaçäo foi AVC isquêmico (AVCI) em 141 pacientes, ocorrendo AVC hemorrágico (AVCH) em16 casos e 7 pacientes com trombose venosa. A presença de fatores de risco aterotrombóticos foi prevalente, em 48,22 por cento dos pacientes com AVCI sendo que a hipertensäo arterial sistêmica (HAS), nos casos de AVCH, foi a etiologia mais frequente. Em 32 por cento dos casos näo se pode determinar a sua causa. Embora a populaçäo jovem possua determinantes diferentes e geralmente deva ter uma investigaçäo etiológica mais abrangente, no grupo estudado foram prevalentes os fatores de risco conhecidos e potencialmente controláveis, sugerindo que campanhas de prevençäo e detecçäo precoce devam ser incentivados
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Stroke/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Intracranial Embolism and Thrombosis/complications , Prevalence , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Stroke/etiologyABSTRACT
Para avaliar a utilizaçäo da tomografia axial computadorizada craniana (TC) em nosso meio, analisamos as solicitaçöes de 367 exames consecutivos no período compreendido entre 07/1995 e 07/1996. Houve ampla variaçäo da faixa etária, com média de 31,7 ± 22,9 anos. As especialidades que mais solicitaram o exame foram: Neurologia (36,2 por cento), Pronto Atendimento (17,4 por cento), Neuropediatria (16,9 por cento) e Clínica Médica (5,9 por cento). As indicaçöes mais frequentes para o exame foram: convulsäo (30 por cento), cefaléia (26,2 por cento), déficit motor (20,2 por cento) e reduçäo do nível de consciência (16,9 por cento). As "hipóteses" aventadas com maior frequência foram: afastar lesäo estrutural (9,0 por cento), acidente vascular näo discriminado (8,2 por cento) e neurocisticercose (8,2 por cento). O laudo da TC foi normal em 50,4 por cento dos exames. Os laudos anormais mais frequentes foram: hidrocefalia (5,4 por cento), acidente vascular isquêmico (5,4 por cento) e neoplasia (3,5 por cento). As maiores taxas de achados normais foram encontradas nas "hipóteses" de cefaléia (94,4 por cento), convulsäo (71,4 por cento) e afastar lesäo estrutural (66,7 por cento). Os maiores índices de acerto entre hipótese e laudo foram encontrados nas situaçöes de "afastar lesöes estruturais" (66,7 por cento), hidrocefalia (50 por cento), acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico (50 por cento) e hematoma (50 por cento). Concluimos que a utilizaçäo de um recurso auxiliar de diagnóstico como a TC cumpre melhor ainda a sua funçäo se o requisitante do exame preencher com clareza e detalhamento o pedido do exame
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Head , Nervous System Diseases , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/statistics & numerical data , Aged, 80 and over , Cross-Sectional Studies , Headache , Movement Disorders/pathology , Radiology Department, Hospital , SeizuresABSTRACT
We report three patients who collectively have very representative clinical forms of neuro-Behçet and different neurological findings. The first case, male, 49 years old, presents symptoms similar to multiple sclerosis. The second case, male 15 years old, presents with parenchymatous compromise and an association with antiphospholipid antibody. And the third case, female 25 years old, presents an acute meningitis. Neuro-Behçet must always be included as a differential diagnosis of neurological disorders that have any difficulties in establishing a definite diagnosis
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Behcet Syndrome/diagnosis , Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic/blood , Behcet Syndrome/blood , Behcet Syndrome/cerebrospinal fluid , Blood Protein Electrophoresis , Immunoglobulin A/blood , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Immunoglobulin M/blood , Serum Albumin/analysisABSTRACT
Os autores apresentam uma revisäo sobre os efeitos adversos das doenças renais sobre o sistema nervoso. A insuficiência renal afeta o sistema nervoso com elevada frequência. Este artigo aborda aspectos da insuficiência renal aguda e crônica e as manifestaçöes neurológicas, sejam periféricas ou centrais, ocasionadas por esta doença. A uremia, uma consequência metabólica direta da insuficiência renal, pode afetar o sistema nervoso central e periférico. O transplante renal e as drogas imunossupressoras com elevada frequência causam problemas neurológicos no pós-operatório, como: infecçöes, distúrbios linfoproliferativos pós-transplante e distúrbios do movimento secundários ao uso da ciclosporina. A diálise está associada a uma variedade de complicaçöes como: síndrome do desequilíbrio, síndrome diálise-demência, hematoma subdural e encelalopatia de Wernicke. Aspectos importantes da fisiopatologia, manifestaçöes clínicas, investigaçäo e o tratamento dessas complicaçöes também säo revisados neste artigo
