Endothelial cells require functional FLVCR1a during developmental and adult angiogenesis.

The Feline Leukemia Virus Subgroup C Receptor 1a (FLVCR1a) is a transmembrane heme exporter essential for embryonic vascular development. However, the exact role of FLVCR1a during blood vessel development remains largely undefined. Here, we show that FLVCR1a is highly expressed in angiogenic endothelial cells (ECs) compared to quiescent ECs. Consistently, ECs lacking FLVCR1a give rise to structurally and functionally abnormal vascular networks in multiple models of developmental and pathologic angiogenesis. Firstly, zebrafish embryos without FLVCR1a displayed defective intersegmental vessels formation. Furthermore, endothelial-specific Flvcr1a targeting in mice led to a reduced radial expansion of the retinal vasculature associated to decreased EC proliferation. Moreover, Flvcr1a null retinas showed defective vascular organization and loose attachment of pericytes. Finally, adult neo-angiogenesis is severely affected in murine models of tumor angiogenesis. Tumor blood vessels lacking Flvcr1a were disorganized and dysfunctional. Collectively, our results demonstrate the critical role of FLVCR1a as a regulator of developmental and pathological angiogenesis identifying FLVCR1a as a potential therapeutic target in human diseases characterized by aberrant neovascularization.

At-home transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation: a therapeutic alternative in the management of pediatric overactive bladder syndrome. / Influencia del sobrepeso y obesidad infantil en la apendicitis aguda en niños. Estudio de cohortes.

INTRODUCTION: In recent years, bladder electroneurostimulation or TENS (Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation) has emerged as a new alternative in the management of lower urinary tract dysfunctions. Our objective was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this therapy in children with overactive bladder. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective study of patients diagnosed with overactive bladder and treated with electroneurostimulation. The system was maintained for 6 months. The severity of urinary symptoms was assessed using the PLUTSS (Pediatric Lower Urinary Tract Scoring System) questionnaire. RESULTS: A total of 21 patients were included in the study, with an average age of 10 years (range: 6-16). The most frequent symptoms were incontinence (89%) and urgency (100%). Statistically significant differences (p<0.05) in mean PLUTSS scores between treatment initiation and treatment completion were found: PLUTSS was 17.8 (range: 10-29) at baseline, 7.21 (range: 2-16) at month 3, and 5.6 (range: 3-12) at month 6. The maximum voiding volume of all patients increased after 6 months of treatment. All patients had their quality of life improved at the end of the study. CONCLUSIONS: Home TENS therapy is a safe and effective option in the management of overactive bladder in the pediatric population. However, further randomized studies should be carried out to protocolize and clarify the effectiveness of this therapeutic approach.

INTRODUCCION: La electroneuroestimulación vesical o TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation) ha surgido como nueva alternativa en el manejo de las disfunciones del tracto urinario inferior. Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar la eficacia y seguridad de esta terapia en niños con diagnóstico de vejiga hiperactiva. MATERIAL Y METODOS: Estudio prospectivo de pacientes con diagnóstico de vejiga hiperactiva tratados con electroneuroestimulación. La terapia con TENS domiciliario se mantuvo durante 6 meses. Evaluamos la severidad de la sintomatología urinaria utilizando el cuestionario PLUTSS (Pediatric Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Score). RESULTADOS: Un total de 21 pacientes (13 niñas) fueron incluidos en el estudio, con una edad media de 10 años (Rango: 6-16). Los síntomas más frecuentes fueron: incontinencia (89%) y urgencia (100%). Encontramos diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p<0,05) en los valores medios del PLUTSS antes de iniciar tratamiento y al finalizar el mismo: PLUTSS inicial 17,8 (Rango: 10-29), a los 3 meses: 7,21 (Rango: 2-16), a los 6 meses: 5,6 (Rango: 3-12). El volumen miccional máximo de todos los pacientes aumentó a los 6 meses de tratamiento. Todos los pacientes sintieron una mejora en su calidad de vida al finalizar el estudio. CONCLUSIONES: La terapia con TENS domiciliario parece una opción segura y eficaz en el manejo de la vejiga hiperactiva, sin embargo, deben ser realizados más estudios randomizados para demostrar su efectividad y protocolizar su aplicación en los pacientes en edad pediátrica.

Histological and radiological evaluation of subcutaneous implants in mouse of a 3D-printable material (Fulcure 720) and experimental application in mandibular reconstruction.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to evaluate the bioactivity of Fullcure compared to porous polyethylene implants (Medpor) in rats prior to custom-made scaffold support manufacturing for mandible segmental defects (MSD) reconstruction in sheep. METHODS: Twelve Fullcure and Medpor laminaes were implanted in the left and right dorsum respectively of six wistar rats. Toxicity was assessed by skin, kidney and liver histopathology three months post-implantation. Computed Tomography (CT) was carried out in order to assess radiological differences between implants. Fullcure containers were subsequently manufactured by CAD/CAM to hold scaffold cylinders for MSD reconstruction in sheep. RESULTS: No statistical differences were observed in tissue response between implants. Fullcure radiodensity was higher than Medpor (P<0.05). Fullcure manufactured support was successfully used for mandible repair in sheep. Nevertheless, the manufactured container did not accomplish the goal of guiding new bone formation according to the mandible shape. CONCLUSIONS: Fullcure showed similar biocompatibility and stronger radiodensity than Medpor. Despite its cheaper price and endless 3D-printing possibilities as scaffold holder for mandible reconstruction, further animal studies are needed to ensure Fullcure biocompatibility as implantable biomaterial.

[Management of recurrent urethrocutaneous fistula after hypospadias surgery in pediatric patients: initial experience with dermal regeneration sheet Integra]. / Manejo de la fístula uretrocutánea recurrente tras cirugía de hipospadias: experiencia inicial con lámina de regeneración dérmica.

OBJECTIVE: To present our initial experience using a dermal regeneration sheet as an urethral cover in the repair of recurrent urethrocutaneous fistulae in pediatric patients. METHODS: Since May 2016 to March a total of 8 fistulaes were repaired using this new technique. We performed the ddissection of the fistulous tract and posterior closure of the urethral defect. A dermal regeneration sheet was used to cover the urethral suture. Finally a rotational flap was performed to avoid overlap sutures. RESULTS: During the follow-up (average 6 months), one patient presented in the immediate postoperative period infection of the surgical wound. This patient presented recurrence of the fistula. 88% of the patients included presented a good evolution with no other complications. CONCLUSIONS: In our initial experience the new technique seems easy, safe and effective in the management of the recurrent urethrocutaneous fistulae in pediatric patients. More studies are needed to prove these results.

OBJETIVO: Describir nuestra experiencia inicial en la reparación de la fístula uretrocutánea recurrente en la población pediátrica, mediante el uso de una lámina de regeneración dérmica como cobertura uretral. MATERIAL Y METODOS: Desde mayo del 2016 hasta marzo del 2017 se repararon 8 fístulas uretrocutáneas mediante esta técnica. Se realizó la disección del trayecto fistuloso, la sección del mismo y el posterior cierre del defecto uretral. Una lámina de regeneración dérmica monocapa se utilizó como cobertura sobre la sutura uretral. Finalmente se realizó un colgajo cutáneo de rotación evitando la superposición de las suturas. Los pacientes fueron seguidos mensualmente en consulta mediante exploración física. RESULTADOS: Durante un seguimiento medio de 6 meses (R: 2-10), únicamente 1 paciente (12%), que sufrió una infección de la herida quirúrgica durante el postoperatorio inmediato, sufrió una recidiva de la fístula uretrocutánea. El resto de los pacientes (88%) no desarrollaron ninguna complicación durante su evolución. CONCLUSION: En nuestra experiencia inicial, la técnica descrita parece sencilla, segura y eficaz en el manejo de los pacientes con fístulas uretrocutáneas recurrentes. No obstante, estudios a largo plazo son necesarios para corroborar estos resultados.

Resultados de una intervención para disminuir prescripciones potencialmente inapropiadas de bloqueadores beta y calcioantagonistas / Results of an intervention to reduce potentially inappropriate prescriptions of beta blockers and calcium channel blockers

Objetivo. Determinar la frecuencia de prescripción simultánea entre bloqueadores beta y calcioantagonistas cardiodepresores, notificar a los responsables de la atención sanitaria el riesgo cardiovascular al que están expuestos esos pacientes y conseguir una reducción en el número de quienes los utilizan. Métodos. Estudio cuasi-experimental, prospectivo, desarrollando una intervención en médicos prescriptores de pacientes mayores de 65 años, tratados entre el 1 de enero y el 30 de julio de 2014, afiliados al Sistema de Salud en 101 ciudades de Colombia. Se identificaron 43.180 pacientes que mensualmente recibían algún bloqueador beta y 14.560 que recibían un calcioantagonista cardiodepresor. Se realizaron intervenciones educativas y se evaluó en los siguientes 3 meses la proporción de suspensión de alguno de los fármacos. Se evaluaron las variables sociodemográficas y farmacológicas. Resultados. Se identificaron 535 pacientes que recibían concomitantemente bloqueadores beta más calcioantagonista cardiodepresor, con edad media 75,8 ± 6,7 años. Tras 66 intervenciones educativas se logró modificación de la terapia en 235 pacientes (43,9% de usuarios). En 209 casos (88,9%) se suspendió uno de los 2 medicamentos, un 11,1% cambió por otros antihipertensivos. Las variables tener más de 85 años (OR: 1,93; IC 95%:1,07-3,50) y recibir comedicación con inhibidores del sistema renina-angiotensina (OR: 2,16; IC 95%: 1,28-3,65) se asociaron con un mayor riesgo de que el responsable de la atención en salud cambiara o suspendiera alguno de los fármacos. Conclusiones. Se logró una positiva adherencia por parte de los prestadores del servicio sanitario a recomendaciones sobre utilización adecuada de bloqueadores beta y calcioantagonistas cardiodepresores. Se deben reforzar programas de intervención de prescripciones inapropiadas que disminuyan potenciales riesgos para los pacientes en tratamiento para enfermedades cardiovasculares (AU)

Objective. To determine the frequency of simultaneous prescription of β-blockers and calcium channel blockers, notify the cardiovascular risk of these patients to the health care professionals in charge of them, and achieve a reduction in the number of those who use them. Methods. Quasi-experimental, prospective study by developing an intervention on medical prescriptions of patients older than 65 years treated between January 1 and July 30, 2014, affiliated to the Health System in 101 cities in Colombia. A total of 43,180 patients received a β-blocker each month, and 14,560 receiving a calcium channel blocker were identified. Educational interventions were performed and an evaluation was made, using sociodemographic and pharmacological variables, on the number of patients that stopped taking any of the two drugs in the following three months. Results. A total of 535 patients, with a mean age 75.8 ± 6.7 years received concomitant β-blockers plus calcium channel blockers. Modification of therapy was achieved in 235 patients (43.9% of users) after 66 educational interventions. In 209 cases (88.9%) one of the two drugs was suspended, and 11.1% changed to other antihypertensive drugs. The variable of being more than 85 years old (OR: 1.93; 95% CI: 1.07-3.50), and receiving concomitant medication with inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system (OR: 2.16; 95% CI: 1.28-3.65) were associated with increased risk of their doctor changing or stopping the prescription. Conclusions. An improved adherence to recommendations for appropriate use of β-blockers and calcium channel blockers by health service providers was achieved. Intervention programs that reduce potentially inappropriate prescriptions for patients treated for cardiovascular disease should be used more frequently (AU)

Estudio de prescripción-indicación en pacientes que reciben antiepilépticos en Colombia / Drug utilisation study in patients receiving antiepileptic drugs in Colombia

Introducción: Determinar las indicaciones por las cuales se prescriben y utilizan antiepilépticos en una población de pacientes afiliados al Sistema General de Seguridad Social en Salud (SGSSS) de Colombia. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de corte transversal. A partir de todos los individuos que utilizaron antiepilépticos entre el 18 de julio de 2013 y el 31 de agosto de 2014 en 34 ciudades colombianas durante un periodo no inferior a 12 meses, se realizó un muestreo aleatorizado estratificado por ciudades. Se analizaron variables sociodemográficas, farmacológicas y comorbilidades. Se compararon variables continuas y categóricas, y se realizaron modelos de regresión logística. Resultados: De un total de 373 sujetos, se hallaron 197 mujeres (52,1%); el promedio de edad fue de 41,9 ± 21,7 años; predominó la monoterapia en el 65,% de los pacientes. Los medicamentos más utilizados fueron ácido valproico (53,1%) y carbamazepina (33,2%). La epilepsia fue la indicación más frecuente (n = 178; 47,7%); sin embargo, en el 52,3% de pacientes se utilizaron para indicaciones diferentes, especialmente dolor neuropático (26,8%), trastornos afectivos (14,2%) y profilaxis de migraña (12,3%). Un total de 81 pacientes con epilepsia (46,6%) estaban en control sintomático, mientras otros 25 casos (14,4%) presentaban epilepsia resistente a fármacos. En el análisis multivariado la adherencia al tratamiento se asoció con menor riesgo de fracaso terapéutico en pacientes con epilepsia (OR: 0,27; IC 95%: 0,11-0,67). Conclusiones: Los fármacos antiepilépticos en Colombia se están utilizando en indicaciones diferentes para las que fueron inicialmente diseñados. La monoterapia es la estrategia terapéutica más empleada, al igual que el uso de medicamentos clásicos dentro del grupo

Introduction: This study examines the indications according to which antiepileptic drugs are prescribed and used in a population of patients enrolled in the Colombian national health system (SGSSS). Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional study. From the pool of individuals in 34 Colombian cities who used antiepileptic drugs between 18 July, 2013 and 31 August, 2014 during a period of no less than 12 months, we obtained a random sample stratified by city. Socio-demographic, pharmacological and comorbidity variables were analysed. Continuous and categorical variables were compared, and logistic regression models were used. Results: Our patient total was 373 patients, with 197 women (52.1%) and a mean age of 41.9 ± 21.7 years; 65.4% of the patients were treated with monotherapy. The most frequently used drugs were valproic acid (53.1%) and carbamazepine (33.2%). Epilepsy was the most frequent indication (n = 178; 47.7%); however, 52.3% of the patients were prescribed antiepileptics for different indications, especially neuropathic pain (26.8%), affective disorders (14.2%) and migraine prophylaxis (12.3%). A total of 81 patients with epilepsy (46.6%) displayed good seizure control while another 25 (14.4%) had drug-resistant epilepsy. In the multivariate analysis, medication adherence was associated with a lower risk of treatment failure in patients with epilepsy (OR: 0.27; 95% CI, 0.11-0.67). Conclusions: In Colombia, antiepileptic drugs are being used for indications other than those originally intended. Monotherapy is the most commonly used treatment approach, together with the use of classic antiepileptic drugs

Drug utilisation study in patients receiving antiepileptic drugs in Colombia.

INTRODUCTION: This study examines the indications according to which antiepileptic drugs are prescribed and used in a population of patients enrolled in the Colombian national health system (SGSSS). METHODS: Retrospective cross-sectional study. From the pool of individuals in 34 Colombian cities who used antiepileptic drugs between 18 July, 2013 and 31 August, 2014 during a period of no less than 12 months, we obtained a random sample stratified by city. Socio-demographic, pharmacological and comorbidity variables were analysed. Continuous and categorical variables were compared, and logistic regression models were used. RESULTS: Our patient total was 373 patients, with 197 women (52.1%) and a mean age of 41.9 ± 21.7 years; 65.4% of the patients were treated with monotherapy. The most frequently used drugs were valproic acid (53.1%) and carbamazepine (33.2%). Epilepsy was the most frequent indication (n=178; 47.7%); however, 52.3% of the patients were prescribed antiepileptics for different indications, especially neuropathic pain (26.8%), affective disorders (14.2%) and migraine prophylaxis (12.3%). A total of 81 patients with epilepsy (46.6%) displayed good seizure control while another 25 (14.4%) had drug-resistant epilepsy. In the multivariate analysis, medication adherence was associated with a lower risk of treatment failure in patients with epilepsy (OR: 0.27; 95%CI, 0.11-0.67). CONCLUSIONS: In Colombia, antiepileptic drugs are being used for indications other than those originally intended. Monotherapy is the most commonly used treatment approach, together with the use of classic antiepileptic drugs.

[Results of an intervention to reduce potentially inappropriate prescriptions of beta blockers and calcium channel blockers]. / Resultados de una intervención para disminuir prescripciones potencialmente inapropiadas de bloqueadores beta y calcioantagonistas.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of simultaneous prescription of ß-blockers and calcium channel blockers, notify the cardiovascular risk of these patients to the health care professionals in charge of them, and achieve a reduction in the number of those who use them. METHODS: Quasi-experimental, prospective study by developing an intervention on medical prescriptions of patients older than 65 years treated between January 1 and July 30, 2014, affiliated to the Health System in 101 cities in Colombia. A total of 43,180 patients received a ß-blocker each month, and 14,560 receiving a calcium channel blocker were identified. Educational interventions were performed and an evaluation was made, using sociodemographic and pharmacological variables, on the number of patients that stopped taking any of the two drugs in the following three months. RESULTS: A total of 535 patients, with a mean age 75.8±6.7 years received concomitant ß-blockers plus calcium channel blockers. Modification of therapy was achieved in 235 patients (43.9% of users) after 66 educational interventions. In 209 cases (88.9%) one of the two drugs was suspended, and 11.1% changed to other antihypertensive drugs. The variable of being more than 85 years old (OR: 1.93; 95% CI: 1.07-3.50), and receiving concomitant medication with inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system (OR: 2.16; 95% CI: 1.28-3.65) were associated with increased risk of their doctor changing or stopping the prescription. CONCLUSIONS: An improved adherence to recommendations for appropriate use of ß-blockers and calcium channel blockers by health service providers was achieved. Intervention programs that reduce potentially inappropriate prescriptions for patients treated for cardiovascular disease should be used more frequently.

Línea hiperpigmentada del calcetín / Sock-line hyperpigmentation

No disponible

Comparison of micronuclei frequency in bone marrow cells of three rat lines.

The aim of this paper is to compare the spontaneous and induced with cyclophosphamide micronucleus indexes in bone marrow cells of the Sprague Dawley, Lewis and Wistar rat lines. Five experimental groups were formed (10 animals of each sex and of each line, in every group). The first group was used as the negative control (intact animals), the second one was exposed to oral administration of drugs; other conditions were the same as for the other groups. The third group was treated with 2% Tween 65 and the fourth group was treated with 0.9% NaCl. Both substances were administered by oral way to 2 ml/kg during 14 days. The fifth group was treated intraperitoneally with strong mutagen cyclophosphamide in the dose of 50 mg/kg (10 ml/kg in solution), on 48th and 24th hours before euthanasia. The Sprague Dawley line (both sexes) was significantly different from the other lines. Rats of this line had lower index of spontaneous formation of micronuclei, higher index of cyclophosphamide-induced micronucle formation, percent of micronucleated erythrocytes in bone marrow and the index of cytotoxicity. The results obtained make it possible to identify the most appropriate line of rats as model animals for studies of genotoxicity. It will allow also to obtain more accurate estimates of genotoxicity of various substances.

Antiaterogenicidad in vitro de extractos del alga marina Halimeda incrassata: actividad antioxidante y estudios de migración en células de la musculatura lisa / In vitro antiatherogenicity of extracts from Halimeda incrassata seaweed: antioxidant activity and smooth muscle cell migration studies

Objetivos: El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el potencial ateroprotector in vitro del alga Halimeda incrassata en la migración de células de músculo liso de ratón y la oxidación de lipoproteínas en relación con su actividad antioxidante. Material y métodos: La actividad antioxidante fue determinada mediante los métodos de inhibición de radicales DPPH y la Capacidad antioxidante total (ORAC). La actividad inhibitoria de la oxidación de LDL mediada por iones Cu2+ se determinó por la cuantificación de TBARS y dienos conjugados. El efecto del extracto acuoso sobre la migración de las células de músculo liso se evaluó en la línea de células de músculo liso aórtica de ratón MOVAS-1. Resultados: Se demostró el efecto inhibidor del extracto sobre la oxidación de LDL mediada por Cu2+. El extracto del alga causa inhibición dosis-dependiente de la formación de TBARS (IC50 = 0,8 mg/mL) y dienos conjugados. Las algas tuvieron una alta actividad antioxidante en los ensayos realizados y podría estar relacionada con el contenido de compuestos fenólicos. Conclusiones: Los resultados de este trabajo representan un paso más en la caracterización de la acción ateroprotectora de Halimeda incrassata y evidencian sus posibles aplicaciones como nutracéutico y/o fitofármaco (AU)

Aim: The aim of this work was to evaluate the in vitro atheroprotective potential of the seaweed Halimeda incrassata in smooth muscle cell migration and lipoprotein oxidation in relation to its antioxidant activity. Material and methods: Antioxidant activity was determinate by DPPH• radical scavenging assay and ORAC method. The inhibitory effect of the aqueous extract on LDL oxidation mediated by Cu2+ ions was determinate by TBARS and conjugated diene quantification. The effect of the seaweed aqueous extract on smooth muscle cell migration was evaluated in MOVAS-1 mouse aortic smooth muscle cell. Results: The inhibitory effect of the aqueous extract on lipoprotein oxidation mediated by Cu2+ was demonstrated. Seaweed extract caused dose-dependent inhibition of TBARS (IC50 = 0.8 mg/mL) and conjugated dienes formation. The seaweed had a high antioxidant activity in the assays performed. The activity could be related to the phenolic content of Halimeda incrassata. Conclusions: In summary, the results of this study represent a further step in the characterization of the atheroprotective action of Halimeda incrassata and indicate the seaweed could be used for a nutraceutical and/or phytoterapeutic application (AU)

Evaluaciones toxicológicas de un extracto acuoso del alga marina Bryothamnion triquetrum (Gmelin) M. A. Howe en estudios in vitro y modelos animales / Toxicological assessments of aqueous extracts from seaweeds Bryothamnion triquetrum (Gmelin) M. A. Howe in vitro and models animal studies

Objetivo: El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la toxicidad de un extracto acuoso del alga marina Bryothamnion triquetrum. Métodos: El ensayo de Ames se desarrolló con las cepas de S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537 y TA 1538 con y sin activación metabólica. El estudio de citotoxicidad se realizó con células intestinales Caco-2 durante 24 y 48 horas de exposición al extracto y la viabilidad fue evaluada con la técnica de yoduro de propidio. El Estudio de Toxicidad Aguda se realizó con ratones Balc/c machos por vía oral e intraperitoneal y el Ensayo de Toxicidad por Dosis Repetidas se desarrolló con ratas Wistar de ambos sexos, durante 3 meses por vía oral con dosis de 8 y 32 mg/kg. Resultados: En el estudio de citotoxicidad con células Caco-2 se obtuvieron CL50 de 9,3 y 4,5 mg/mL con exposiciones de 24 y 48 horas respectivamente. El ensayo de Ames evidencia que no es mutágeno directo ni promutágeno hasta 1000 microg. La DL50 del extracto por vía intraperitoneal fue de 1205 mg/kg y por vía oral no se observó mortalidad en dosis de 2000 mg/kg. En el estudio de Toxicidad por Dosis Repetidas no se observó toxicidad. Conclusiones: A partir de estos resultados se puede postular que el extracto acuoso del alga marina B. triquetrum es inocuo, consideración necesaria, entre otras, para su posible uso como nutracéutico y/o fitofármaco(AU)

Aim: The aim of this work was to evaluate the toxicity of an aqueous extract from seaweed Bryothamnion triquetrum. Materials and Methods: Ames assay was developed with S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537 and TA 1538 with and without metabolic activation. Citotoxicity study was carried out with intestinal cells Caco-2 during 24 and 48 hours of exhibition to the extract and the viability was evaluated with the technique of Propidium iodide. Acute Toxicity was carried out with mice Balc/c males for via oral and intraperitoneal and the Toxicity for Repeated Dose was developed with rats Wistar of both sexes, during 3 months for via oral with dose of 8 and 32 mg/kg. Results: Results of Ames assays showed that this extract is not direct mutagen or promutagen in quantity until 1000 microg. The cytotoxic effect (LC50) of Caco-2 cells after 24 and 48 h of exposition were 9,3 and 4,5 mg/mL respectively. The LD50 of the extract, with intraperitoneal administration was 1205 mg/kg and by oral via not produce mortality in doses until 2000 mg/kg. At the doses of 8 and 32 mg/kg of extract, the repeated oral administration produced no toxic effects. Conclusions: In summary, this paper adds convincing evidences in support of innocuous of the aqueous extract of B.triquetrum. Altogether; these results represent another step towards the use of this natural product as phytotherapeutical agent(AU)

Respuesta de ratones Balb/c frente a ciclofosfamida y bleomicina en el ensayo cometa alcalino de linfocitos de sangre periférica / Balb/c mice response against cyclophosphamide and bleomycin in the alkaline comet assay of peripheral blood lymphocytes

En este artículo se evaluó el efecto mutágenico de la ciclofosfamida y bleomicina, con el objetivo de armonizar el número de exposiciones al ser utilizadas como controles positivos en ensayos in vivo de genotoxicidad, mediante el ensayo cometa alcalino. Se realizó en linfocitos de sangre periférica, utilizando 10 ratones/grupo/sexo de la línea Balb/c como biomodelo experimental. Fueron formados 5 grupos experimentales/sexo, el primero administrado con NaCl al 0,9% por vía intraperitoneal (i.p) como control negativo. El segundo y el tercero administrados con ciclofosfamida por vía i.p, con diseños de tratamientos diferentes en dosis de 50 mg/kg. El cuarto y quinto grupo fueron administrados con bleomicina por vía i.p, igualmente en dos diseños de tratamientos diferentes en dosis de 20 mg/kg. El mayor valor de inducción de daño se obtuvo con el uso de la ciclofosfamida y bleomicina, ambas en el diseño de administración de 48 y 24 horas antes de la eutanasia. Este estudio será aplicable a la evaluación de drogas que no han sido exploradas en el ámbito de la antigenotoxicidad y genotoxicidad in vivo. Además permitirá contar con un mayor conocimiento acerca de este ensayo, favoreciendo su validación (AU)

In this article were evaluated the mutagenic effect of cyclophosphamide and bleomycin, with the objective of harmonizing the number of exhibitions when being used as positive controls on in vivo genotoxicity assay, by means of alkaline comet assay. It was carried out in peripheral blood lymphocytes, using 10 mice/group/sex of the Balb/c line as experimental biomodel. We were formed 5 experimental groups per sex. The first group was administered with NaCl 0,9 % by intraperitoneal (i.p) route. The second and third groups were administered with cyclophosphamide by i.p route, with designs of different treatments at doses of 50 mg/kg. The fourth and fifth groups were administered with bleomycin by i.p route, equally in two designs of different treatments at doses of 20 mg/kg. The bigger inductions of damage were obtained with the use of the cyclophosphamide and bleomycin, both in the design of 48 and 24 hours administration before the euthanasia. This study will be applicable to the drugs evaluation that they have not been explored in to the in vivo antigenotoxicity and genotoxicity environment. It will also allow having a bigger knowledge about this assay, favoring their validation (AU)

Comparación de la respuesta de ratas Sprague Dawley frente a ciclofosfamida y bleomicina en el ensayo de la morfología de la cabeza del espermatozoide / Comparison of the Sprague Dawley rat’s response against cyclophosphamide and bleomycin in the head sperm morphology assay

El ensayo de la morfología de la cabeza del espermatozoide permite el estudio del potencialgenotóxico de muestras problemas a nivel celular, esta herramienta evalúa los cambios efectuados enla concentración espermática, así como el aumento de la frecuencia espontánea de cabezas deespermatozoides morfológicamente anormales. En este artículo decidimos evaluar y comparar en elbiomodelo de ratas Sprague Dawley machos, el efecto de dos sustancias mutagénicas en este ensayo,la Ciclofosfamida (CF) en dosis de 50 mg/kg y la Bleomicina (BL) en dosis de 30 mg/kg,administradas por vía intraperitoneal durante 5 días consecutivos, siendo sacrificados los animales 52días después de la última administración de los mutágenos. Se obtuvo como resultado que ambosmutágenos disminuyeron la concentración espermática y aumentaron el índice espontáneo de cabezasanómalas en los espermatozoides, siendo observado un marcado efecto mutagénico en la CF encomparación con la BL. Al final de la experiencia se obtuvieron mayores resultados de inducción decabezas de espermatozoides anómalas con el uso de la CF. Estos resultados reafirman el uso de estemutágeno como control positivo eficiente y seguro en este ensayo el cual se encuentra incluido en losestudios de genotoxicidad y toxicología de la fertilidad(AU)

The head sperm morphology assay, allows the study of the genotoxic potencial of samples at thecellular level problems; this tool to evaluate the spermatic concentration changes, as well as theincrease of the spontaneous heads frequency of sperms morphology abnormal. In this article we decideto evaluate and to compare in the Sprague Dawley males rats, the effect of two mutagenic substancesin these assay, the Cyclophosphamide, (CF) in dose of 50 mg/kg and the Bleomycin (BL) in dose of30 mg/kg, administered by intraperitoneal route during 5 consecutive days, being sacrificed theanimals 52 days after the last administration of the mutagens. It was obtained that both mutagendiminished the spermatic concentration and they increased the spontaneous index of anomaloussperms heads, being observed a marked mutagenic effect in the CF in comparison with the BL. At theend of the experience bigger results of induction of anomalous heads sperms were obtained with theuse of the CF. These results reaffirm the use of this mutagen as efficient and safe positive control inthis assay which is included in the genotoxicity studies and fertility toxicology(AU)