Consensus on the management of astigmatism in cataract surgery.

This project was aimed at achieving consensus on the management of astigmatism during cataract surgery by ophthalmologists from Latin America using modified Delphi technique. Relevant peer-reviewed literature was identified, and 21 clinical research questions associated with the definition, classification, measurement, and treatment of astigmatism during cataract surgery were formulated. Twenty participants were divided into seven groups, and each group was assigned three questions to which they had to respond in written form, after thoroughly reviewing the literature. The assigned questions with corresponding responses by each group were discussed with other participants in round 4 - presentation of findings. The consensus was achieved if approval was obtained from at least 80% of participants. The present paper provides several agreements and recommendations for management of astigmatism during cataract surgery, which could potentially minimize the variability in practice patterns and help ophthalmologists adopt optimal practices for cataract patients with astigmatism and improve patient satisfaction.

Expanding the cone location and magnitude index to include corneal thickness and posterior surface information for the detection of keratoconus.

PURPOSE: To extend the capabilities of the Cone Location and Magnitude Index algorithm to include a combination of topographic information from the anterior and posterior corneal surfaces and corneal thickness measurements to further improve our ability to correctly identify keratoconus using this new index: ConeLocationMagnitudeIndex_X. DESIGN: Retrospective case-control study. METHODS: Three independent data sets were analyzed: 1 development and 2 validation. The AnteriorCornealPower index was calculated to stratify the keratoconus data from mild to severe. The ConeLocationMagnitudeIndex algorithm was applied to all tomography data collected using a dual Scheimpflug-Placido-based tomographer. The ConeLocationMagnitudeIndex_X formula, resulting from analysis of the Development set, was used to determine the logistic regression model that best separates keratoconus from normal and was applied to all data sets to calculate PercentProbabilityKeratoconus_X. The sensitivity/specificity of PercentProbabilityKeratoconus_X was compared with the original PercentProbabilityKeratoconus, which only uses anterior axial data. RESULTS: The AnteriorCornealPower severity distribution for the combined data sets are 136 mild, 12 moderate, and 7 severe. The logistic regression model generated for ConeLocationMagnitudeIndex_X produces complete separation for the Development set. Validation Set 1 has 1 false-negative and Validation Set 2 has 1 false-positive. The overall sensitivity/specificity results for the logistic model produced using the ConeLocationMagnitudeIndex_X algorithm are 99.4% and 99.6%, respectively. The overall sensitivity/specificity results for using the original ConeLocationMagnitudeIndex algorithm are 89.2% and 98.8%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: ConeLocationMagnitudeIndex_X provides a robust index that can detect the presence or absence of a keratoconic pattern in corneal tomography maps with improved sensitivity/specificity from the original anterior surface-only ConeLocationMagnitudeIndex algorithm.

Endoftalmitis por Pseudomonas aeruginosa posterior a queratoplastia penetrante, reporte de caso con investigación epidemiológica / Endophthalmitis by Pseudomonas aeruginosa after penetrating

Introducción. Una endoftalmitis post-keratoplastia penetrante por Pseudomonas aeruginosa representa un caso devastador con muy pobre pronostico visual. Objetivo. Determinar el origen de una infección luego de una queratoplastia penetrante. Materiales y métodos. Se efectuó una investigación epidemiológica de un caso de endoftalmitis con el soporte de un equipo humano compuesto por epidemiólogo, infectólogo, bacteriólogo y oftalmólogos especialistas en córnea. Se evaluaron los aspectos en los cuales pudiera existir el riesgo de adquirirse la infección como en el momento de la extracción, el procesamiento y la preservación de la de la córnea, las características del donante, el receptor y la bacteria infectante, además de los detalles relacionados al evento quirúrgico. Resultados. No se encontraron riesgos en la institución, en las instalaciones del banco de ojos, en el donante ni el receptor. Se encontró que en el sitio de la extracción en la morgue no se podía garantizar una técnica esteril y se documento la presentación de otros casos aislados de endoftalmitis pos queratoplastia penetrante con tejidos de la misma morgue y procesados por dos bancos de ojos de la misma ciudad. Las características de la Pseudomonas multirresistente demostraban que venía de un medio hospitalario con exposición previa a múltiples antibióticos. Conclusiones. El sitio de la extracción de las corneas debe garantizar una preparación antiséptica y una recuperación aséptica del tejido donante pues en este estudio aunque no se pudo establecer con certeza la fuente de la infección, los hallazgos llevaron a sospechar una posible contaminación en la morgue.

Introduction. An endophthalmitis following penetrating keratoplasty by Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a devasting case with very poor visual outcomes.Objective. To determine the origin of an infection after a penetrating keratoplasty. Materials and methods. After an endophthalmitis an epidemiological study was undertaken with the approval of the ethics committee and support of a medical team comprised of an epidemiologist, infectologist, bacteriologist and ophthalmologists specializing in cornea. Factors that may have contributed to the risk of infection were assessed, for example, the processing and preservation of the cornea in the moment of the extraction, the characteristics of the donor, recipient and infecting bacterium, as well as the details pertaining to the surgical operation. Results. No risks factors were found in the institution, in the eye bank facilities, in the donor or in the receptor. However, sterile technique could not be guaranteed in the morgue where the corneal extraction occurred, and other isolated cases of endophthalmitis post-keratoplasty had been documented involving tissues from the same morgue that had been processed by two eye banks in the same city. Characteristics of the multi-resistant Pseudomonas sp. demonstrated its origin from a hospital environment due to its previous exposure to a variety of antibiotics.Conclusions. Corneal extraction site must guarantee an antiseptic preparation and aseptic tissue donor recuperation; although in this study it was not feasible to accurately establish the infection source, all of the findings led to suspect a possible contamination at the morgue.

Endophthalmitis by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. after penetrating keratoplasty, case report with an epidemiological investigation.

INTRODUCTION: An endophthalmitis following penetrating keratoplasty by Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a devasting case with very poor visual outcomes. OBJECTIVE: To determine the origin of an infection after a penetrating keratoplasty. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After an endophthalmitis an epidemiological study was undertaken with the approval of the ethics committee and support of a medical team comprised of an epidemiologist, infectologist, bacteriologist and ophthalmologists specializing in cornea. Factors that may have contributed to the risk of infection were assessed, for example, the processing and preservation of the cornea in the moment of the extraction, the characteristics of the donor, recipient and infecting bacterium, as well as the details pertaining to the surgical operation. RESULTS: No risks factors were found in the institution, in the eye bank facilities, in the donor or in the receptor. However, sterile technique could not be guaranteed in the morgue where the corneal extraction occurred, and other isolated cases of endophthalmitis post-keratoplasty had been documented involving tissues from the same morgue that had been processed by two eye banks in the same city. Characteristics of the multi-resistant Pseudomonas sp. demonstrated its origin from a hospital environment due to its previous exposure to a variety of antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS: Corneal extraction site must guarantee an antiseptic preparation and aseptic tissue donor recuperation; although in this study it was not feasible to accurately establish the infection source, all of the findings led to suspect a possible contamination at the morgue.