Fibrosis pulmonar idiopática, tenemos alteranativas / No disponible

Presentamos un paciente con diagnóstico de fibrosis pulmonar idiopática (FPI) de grado moderado, en el que se inicia tratamiento con pirfenidona. Ante los efectos secundarios cutáneos recidivantes, a pesar de correctas medidas preventivas de protección solar, se suspende dicho fármaco y se inicia tratamiento alternativo con nintedanib, con efectos gastrointestinales leves que se controlan con tratamiento sintomático. A los 4 meses se observa mejoría clínica y leve mejoría funcional

We present a patient diagnosed with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) of moderate degree, in which treatment is initiated with pirfenidone. Given the recurrent cutaneous side effects, although correct sunscreen preventive measures, the drug is discontinued and alternative treatment begins with nintedanib with mild gastrointestinal effects that are controlled with symptomatic treatment. At 4 months mild clinical improvement and functional improvement is observed

Rentabilidad diagnóstica de la broncoscopia en la enfermedad neoplásica en la Unidad de Fibrobroncoscopias del Hospital General Universitario de Albacete / Diagnostic yield of bronchoscopy in neoplastic disease in Bronchofibroscopy Unit of Albacete General University Hospital

Antecedentes: El cáncer de pulmón es la segunda causa de muerte después de las enfermedades cardiovasculares. El carcinoma broncogénico tiene una causa desencadenante fundamental, el tabaco. La fibrobroncoscopia es necesaria para el diagnóstico y la estadificación del cáncer pulmonar, lo que nos ayudará a estimar el pronóstico y decidir la actitud terapéutica a seguir. En este estudio analizamos la rentabilidad de las distintas técnicas de la broncoscopia en el diagnóstico del cáncer de pulmón. Métodos: En 181 pacientes a los que se realizó fibrobroncoscopia y que tuvieron un diagnóstico final de neoplasia, se analizó la comorbilidad previa, el hábito tabáquico, las diversas técnicas broncoscópicas a las que fueron sometidos y el estadio TNM en el que se hallaban en el momento del diagnóstico. También se valoró la rentabilidad de nuestras técnicas en relación con otros estudios de la bibliografía. Resultados: El 86,2% de los pacientes presentaba historia de tabaquismo; el 49,2%, diagnóstico de enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica, y el 18,9%, otra neoplasia previa. La exploración endoscópica mostró lesión endobronquial en el 58% de los pacientes. El broncoaspirado fue positivo en el 53,6% de los procedimientos realizados; la biopsia bronquial, en el 81,9%; la biopsia transbronquial, en el 71,8% (en asociación con radioscopia positiva en el 81% y sin radioscopia, en el 61% de los casos), y la punción transbronquial, positiva en el 64,3% (con patólogo presente la rentabilidad diagnóstica ascendía al 72,7%). Conclusiones: La rentabilidad de las técnicas fibrobroncoscópicas que se utilizan en nuestro medio es similar a la de otros estudios importantes realizados hasta la fecha (AU)

Background: Lung cancer is the second leading cause of mortality after cardiovascular diseases. Bronchogenic carcinoma has a fundamental underlying cause, that is, tobacco. The bronchoscopy is required for lung cancer diagnosis and staging and will help us to estimate prognosis and determine the therapeutic approach to follow. In this study, the yield of the various techniques of bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of lung cancer has been analyzed. Methods: Previous comorbidity, smoking habit, the different bronchoscopic techniques the subject underwent and the patient's TNM stage at the time of diagnosis were analyzed in 181 patients who underwent bronchoscopy and whose final diagnosis was neoplasm. The performance of our techniques in relation to other studies in the literature was also evaluated. Results: A total of 86.2% of patients had a history of smoking, 49.2%, diagnosis of Chronic obstruction pulmonary disease and 18.9% had had another previous malignancy. The endoscopic examination showed endobronchial lesion in 58% of patients. BAS was positive in 53.6% of procedures performed, bronchial biopsy 81.9%, transbronchial biopsy in 71.8% (in association with positive fluoroscopy in 81% and without fluoroscopy in 61% of cases) and positive transbronchial needle aspiration in 64.3% (with pathologist present the diagnostic yield amounted to 72.7%). Conclusions: The yield of bronchoscopic techniques used in our environment is similar to that found in other major studies conducted to date (AU)

Paciente asintomático y alteración pulmonar / No disponible

No disponible

[Utility of the clinical history, physical examination and radiography in the localization of bleeding in patients with hemoptysis]. / Utilidad de la historia clínica, la exploración física y la radiografía en la localización del sangrado de los pacientes con hemoptisis.

OBJECTIVE: We examined the medical history, physical examination and chest radiography utility to accurately identifying the site of pulmonary bleeding in patients with hemoptysis. METHODS: We prospectively reviewed and compared the suspected site of bleeding obtained with the medical history, physical examination and chest radiography (right or left) in 466 patients with hemoptysis after the confirmation with a bronchoscopy, computed chest tomography (CT) or bronchial arteriography, and separately analysing the more common etiologies and the volume of bleeding. RESULTS: Age 62.6 years (DS 14), 85% males, 80% smokers with a volume of bleeding of 42.5 ml/day (DS 86) and > or = 100 ml/day in 13.5%. Medical history localized the site of bleeding in 1-13% (p < 0.0001), clinical responses in 8-29% (p < 0.0001), physical examination in 13-47.5% (p < 0.0001) and chest radiography in 14.5-88% (p = 0.04), with a more frequent accurately location findings (p < 0.01) that gradually increased as the previous results with the lung carcinomas and decreased with bronchiectasis or chronic bronchitis. When the volume of bleeding was > or = 100 ml/day, clinical responses utility improved (p = 0.04) as when it was < 100 ml/day with the radiography (p = 0.0001). Specificity, sensitivity and predictive values were variable and better with the radiography than with the medical history or physical examination. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that chest radiography was most useful than the medical history or physical examination to localize the site of bleeding in patients with hemoptysis. Almost all of the findings that suggests the site of bleeding were accurate and they increased with the radiography or decreased with the physical examination and specially with the medical history in patients with bronchiectasis or chronic bronchitis.

Utilidad de la historia clínica, la exploración física y la radiografía en la localización del sangrado de los pacientes con hemoptisis / Medical history, physical examination and chest radiography usefullness to localize the site of blee ding in patients with hemoptysis

Objetivo: Valorar la utilidad de la historia clínica, la exploración física y la radiografía en establecer el origen del sangrado en los pacientes con hemoptisis. Métodos: Estudio prospectivo, descriptivo y comparativo de 466 casos de hemoptisis para valorar la utilidad de la información obtenida de la historia clínica, la exploración física y la radiografía para localizar el origen del sangrado (derecho o izquierdo) previa confirmación con la broncoscopia, la TC torácica o la arteriografía, considerando de forma especial a las etiologías más frecuentes o el volumen de sangrado. Resultados: Edad 62,6 años (DE 14), 85 por ciento varones, 80 por ciento fumadores con un sangrado de 42,5 ml/día (DE 86) y un volumen 100 ml/día en el 13,5 por ciento. La capacidad de localizar el sangrado aumentó progresivamente con la historia clínica (1-13 por ciento, p<0,0001), la clínica (8-29 por ciento, p<0,0001), la exploración física (13-47,5 por ciento, p<0,0001) o la radiografía (14,5-88 por ciento, p=0,04), con unos porcentajes de localización correcta más elevados (p<0,01) y una probabilidad progresivamente mayor de acertar con el mismo orden en la mayoría de grupos, mejorando en las neoplasias y empeorando con las bronquiectasias o bronquitis crónica. En los pacientes con un sangrado 100 ml/día, la clínica fue más útil en la localización (p=0,04) que cuando era <100 ml/día a diferencia de la radiografía (p=0,0001). La sensibilidad, especificidad y valores predictivos fueron muy variables aunque mejores en la radiografía, disminuyendo con la exploración física, la clínica y la historia clínica. Conclusiones: Nuestro estudio demuestra la mayor utilidad de la radiografía y la dificultad de la historia clínica, la clínica o la exploración física en localizar el sangrado de los pacientes con hemoptisis. La presencia de hallazgos sugestivos de una localización estuvo prácticamente siempre relacionada con una elección correcta y su probabilidad de acertar aumentó con la radiografía y disminuyó progresivamente con la exploración física, la clínica y especialmente con la historia clínica en los pacientes con bronquiectasias y bronquitis crónica (AU)

Objective: We examined the medical history, physical examination and chest radiography utility to accurately identifying the site of pulmonary bleeding in patients with hemoptysis. Methods: We prospectively reviewed and compared the suspected site of bleeding obtained with the medical history, physical examination and chest radiography (right or left) in 466 patients with hemoptysis after the confirmation with a bronchoscopy, computed chest tomography (CT) or bronchial arteriography, and separately analysing the more common etiologies and the volume of bleeding. Results: Age 62,6 years (DS 14), 85% males, 80% smokers with a volume of bleeding of 42,5 ml/day (DS 86) and >=100 ml/day in 13,5%. Medical history localized the site of bleeding in 1-13% (p<0,0001), clinical responses in 8-29% (p<0,0001), physical examination in 13-47,5% (p<0,0001) and chest radiography in 14,5-88% (p=0,04), with a more frequent accurately location findings (p<0,01) that gradually increased as the previous results with the lung carcinomas and decreased with bronchiectasis or chronic bronchitis. When the volume of bleeding was >=100 ml/day, clinical responses utility improved (p=0,04) as when it was <100 ml/day with the radiography (p=0,0001). Specificity, sensitivity and predictive values were variable and better with the radiogaphy than with the medical history or physical examination. Conclusions: We concluded that chest radiography was most usefull than the medical history or physical examination to localize the site of bleeding in patients with hemoptysis. Almost all of the findings that suggests the site of bleeding were accurate and they increased with the radiography or decreased with the physical examination and specially with the medical hystory in patients with bronchiectasis or chronic bronchitis (AU)

[Trends in the prevalence of tuberculosis among six-year-olds in Albacete (Spain)]. / Evolución de la prevalencia de la infección tuberculosa en la población escolar de 6 años en Albacete.

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the prevalence and evolution of tuberculous infection among 6-year-olds in Albacete and its relation to socioeconomic status of the family. METHOD: A tuberculin test (2UT RT-23 Tween 80) was given to 6-year-old school children in and around Albacete in 1992 and 1999. We calculated the prevalence of tuberculosis and the relation to family socioeconomic level as assessed by the parents' level of education of the area of residence. RESULTS: The tuberculin test was given to 2,783 children, 1,532 in 1992 (8% bacille-Calmette-Guerin-vaccinated) and 1,251 in 1999. The prevalence of tuberculosis infection among non-vaccinated children was 0.78% in 1992 (3.37% among vaccinated children, p = 0.012) and 0.72% in 1999. No significant differences between the two screenings were found except for the vaccinated and non-vaccinated children. The annual decline was 1.1% and the annual decrease in risk of tuberculosis infection was 0.12%. No significant differences related to level of parental education or area of residence were detected. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of tuberculosis infection among 6-year-old school children in Albacete is low, although there is a very slight non-significant downward trend, which may be biased by the inclusion of bacille-Calmette-Guerin-vaccinated children. No differences related to family socioeconomic level were found.