Two-Dimensional GeS/SnSe2 Tunneling Photodiode with Bidirectional Photoresponse and High Polarization Sensitivity.

A two-dimensional (2D) broken-gap (type-III) p-n heterojunction has a unique charge transport mechanism because of nonoverlapping energy bands. In light of this, type-III band alignment can be used in tunneling field-effect transistors (TFETs) and Esaki diodes with tunable operation and low consumption by highlighting the advantages of tunneling mechanisms. In recent years, 2D tunneling photodiodes have gradually attracted attention for novel optoelectronic performance with a combination of strong light-matter interaction and tunable band alignment. However, an in-depth understanding of the tunneling mechanisms should be further investigated, especially for developing electronic and optoelectronic applications. Here, we report a type-III tunneling photodiode based on a 2D multilayered p-GeS/n+-SnSe2 heterostructure, which is first fabricated by the mechanical exfoliation and dry transfer method. Through the Simmons approximation, its various tunneling transport mechanisms dependent on bias and light are demonstrated as the origin of excellent bidirectional photoresponse performance. Moreover, compared to the traditional p-n photodiode, the device enables bidirectional photoresponse capability, including maximum responsivity values of 43 and 8.7 A/W at Vds = 1 and -1 V, respectively, with distinctive photoactive regions from the scanning photocurrent mapping. Noticeably, benefiting from the in-plane anisotropic structure of GeS, the device exhibits an enhanced photocurrent anisotropic ratio of 9, driven by the broader depletion region at Vds = -3 V under 635 nm irradiation. Above all, the results suggest that our designed architecture can be potentially applied to CMOS imaging sensors and polarization-sensitive photodetectors.

Structural elucidation and α­glucosidase inhibitory activity of a new xanthone glycoside from Lomatogonium rotatum (L.) Fries es Nym.

A new xanthone glycoside, 1,8-dihydroxyl-2,5-dimethoxy-xanthone-6-O-ß-D-glucoside (1), along with two known xanthone glycosides and two flavonoid glycosides were isolated from the aerial parts of Lomatogonium rotatum (L.) Fries es Nym. The structure of 1 was elucidated by analysis of its spectroscopic data, including UV, IR, HR-ESI-MS and extensive 1 D and 2 D NMR techniques. In vitro test, compound 1 behaved similarity to swertianolin against α­glucosidase and more potent inhibitory effects than the positive control, acarbose.

[Textual research on classical prescriptions in Mongolian medicine].

Mongolians have a long history of using prescriptions, which can be classified into four stages as follows: the germination and experience accumulation stage before the 13 th century, the theoretical formation stage from the 13 th to 16 th century, the rapid development stage from the 17 th to 20 th century, and the leaping development stage from the mid-20 th century to the present. The prescriptions from the ancient classical or representative medical books have always been used by Mongolian physicians for generations, and they are still in use due to the definite curative effects. In 2008, the Notice on Issuing the Supplementary Provisions to the Registration and Management of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) described that China has attached more importance to the excavation and development of classical prescriptions. As stipulated in the Law of the People's Republic of China on Traditional Chinese Medicine, the classical prescriptions should be those available in ancient TCM classics and still in wide use, with exact curative effects, distinct features, and obvious advantages. This paper expounded the historical formation and development of classical prescriptions in Mongo-lian medicine, introduced the five most influential ancient medical books revealing the formation and development of these classic prescriptions, and traced the origin of such classical prescriptions as Wenguanmu Siwei Decoction, Shouzhangshen Bawei Decoction, Jianghuang Siwei Decoction and summarized the origin, development history and characteristics of classical prescriptions in Mongolian medicine, aiming to provide a reference for their further research and development.

Textual research on classical prescriptions in Mongolian medicine / 中国中药杂志

Mongolians have a long history of using prescriptions, which can be classified into four stages as follows: the germination and experience accumulation stage before the 13 th century, the theoretical formation stage from the 13 th to 16 th century, the rapid development stage from the 17 th to 20 th century, and the leaping development stage from the mid-20 th century to the present. The prescriptions from the ancient classical or representative medical books have always been used by Mongolian physicians for generations, and they are still in use due to the definite curative effects. In 2008, the Notice on Issuing the Supplementary Provisions to the Registration and Management of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) described that China has attached more importance to the excavation and development of classical prescriptions. As stipulated in the Law of the People's Republic of China on Traditional Chinese Medicine, the classical prescriptions should be those available in ancient TCM classics and still in wide use, with exact curative effects, distinct features, and obvious advantages. This paper expounded the historical formation and development of classical prescriptions in Mongo-lian medicine, introduced the five most influential ancient medical books revealing the formation and development of these classic prescriptions, and traced the origin of such classical prescriptions as Wenguanmu Siwei Decoction, Shouzhangshen Bawei Decoction, Jianghuang Siwei Decoction and summarized the origin, development history and characteristics of classical prescriptions in Mongolian medicine, aiming to provide a reference for their further research and development.

The nine ADAMs family members serve as potential biomarkers for immune infiltration in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

BACKGROUND: The functional significance of ADAMs family members in the immune infiltration of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) awaits elucidation. METHODS: ADAMs family members with significant expression were identified among differentially expressed genes of PAAD based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database followed by a verification based on the Oncomine database. The correlation of ADAMs in PAAD was estimated with the Spearman's rho value. The pathway enrichment of ADAMs was performed by STRING and GSEALite, respectively. The protein-protein interaction and Gene Ontology analyses of ADAMs and their similar genes were exanimated in STRING and visualized by Cytoscape. Subsequently, the Box-Whisker plot was used to show a correlation between ADAMs and different tumor grade 1/2/3/4 with Student's t-test. TIMER was applied to estimate a correlation of ADAMs expressions with immune infiltrates and immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) immunotherapy-related molecules. Furthermore, the effect of copy number variation (CNV) of ADAMs genes was assessed on the immune infiltration levels. RESULT: ADAM8/9/10/12/15/19/28/TS2/TS12 were over-expressed in PAAD. Most of the nine ADAMs had a significant correlation. ADAM8/12/15/19 expression was remarkably increased in the comparison between grade 1 and grade 2/3 of PAAD. ADAM8/9/10/12/19/28/TS2/TS12 had a positive correlation with almost five immune infiltrates. ADAM12/19/TS2/TS12 dramatically related with ICB immunotherapy-related molecules. CNV of ADAMs genes potentially influenced the immune infiltration levels. CONCLUSION: Knowledge of the expression level of the ADAMs family could provide a reasonable strategy for improved immunotherapies to PAAD.

The potential drug for treatment in pancreatic adenocarcinoma: a bioinformatical study based on distinct drug databases.

BACKGROUND: The prediction of drug-target interaction from chemical and biological data can advance our search for potential drug, contributing to a therapeutic strategy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD). We aim to identify hub genes of PAAD and search for potential drugs from distinct databases. The docking simulation is adopted to validate our findings from computable perspective. METHODS: Differently expressed genes (DEGs) of PAAD were performed based on TCGA. With two Cytoscape plugins of CentiScaPe and MCODE, hub genes were analyzed and visualized by STRING analysis of Protein-protein Interaction (PPI). The hub genes were further selected with significant prognostic values. In addition, we examined the correlation between hub genes and immune infiltration in PAAD. Subsequently, we searched for the hub gene-targeted drugs in Connectivity map (Cmap) and cBioportal, which provided a large body of candidate drugs. The hub gene, which was covered in the above two databases, was estimated in Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) and Herbal Ingredients' Targets (HIT) database, which collected natural herbs and related ingredients. After obtaining molecular structures, the potential ingredient from TCMSP was applied for a docking simulation. We finalized a network connectivity of ingredient and its targets. RESULTS: A total of 2616 DEGs of PAAD were identified, then we further determined and visualized 24 hub genes by a connectivity analysis of PPI. Based on prognostic value, we identified 5 hub genes including AURKA (p = 0.0059), CCNA2 (p = 0.0047), CXCL10 (p = 0.0044), ADAM10 (p = 0.00043), and BUB1 (p = 0.0033). We then estimated tumor immune correlation of these 5 hub genes, because the immune effector process was one major result of GO analysis. Subsequently, we continued to search for candidate drugs from Cmap and cBioportal database. BUB1, not covered in the above two databases, was estimated in TCMSP and HIT databases. Our results revealed that genistein was a potential drug of BUB1. Next, we generated two docking modes to validate drug-target interaction based on their 3D structures. We eventually constructed a network connectivity of BUB1 and its targets. CONCLUSIONS: All 5 hub genes that predicted poor prognosis had their potential drugs, especially our findings showed that genistein was predicted to target BUB1 based on TCMSP and docking simulation. This study provided a reasonable approach to extensively retrieve and initially validate putative therapeutic agents for PAAD. In future, these drug-target results should be investigated with solid data from practical experiments.

Variety textual research of Mongolian medicine of "saradma" / 中国中药杂志

Mongolian medicine is an indispensable part in developing traditional Mongolian medicine. This study is aimed to provide a basis for the formulation of clinical and Mongolian medicinal materials standards by clarifying the original plant and species collation of Mongolia medicine of "saradma". Mongolian herbal medicine, as an important part of Mongolian medicine, is needed to study the authentic Mongolian medicine, in order to exert the best therapeutic effect in the application. The Mongolian medicine of "saradma" is a kind of medicinal material for diuresis, reinforcing kidney, and eliminating edema, for which comes from the roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds and other parts of medicinal plant. The ancient books of Mongolian medicine are the most important reference the research of Mongolian medicine varieties. This review adopts the method of inductive comparison of ancient books in order to summarize the conclusion of Mongolian medicine of "saradma". According to the investigations, Mongolian medicine of "saradma" type is mainly Leguminosae plant, Oxytropis latibracteata, Hedysarum multijugum, Thermopsis barbata, Astragalus membranaceus, Vicia amoena, O. caerulea, Astragalus bhotanensis, Hedysarum sikkimense. Compared with modern works, it is found that the drug has a wide range of resources distribution and application. It can be used for the treatment of cold edema, hot edema, nephrogenic edema, edema, swelling and likes caused by different diseases. Based on the research of Mongolian medicine of "saradma" varieties, it was found that the most commonly used varieties in Inner Mongolia were cayan saradma, xara saradam and sira saradma all of which are all top-grade drugs that reduce swelling.