Point of care thoracic ultrasound versus chest computed tomography in the approach of febrile neutropenia patients: A diagnostic accuracy cohort study.

Single-center prospective cohort diagnostic accuracy study. Our study aimed to evaluate the accuracy and reproducibility of Thoracic Ultrasound (TUS) in detecting pulmonary pathology in immunosuppressed patients. We conducted a single-center prospective study. Consecutive patients with febrile neutropenia who underwent CT (Computerized Tomography) underwent TUS evaluation within 24h of CT. Both studies were performed by an expert who was blinded to the clinical information and results of the alternative imaging modalities. 34 patients met the inclusion criteria. The median age was 39.9 years (±17 standard deviation). TUS as a diagnostic test had a sensitivity of 92.9% and specificity of 83.3%, negative predictive value of 71.4%, and positive predictive value of 96.3%. Substantial between-method agreement was demonstrated with a kappa of 0.71 (P = .001) between the TUS and chest CT findings. We obtained a kappa of 1 (P = .001) for the final diagnosis of Pleural Effusion (PE). We concluded that TUS is a promising screening test for immunocompromised individuals. The results showed good diagnostic performance of TUS compared to CT for the detection of pulmonary findings highly suggestive of pathology with high accuracy and reproducibility.

Glanzmann thrombasthenia: an uncommon cause of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding.

The major function of platelets is to contribute to hemostasis. If an impairment in their production and/or function occurs, abnormal bleeding can develop. An 18-year-old male presented to our hospital after four episodes of hematemesis. His medical history was relevant for Glanzmann thrombasthenia diagnosed during early childhood. On initial examination, he appeared pale and with normal blood pressure. His complete blood count included a hemoglobin concentration of 11.0 g/dL, additional laboratory tests were within the normal ranges. The initial approach consisted of a high dose of proton pump inhibitors. Hours later, esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed diffuse oozing bleeding from gastric mucosa with no other visible lesions such as peptic ulcers or varices.

Using nuclear magnetic resonance urine metabolomics to develop a prediction model of early stages of renal disease in subjects with type 2 diabetes.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is a multimorbidity, long-term condition, and one of the worldwide leading causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) -a silent disease, usually detected when non-reversible renal damage have already occurred. New strategies and more effective laboratory methods are needed for more opportune diagnosis of DM2-CKD. This study comprises clinical parameters and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based urine metabolomics data from 60 individuals (20-65 years old, 67.7% females), sorted in 5 experimental groups (healthy subjects; diabetic patients without any clinical sign of CKD; and patients with mild, moderate, and severe DM2-CKD), according to KDIGO. DM2-CKD produces a continuous variation of the urine metabolome, characterized by an increase/decrement of a group of metabolites that can be used to monitor CKD progression (trigonelline, hippurate, phenylalanine, glycolate, dimethylamine, alanine, 2-hydroxybutyrate, lactate, and citrate). NMR profiles were used to obtain a statistical model, based on partial least squares analysis (PLS-DA) to discriminate among groups. The PLS-DA model yielded good validation parameters (sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) plot: 0.692, 0.778 and 0.912, respectively) and, thus, it can differentiate between subjects with DM2-CKD in early stages, from subjects with a mild or severe condition. This metabolic signature exhibits a molecular variation associated to DM2-CKD, and data suggests it can be used to predict risk of DM2-CKD in patients without clinical signs of renal disease, offering a new alternative to current diagnosis methods.

A case of round pneumonia due to Enterobacter hormaechei: the need for a standardized diagnosis and treatment approach in adults.

Round pneumonia is an unusual radiological manifestation of a bacterial lung infection. We present the case of an elderly male patient who arrived at the emergency room with a productive cough and exertional dyspnea. His chest x-ray and CT showed a round opacity and air bronchograms in the right upper lobe. Taken together, the patient's symptoms and images strongly suggest a pulmonary infection. Empirical antibiotic therapy with ceftriaxone and clarithromycin was started. The sputum culture was positive for Enterobacter hormaechei and the bacterium was sensitive to levofloxacin; therefore, the antibiotic therapy was changed. Despite the treatment, the patient progressed to respiratory failure and septic shock, dying six days after admission. Although round pneumonia is uncommon, it is a potentially curable disease and clinicians should always consider it in their differential diagnosis.

Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of essential amino acid α-ketoacid analogues against renal ischemia-reperfusion damage in Wistar rats. / Actividad antiinflamatoria y antioxidante de los α-cetoanálogos de aminoácidos esenciales en un modelo de daño por isquemia-reperfusión en ratas Wistar

INTRODUCTION: Essential amino acid α-keto acid analogs are used in the treatment of chronic kidney disease to delay the symptoms of uremia. However, it is unknown whether essential amino acid α-keto acid analogs affect the oxidative stress and the inflammation in acute renal injury such as those produced by ischemia-reperfusion. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of essential amino acid α-keto acid analogs on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in Wistar rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Rats were divided into 11 groups (n=6/group): Two groups received physiological saline with or without ischemia-reperfusion injury (45 min/24 h), six groups received essential amino acid α-keto acid analogs (400, 800, or 1,200 mg/kg/24 h/7d) with or without ischemia-reperfusion injury (essential amino acid α-keto acid analogs + ischemia-reperfusion), and two groups received allopurinol (50 mg/kg/24 h/7d) with or without ischemia-reperfusion injury. Biochemical markers included creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1ß, IL-6, and TNF-α), renal damage markers (cystatin C, KIM-1, and NGAL), and markers of oxidative stress such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant activity. RESULTS: The essential amino acid α-keto acid analog- and allopurinol-treated groups had lower levels of creatinine, BUN, renal damage markers, proinflammatory cytokines, and MDA than their corresponding ischemia-reperfusion groups. These changes were related to the essential amino acid α-keto acid analogs dosage. Total antioxidant activity was lower in essential amino acid α-keto acid analog- and allopurinol-treated groups than in the corresponding ischemia-reperfusion groups. CONCLUSIONS: This is a new report on the nephroprotective effects of essential amino acid α-keto acid analogs against ischemia-reperfusion injury. Essential amino acid α-keto acid analogs decreased the levels of biochemical markers, kidney injury markers, proinflammatory cytokines, and MDA while minimizing total antioxidant consumption.

Introducción. Los α-cetoanálogos de aminoácidos esenciales se utilizan en el tratamiento de la enfermedad renal crónica para retrasar los síntomas de la uremia. Sin embargo, se desconoce si los α-cetoanálogos de aminoácidos esenciales afectan el estrés oxidativo y la inflamación en la lesión renal aguda tal como en la producida por la isquemia-reperfusión. Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto de las α-cetoanálogos de aminoácidos esenciales sobre la lesión renal por isquemia-reperfusión en ratas Wistar. Materiales y métodos. Se emplearon 11 grupos de ratas (n=6): dos grupos recibieron solución salina fisiológica con lesión isquemia-reperfusión o sin ella (45 min/24 h), seis grupos recibieron α-cetoanálogos de aminoácidos esenciales (400, 800 o 1.200 mg/kg/24 h/7d) con lesión isquemia-reperfusión o sin ella (α-cetoanálogos de aminoácidos esenciales + isquemia-reperfusión), y dos grupos recibieron (50 mg/kg/24 h/7d) con lesión isquemia-reperfusión o sin ella. Los marcadores bioquímicos incluyeron creatinina y nitrógeno ureico en sangre (BUN), citocinas proinflamatorias (IL-1ß, IL-6 y TNF-α), marcadores de daño renal (cistatina C, KIM-1 y NGAL) y marcadores del estrés oxidativo como el malondialdehído (MDA) y la actividad antioxidante total. Resultados. Los grupos tratados con α-cetoanálogos de aminoácidos esenciales y alopurinol tuvieron niveles inferiores de creatinina, BUN, marcadores de daño renal, citocinas proinflamatorias, actividad antioxidante total y MDA que los grupos isquemia-reperfusión correspondientes. Estos cambios se asociaron con la dosis. La actividad antioxidante total fue menor en los grupos tratados con α-cetoanálogos de aminoácidos esenciales que en los grupos isquemia-reperfusión correspondientes. Conclusiones. Este es un nuevo informe de los efectos nefroprotectores de las α-cetoanálogos de aminoácidos esenciales contra la lesión isquemia-reperfusión. Los α-cetoanálogos de aminoácidos esenciales disminuyeron los niveles de los marcadores bioquímicos, de los de lesión renal, de las citocinas proinflamatorias y el MDA, a la vez que minimizaron el consumo total de antioxidantes.

Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of essential amino acid α-ketoacid analogues against renal ischemia­reperfusion damage in Wistar rats / Actividad antiinflamatoria y antioxidante de los α-cetoanálogos de aminoácidos esenciales en un modelo de daño por isquemia-reperfusión en ratas Wistar

Introduction: Essential amino acid α-keto acid analogs are used in the treatment of chronic kidney disease to delay the symptoms of uremia. However, it is unknown whether essential amino acid α-keto acid analogs affect the oxidative stress and the inflammation in acute renal injury such as those produced by ischemia-reperfusion. Objective: To evaluate the effect of essential amino acid α-keto acid analogs on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in Wistar rats. Materials and methods: Rats were divided into 11 groups (n=6/group): Two groups received physiological saline with or without ischemia-reperfusion injury (45 min/24 h), six groups received essential amino acid α-keto acid analogs (400, 800, or 1,200 mg/kg/24 h/7d) with or without ischemia-reperfusion injury (essential amino acid α-keto acid analogs + ischemia-reperfusion), and two groups received allopurinol (50 mg/kg/24 h/7d) with or without ischemia-reperfusion injury. Biochemical markers included creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1ß, IL-6, and TNF-α), renal damage markers (cystatin C, KIM-1, and NGAL), and markers of oxidative stress such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant activity. Results: The essential amino acid α-keto acid analog- and allopurinol-treated groups had lower levels of creatinine, BUN, renal damage markers, proinflammatory cytokines, and MDA than their corresponding ischemia-reperfusion groups. These changes were related to the essential amino acid α-keto acid analogs dosage. Total antioxidant activity was lower in essential amino acid α-keto acid analog- and allopurinol-treated groups than in the corresponding ischemia-reperfusion groups. Conclusions: This is a new report on the nephroprotective effects of essential amino acid α-keto acid analogs against ischemia-reperfusion injury. Essential amino acid α-keto acid analogs decreased the levels of biochemical markers, kidney injury markers, proinflammatory cytokines, and MDA while minimizing total antioxidant consumption.

Introducción. Los α-cetoanálogos de aminoácidos esenciales se utilizan en el tratamiento de la enfermedad renal crónica para retrasar los síntomas de la uremia. Sin embargo, se desconoce si los α-cetoanálogos de aminoácidos esenciales afectan el estrés oxidativo y la inflamación en la lesión renal aguda tal como en la producida por la isquemia-reperfusión. Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto de las α-cetoanálogos de aminoácidos esenciales sobre la lesión renal por isquemia-reperfusión en ratas Wistar. Materiales y métodos. Se emplearon 11 grupos de ratas (n=6): dos grupos recibieron solución salina fisiológica con lesión isquemia-reperfusión o sin ella (45 min/24 h), seis grupos recibieron α-cetoanálogos de aminoácidos esenciales (400, 800 o 1.200 mg/kg/24 h/7d) con lesión isquemia-reperfusión o sin ella (α-cetoanálogos de aminoácidos esenciales + isquemia-reperfusión), y dos grupos recibieron (50 mg/kg/24 h/7d) con lesión isquemia-reperfusión o sin ella. Los marcadores bioquímicos incluyeron creatinina y nitrógeno ureico en sangre (BUN), citocinas proinflamatorias (IL-1ß, IL-6 y TNF-α), marcadores de daño renal (cistatina C, KIM-1 y NGAL) y marcadores del estrés oxidativo como el malondialdehído (MDA) y la actividad antioxidante total. Resultados. Los grupos tratados con α-cetoanálogos de aminoácidos esenciales y alopurinol tuvieron niveles inferiores de creatinina, BUN, marcadores de daño renal, citocinas proinflamatorias, actividad antioxidante total y MDA que los grupos isquemia-reperfusión correspondientes. Estos cambios se asociaron con la dosis. La actividad antioxidante total fue menor en los grupos tratados con α-cetoanálogos de aminoácidos esenciales que en los grupos isquemia-reperfusión correspondientes. Conclusiones. Este es un nuevo informe de los efectos nefroprotectores de las α-cetoanálogos de aminoácidos esenciales contra la lesión isquemia-reperfusión. Los α-cetoanálogos de aminoácidos esenciales disminuyeron los niveles de los marcadores bioquímicos, de los de lesión renal, de las citocinas proinflamatorias y el MDA, a la vez que minimizaron el consumo total de antioxidantes.

Tumor of the epididymis: an uncommon presentation of disseminated coccidioidomycosis.

Coccidioidomycosis is an endemic disease of arid regions in the Western hemisphere. Its clinical presentation varies from asymptomatic nodules on chest x-rays to disseminated disease. We present the case of a 48-year-old man with a hard and heterogeneous tumor in the posterior aspect of the right testis. Color flow doppler testicular ultrasonography was performed and two nodular masses in the tail of the right epididymis were identified. An epididymectomy was performed and histopathological examination revealed coccidioidomycosis. After diagnosis, the patient was successfully treated with fluconazol.

Clinical outcomes and biochemical characteristics of a Hispanic cohort of patients with diabetic ketoacidosis: 10-Year experience in an emergency department / Resultados clínicos y características bioquímicas en una cohorte hispana de pacientes con cetoacidosis diabética: experiencia de una década en el departamento de emergencias

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D-dimer from central and peripheral blood samples in asymptomatic central venous catheter-related thrombosis in patients with cancer.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the usefulness of a negative D-dimer in peripheral or central venous blood to screen for asymptomatic catheter-related thrombosis in cancer patients. METHODS: D-dimer was measured in blood from central venous catheter and peripheral venous samples in 48 patients with cancer. Asymptomatic catheter-related thrombosis was identified via Doppler ultrasound. Bland and Altman's limits of agreement analysis was used to compare sample sites. Sensitivity and specificity of D-dimer was calculated. RESULTS: Overall, 33 of the central samples and 32 of the peripheral samples had D-dimer levels below the cutoff (≥0.3 mg/l). Mean central D-dimer was 0.31 ± 0.35 mg/l; peripheral 0.24 ± 0.22 mg/l (p = 0.5). Bland-Altman plot showed that the two sample sites were not equivalent. Catheter-related thrombosis was demonstrated in five patients, and there were three false negatives. Peripheral D-dimer had a negative predictive value of 90.9%. CONCLUSIONS: A negative D-dimer may be useful for screening asymptomatic catheter-related thrombosis in patients with cancer, but the central and peripheral sample sites are not equivalent.

[Necrotizing fasciitis, myositis, arthritis, and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome caused by group G Streptococcus. Report of one case]. / Fascitis necrotizante, miositis y síndrome de choque tóxico secundario a estreptococo del grupo G. Reporte de un caso.

BACKGROUND: Necrotizing fasciitis (NF), myositis, and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS) associated with group G ß-hemolytic streptococcus (GGS) occasionally coincide. CLINICAL CASE: We describe a case of GGS simultaneously occurring with NF, myositis, arthritis, and STSS in an 83-year-old woman with sequelae of cerebrovascular disease, hospitalized after two days of fever and with a painful swollen left foot. She was hypotensive, her foot had purplish discoloration, which showed blisters spreading to the lower third of the leg, and no crepitus was present. Fluid, vasopressive support, tigecyclin, and clindamycin were used. Debrided tissue and fluid aspirated from the knee joint revealed Gram-positive cocci. The patient developed renal and respiratory failure on the fifth day, requiring support. She underwent amputation above the knee of the left leg, after which her condition improved. She was discharged one month later. CONCLUSION: GGS can cause life-threatening infections such as NF, myositis, and/or STSS. GGS usually afflicts aging patients with comorbid states, and occasionally healthy subjects.

Introducción: ocasionalmente concurren la fascitis necrotizante (FN), con miositis, y síndrome de choque tóxico post-estreptocócico (SSTE) asociados con infección por estreptococo ß-hemolítico del grupo G (EGG). Caso clínico: presentamos un caso de infección en el que concurren simultáneamente FN, miositis, artritis y SSTE en una mujer de 83 años con secuelas de enfermedad cerebrovascular, hospitalizada tras dos días de fiebre y dolor, así como hinchazón del pie izquierdo. Se encontraba hipotensa y el pie mostraba coloración púrpura con flictenas que se extendían hacia el tercio inferior de la pierna; no había crepitación a la presión digital. Se empleó hidratación parenteral, vasopresores, tigeciclina y clindamicina. Tanto el tejido desbridado como el líquido aspirado de la articulación de la rodilla revelaron cocos gram positivos. Al quinto día la paciente desarrolló falla renal y respiratoria que requirieron de apoyo. La paciente fue sometida a amputación supracondílea de la pierna izquierda; después de eso, su condición mejoró. Un mes después fue dada de alta. Conclusiones: el EGG puede causar infecciones potencialmente mortales, como FN, miositis, y/o SSTE. El EGG por lo general afecta a pacientes ancianos con estados comórbidos y ocasionalmente a sujetos sanos.