Phosphoregulation in the N-terminus of NRT2.1 affects nitrate uptake by controlling the interaction of NRT2.1 with NAR2.1 and kinase HPCAL1 in Arabidopsis.

NRT2.1, the major high affinity nitrate transporter in roots, can be phosphorylated at five different sites within the N- and the C-terminus. Here, we characterized the functional relationship of two N-terminal phosphorylation sites, S21 and S28, in Arabidopsis. Based on a site-specific correlation network, we identified a receptor kinase (HPCAL1, AT5G49770), phosphorylating NRT2.1 at S21 and resulting in active nitrate uptake. HPCAL1 itself was regulated by phosphorylation at S839 and S870 within its kinase domain. In the active state, when S839 was dephosphorylated and S870 was phosphorylated, HPCAL1 was found to interact with the N-terminus of NRT2.1, mainly when S28 was dephosphorylated. Phosphorylation of NRT2.1 at S21 resulted in a reduced interaction of NRT2.1 with its activator NAR2.1, but nitrate transport activity remained. By contrast, phosphorylated NRT2.1 at S28 enhanced the interaction with NAR2.1, but reduced the interaction with HPCAL1. Here we identified HPCAL1 as the kinase affecting this phospho-switch through phosphorylation of NRT2.1 at S21.

The role of procedural justice and risk preference-based mechanisms in acceptance of public policy.

The current study examines the relationship between procedural justice and acceptance of public policy, the mediating effect of uncertainty as well as the moderating effect of risk preference in this relationship. Study 1 conducted a questionnaire survey on 154 residents from Beijing. The results showed that risk preference moderated the effect of procedural justice on acceptance of public policy. Accordingly, Study 2 conducted a scenario experiment on 136 college students from Beijing to examine the mediating role of uncertainty, while retesting the moderating mechanism of risk preference in more detail. Results showed that risk preference significantly moderated the effect of procedural justice on acceptance of public policy. Specifically, uncertainty was more negatively associated with acceptance of public policy among the risk-averse individuals than risk-seeking individuals. Risk preference indirectly moderated the relationship between procedural justice and acceptance of public policy by moderating the relationship between uncertainty and acceptance of public policy.

A pilot study on the clinical characteristics of blood pressure circadian rhythm disorder and its impact on orthostatic hypotension in Parkinson′s disease / 中华神经科杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics of circadian rhythm disorder of blood pressure and its impact on orthostatic hypotension (OH) in Parkinson′s disease (PD).Methods:A total of 165 PD patients from Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from August 2019 to October 2021 were consecutively enrolled. Medical history and scores of motor and non-motor symptoms of patients were collected. Twenty-four-hour ambulatory blood pressure and OH data were collected, and the OH questionnaire was completed. The incidence of each type of circadian rhythm disorder of blood pressure was investigated. The t test, chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to determine between-group differences of circadian rhythm disorder of blood pressure. The linear trends in clinical characteristics were tested by linear regression analysis. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between different circadian rhythm disorders of blood pressure and OH as well as symptomatic OH (SOH). Results:In 165 PD patients, the incidence of reverse dipping pattern was 39.39% (65/165), nocturnal hypertension was 43.64% (72/165), and awakening hypotension was 31.52% (52/165). Compared with patients without reverse dipping pattern, patients with reverse dipping pattern were older [(71.72±7.81) years vs (65.29±9.68) years, t=-4.491, P<0.001], had later onset age [(66.67±9.10) years vs (62.16±10.66) years, t=-2.809, P=0.006], longer duration [36.00(20.50, 95.50) months vs 24.00(12.00, 41.75) months, Z=-3.393, P<0.001], higher dose of levodopa (LD) [(426.15±267.38) mg/d vs (284.00±235.58) mg/d, t=-3.590, P<0.001], higher levodopa equivalent dose (LED) [(514.80±360.03) mg/d vs (341.44±284.57) mg/d, t=-3.440, P=0.001], higher Unified Parkinson′s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS)-Ⅱ scores (12.92±6.38 vs 9.54±5.59, t=-3.434, P=0.001), higher UPDRS-Ⅲ scores (28.34±11.60 vs 21.41±12.18, t=-3.508, P=0.001) and higher percentages of hallucinations [18.46% (12/65) vs 7.00% (7/100), χ2 =5.079, P=0.024]. Compared with patients without awakening hypotension, patients with awakening hypotension were older [(70.83±7.09) years vs (66.44±10.16) years, t=-2.811, P=0.006]. Compared with patients without nocturnal hypertension, patients with nocturnal hypertension had longer duration [39.50(15.00, 96.00) months vs 24.00 (12.00, 36.00) months, Z=-2.944, P=0.003], higher LD [(398.61±251.19) mg/d vs (294.62±254.25) mg/d, t=-2.619, P=0.010], higher LED [(493.28±344.02) mg/d vs (345.05±298.59) mg/d, t=-2.959, P=0.004], higher percentages of hallucinations [19.44% (14/72) vs 5.38% (5/93), χ2 =7.882, P=0.005], higher UPDRS-Ⅱ scores (12.08±6.33 vs 10.00±5.86, t=-2.086, P=0.039), higher UPDRS-Ⅲ scores (26.50±11.72 vs 22.42±12.66, t=-2.034, P=0.044), and greater blood pressure variability (BPV) (20.66±5.47 vs 17.44±5.36, t=-3.798, P<0.001). Trend analysis showed that the variety of circadian rhythm was positively correlated with age and duration, use of levodopa and monoamine oxidase B inhibitors and amantidine, morning and daily LD and LED, UPDRS-Ⅱ, UPDRS-Ⅲ and Hamilton Anxiety Scale scores, hallucinations, OH and SOH, and BPV in PD ( P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that awakening hypotension ( OR=3.35, 95% CI 1.55-7.22, P=0.002) and nocturnal hypertension ( OR=2.44, 95% CI 1.20-4.97, P=0.014) were risk factors for OH, and LED ( OR=1.21, 95% CI 1.01-1.43, P=0.035), UPDRS-Ⅲ scores ( OR=1.09, 95% CI 1.02-1.16, P=0.009) and w-BPV ( OR=1.14, 95% CI 1.01-1.29, P=0.029) were independent risk factors for SOH. Conclusions:Circadian rhythm disorder of blood pressure was correlated with age, duration, severity of motor symptoms. Awakening hypotension and nocturnal hypertension are independent risk factors for OH in PD.

Research progresses on the role of short-chain fatty acids in the pathogenesis of Parkinson′s disease / 中华神经科杂志

In recent years, a number of studies have found that the dysregulation of intestinal microbes and their metabolites plays an important role in the occurrence and development of Parkinson′s disease (PD), and is closely related to the severity of PD clinical symptoms. Short-chain fatty acids are the main metabolites of intestinal microorganisms and may be involved in the pathogenesis of PD by regulating the inflammatory response, neuronal autophagy and apoptosis and the integrity of the blood-brain barrier and intestinal barrier. In this paper, the research progresses on the role of short-chain fatty acids in the pathogenesis of PD are reviewed, in order to provide new ideas for the treatment of PD.

Management of helicopter medical transport in 36 patients with critical cardiac disease / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective:To summarize the management experience of helicopter medical transport in patients with critical heart disease, so as to provide reference for transport of patients with critical heart disease under the background of major natural disasters.Methods:The clinical and transport data of 36 critically ill cardiac patients in Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital from 16:30 on July 21 to 19:30 on July 22, 2021 due to historically rare heavy rainstorms were collected. All 36 critically ill cardiac patients were transported by helicopter. The safe transportation was implemented under the measures of quickly forming a transport leadership and coordination group, clarifying responsibilities and division of labor, doing a good job in the pretreatment of the patient's condition, pipeline assessment and mechanical circulation support (MCS) equipment, simulating and practicing the transfer process, improving the safety of the transfer implementation process, and effectively handing over with the target hospital. The gender, age, disease type, MCS, transport and outcome of patients were collected.Results:Thirty-six patients with cardiac critical illness were from adult extracardiac intensive care unit (ICU), adult cardiac care unit (CCU), children's CCU, comprehensive ICU and department of neurology. There were 24 males and 12 females; age (50.93±20.86) years old. There were 12 patients using respirator, 7 patients needing MCS, 2 of whom needed both extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP), and 7 patients with post-cardiac surgery. The total distance of transportation of 36 patients was 1 638.4 km, the transit time was 10.5 hours, one way flight time of helicopter was about 8 minutes, and the average transport time per patient was about 17.5 minutes. The vital signs of 36 patients during transport were basically stable, without complications, and all of them reached the target hospital safely.Conclusion:Under the seamless connection of the rapid establishment of the transfer leadership coordination group, assessment of the patient's condition and pretreatment, the simulation of the transfer process, and the effective handover with the receiving hospital, the use of helicopter for medical transport for critically ill heart patients is feasible and safe, which can buy valuable time for saving patients' lives and further treatment.

Detection and Analysis of Blood Dexmedetomidine in Drug-Facilitated Cases / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To establish a simple and rapid qualitative and quantitative detection method of dexmedetomidine in blood.@*METHODS@#Blood was separated on the Allure PFP Propyl liquid chromatography column with isocratic elution after it was precipitated by acetonitrile and filtered. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of dexmedetomidine was performed using positive ion scan mode and multi-reaction monitoring mode.@*RESULTS@#The limit of detection of dexmedetomidine in blood was 0.2 ng/mL and the limit of quantification was 0.5 ng/mL. The linearity of the method was good in the range of 0.5-1 000 ng/mL, and the correlation coefficient was greater than 0.99. The accuracy of the method was 90.34%-112.67% and the extraction recovery was 50.05%-91.08%, with no significant matrix effect.@*CONCLUSIONS@#This method is simple, selective and suitable for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of dexmedetomidine in blood, which can provide a reference for drug-facilitated cases involving dexmedetomidine.

Effect of γ-ray on metabolic enzyme CYP3A1 in rat liver on multiple levels / 中国药理学通报

Aim To explore the effect of γ-ray on the mRNA,protein expression levels and metabolic activity level of the key drug metabolic enzyme CYP3A1 in rat liver. Methods Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group, 24 h post-radiation group and 72 h post-radiation group. The experimental group was exposed to total body irradiation of single 6 Gy γ-ray. Blood was collected from the orbital venous plexus for blood routine examination and biochemical analysis 24 h and 72 h after irradiation, and liver tissue was prepared for quantifying expression of CYP3A1 mRNA and liver-specific microRNA (miR-122-5p) through RT-PCR. The expression level of CYP3A1 protein was analyzed by Western blot, and the metabolic activity level of CYP3A1 detected by the specific substrate midazolam combined with LC-MS method. Results Com¬pared with the control group, the weights of the rats in the radiation group significantly decreased, and the number of white blood cells was markedly reduced. Simultaneously, the activities of alanine aminotrans-ferase and alkaline phosphatase continuously descended, as well as the levels of total bilirubin and bile acid significantly increased, which indicated that the liver may be damaged after radiation. The relative expression of CYP3A1 mRNA continued to increase significantly 24 h and 72 h after irradiation. CYP3A1 protein expression and metabolic activity levels showed an obvious increasing trend 24 h after irradiation, and rose significantly 72 h after irradiation compared with the control group. At the same time, the expression of miR-122-5p in liver of rats in the 24 h and 72 h post-radiation group continued to decrease rapidly compared with the control group. Conclusions γ-ray radiation may arouse damage effect on liver, which leads to the continuous up-regulation of the mRNA and protein expression levels of the capital metabolic enzyme CYP3A1 in liver tissue, as well as the elevation of the metabolic activity level. The regulatory mechanism might be related to miR-122-5p.

Melatonin Attenuates Mitochondrial Damage in Aristolochic AcidInduced Acute Kidney Injury

Aristolochic acid (AA), extracted from Aristolochiaceae plants, plays an essential role in traditional herbal medicines and is used for different diseases. However, AA has been found to be nephrotoxic and is known to cause aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN).AA-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is a syndrome in AAN with a high morbidity that manifests mitochondrial damage as a key part of its pathological progression. Melatonin primarily serves as a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant. However, its mitochondrial protective role in AA-induced AKI is barely reported. In this study, mice were administrated 2.5 mg/kg AA to induce AKI. Melatonin reduced the increase in Upro and Scr and attenuated the necrosis and atrophy of renal proximal tubules in mice exposed to AA. Melatonin suppressed ROS generation, MDA levels and iNOS expression and increased SOD activities in vivo and in vitro. Intriguingly, the in vivo study revealed that melatonin decreased mitochondrial fragmentation in renal proximal tubular cells and increased ATP levels in kidney tissues in response to AA. In vitro, melatonin restored the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in NRK-52E and HK-2 cells and led to an elevation in ATP levels. Confocal immunofluorescence data showed that puncta containing Mito-tracker and GFP-LC3A/B were reduced, thereby impeding the mitophagy of tubular epithelial cells. Furthermore, melatonin decreased LC3A/B-II expression and increased p62 expression. The apoptosis of tubular epithelial cells induced by AA was decreased. Therefore, our findings revealed that melatonin could prevent AA-induced AKI by attenuating mitochondrial damage, which may provide a potential therapeutic method for renal AA toxicity.

Acupoint selection rules of acupuncture and moxibustion for post-stroke epilepsy based on data mining technology / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the acupoint selection rules of acupuncture and moxibustion for post-stroke epilepsy by data mining technology.@*METHODS@#The literature regarding acupuncture and moxibustion for post-stroke epilepsy included in CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, SinoMed and PubMed databases from the establishment of the database to August 1st 2022 was retrieved. Microsoft Excel 2019 software was used to establish a database to conduct the descriptive analysis of acupoints; SPSS Modeler 18.0 Apriori algorithm was used to conduct association rule analysis; high-frequency acupoint co-occurrence network diagrams were drawn by Cytoscape3.9.0 software; SPSS Statistics 25.0 software was used to perform hierarchical cluster analysis on high-frequency acupoints and a tree diagram was drawn.@*RESULTS@#Totally 39 articles were included, and 63 prescriptions of acupuncture and moxibustion were extracted, involving 56 acupoints, with a total frequency of 516 times; the top three acupoints with the highest frequency of use were Baihui (GV 20), Fenglong (ST 40) and Neiguan (PC 6); the selected meridians were mainly the governor vessel, the hand and foot yangming meridians; the selection of acupoints were mostly in the head, neck and lower limbs; in terms of acupoint compatibility, Hegu (LI 4)-Shuigou (GV 26) and Neiguan (PC 6) had the highest confidence degree; The top 20 high-frequency acupoints could be divided into 4 effective clusters.@*CONCLUSION@#Modern acupuncture and moxibustion treatment for post-stroke epilepsy attaches great importance to the use of yang meridians and meridians with enrich qi and blood; the core prescription is Shuigou (GV 26)-Neiguan (PC 6)-Hegu (LI 4)-Baihui (GV 20). In addition, the combination of distant and near acupoints is highly valued to improve clinical efficacy.

Progress in the pathogenesis and treatment of non suicidal self injury in adolescents / 中国学校卫生

Abstract@#Non suicide self injury is highly common in adolescents, which is seriously threatening their physical and mental health. It is an important predictor of future suicide, and has become a focus of global public health concern. At present, the research on adolescent non suicidal self injury is still in its infancy, and its formation process is complex. The pathogenesis is not completely clear, and the relevant treatment studies are relatively few. The paper expounds the pathogenesis and treatment of the nonsuicidal adolescent NSSI from the perspectives of genetics, neurobiology, neuroimage and social psychology, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for adolescent NSSI prevention and intervention.

A systematic review of the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of artificial stone-related silicosis and dust protection / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To investigate the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, on-site dust monitoring and individual protection of the patients with artificial stone-related silicosis. Methods: In March 2022, the literature on artificial stone-related silicosis published from January 1965 to February 2022 was searched in China Journal Full-text Database, Wanfang Database, VIP Database, EMbase and PubMed. Chinese and English search terms include "silica dust""silica dust""silicosis""artificial stone""pneumoconiosis", etc. References were included according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, and data were extracted. The epidemiological characteristics, natural course of disease, workplace dust concentration and individual protection level of patients with artificial stone-related silicosis were analyzed by systematic review. Results: A total of 30 literatures were included, including 7 cohort studies, 14 cross-sectional studies, 3 case-control studies and 6 case reports. A total of 1358 patients with artificial stone-related silicosis were diagnosed from 1997 to 2020, with an average age of 41.5 years old and an average dust exposure time of 11.3 years. Among them, 36.2% (282/778) had progressive mass fibrosis or accelerated progressive silicosis at first diagnosis. Chest imaging showed diffuse small nodule shadow, pulmonary fibrosis, and silico-alveolar proteinosis. Pulmonary function showed restricted or mixed ventilation disorder with or without decreased diffusion volume. The disease progressed rapidly, with progressive mass fibrosis, respiratory failure, and even death. Patients engaged in artificial quartz stone processing, with high concentration of silica including ultra-fine particles, most of which were dry operation, lack of on-site ventilation measures and no effective personal protection. Conclusion: The artificial stone processing workers suffer from artificial stone-related silicosis due to dry cutting, lack of on-site dust removal facilities and personal protective measures, and the disease progresses rapidly, leading to poor prognosis.

Efficacy and safety of different doses of baricitinib for rheumatoid arthritis: A Bayesian network meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the comparative efficacy and safety of baricitinib with different dosages in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS: PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were retrieved by computer to gather randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of baricitinib for RA from their beginning to September 2021. After 2 researchers independently screened the literature and extracted the data, the risk of bias of included RCTs was assessed, and Bayesian network meta-analysis was performed by GeMTC0.14.3 and Stata15.1 software. RESULTS: Ten publications reporting 9 RCTs were included, with 4129 patients randomized to receive 1 of the 7 interventions. Seven interventions were baricitinib 1 mg + conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (cDMARD), baricitinib 2 mg + cDMARD, baricitinib 4 mg + cDMARD, baricitinib 8 mg + cDMARD, baricitinib 4 mg, placebo + cDMARD, and cDMARD. In the efficacy outcomes at 12 weeks, nearly all doses of baricitinib with or without cDMARD were superior to placebo plus cDMARD and baricitinib 8 mg combined with cDMARD might have the best curative effect in most outcomes. In the efficacy outcomes at 24 weeks, all doses of baricitinib with or without cDMARD were superior to placebo plus cDMARD and baricitinib 4 mg monotherapy might have the best curative effect in most outcomes. The intervention with the highest incidence of adverse events (AEs) might be baricitinib 8 mg combined with cDMARD, and the intervention with the highest incidence of infections might be baricitinib 4 mg combined with cDMARD. CONCLUSIONS: Baricitinib 8 mg combined with cDMARDs was suitable for short-term control of RA symptoms, and baricitinib 4 mg was more effective for treating RA over a longer period of time. But attention should be paid for the risk of baricitinib at 4 to 8 mg in clinical application due to the high incidence of AEs and infections.

Relationship between myopia and frequency of high energy food intake among adolescents in Nantong / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate the incidence of juvenile myopia and associated factors in Nantong, to analyze the relationship between food intake and juvenile myopia, so as to provide a reference for preventing and controlling myopia of adolescents.@*Methods@#Stratified cluster random sampling was used to select 13 schools in Nantong. A total of 3 437 students were selected for health monitoring and questionnaire survey, and the students sociodemographic characteristics and diet related information were collected.@*Results@#The prevalence of myopia was 73.4%( n =2 522). The myopia rate of urban teenagers(74.1%) was higher than that in suburbs(72.4%), and the myopia rate of urban girls (78.2%)was higher than that of suburban girls(73.6%). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between the frequency of high energy food intake and myopia among urban adolescents ( OR =1.50, P <0.01). After adjusting for covariates, e.g. age, parental myopia, participation in extracurricular classes, outdoor inter class activities, the frequency of high energy food intake was significantly positively associated with myopia ( OR =1.29, P =0.03). Frequency of high energy food intake was significantly positively correlated with myopia of suburban adolescents ( OR =1.35, P =0.02). The association disappeared after adjusting for above ment ioned covariates ( P = 0.60 ).@*Conclusion@#There are differences in the main risk factors affecting the incidence of myopia between urban and suburban adolescents in Nantong. Parents, schools and the society should pay attention to adolescent myopia and high energy diet mode, pay attention to guide their reasonable eating habits, and prevent and control adolescent myopia from multiple angles.

Pharmacokinetics of two recombinant humanized monoclonal antibodies against ricin in rhesus monkeys / 药学学报

Recombinant humanized anti-ricin monoclonal antibody (MIL50) is a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody targeting ricin. In this study, an ELISA method was used to establish a method for the determination of MIL50 in macaque serum, and a cross design method was used. Twelve rhesus monkeys were intravenously injected 1 mg·kg-1 test preparation (MIL50 freeze-died powder injection) and reference preparation (MIL50 liquid preparation) to determine the plasma concentration of MIL50 at different time points, and the pharmacokinetic parameters were analyzed to compare the pharmacokinetic characteristics of MIL50 liquid preparation and freeze-died powder injection in rhesus monkeys. Animal welfare and experimental procedures follow the regulations of the Animal Ethics Committee of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Use of Laboratory Animals and the regulations derived by the Animal Care and Welfare Committee of the Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (IACUC-DWZX-2020-503). The results showed that there was no significant difference between Cmax and AUC0-5d in the two groups. The liquid preparation was the reference preparation, with Cmax ratio of 101.6% and AUC0-5d ratio of 101.9%, the 90% confidence interval of Cmax was 79.42%-129.92%, and the 90% confidence interval of AUC0-5d was 85.72%-121.18%. These results suggested that different dosage forms of MIL50 had certain differences in the changes of blood drug concentration in rhesus monkeys.

A case report of macro-AST with isolated elevated aspartate aminotransferase in a child / 中华检验医学杂志

We need to consider the macro-AST when the elevated AST activity cannot be explained. A 3-year-old child was found to have an increase in serum AST activity, but no obvious abnormality be found ofter examination. The PEG precipitation assay showed that the activity was 98.7%, which was diagnosed as macro-AST.

Clinical value of changes of gait characteristics in the progression of Parkinson′s disease / 中华神经科杂志

Objective:To determine the evolution of gait impairment over the course of Parkinson′s disease (PD) by assessing the changes of gait characteristics in different disease stages, which could be helpful for disease monitoring.Methods:A total of 276 PD patients [PD group, Hoehn-Yahr (H-Y) stage 1-3] and 63 healthy controls (control group) enrolled in Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from January 2019 to September 2021 were included in this cross-sectional study. The gait spatiotemporal variables were recorded by a portable inertial measurement unit system. Exploratory factor analysis was performed to obtain gait domains representing different gait characteristics. One way analysis of variance was used to evaluate the differences of gait variables and gait domains among the control group and 3 different H-Y stages of the PD group, as well as the differences among the control group and 2 motor subtypes of PD in different stages. The sensitivity of different gait variables and gait domains in evaluating the severity of gait impairments at different disease stages was compared.Results:Eleven gait spatiotemporal variables were grouped in 4 gait domains: pace (step length, gait speed and stride length), rhythm/phase (cadence, stride time and double support time), pace-related variability/asymmetry [step length coefficient of variation (CV), gait speed CV and step length asymmetry] and rhythm/phase-related variability/asymmetry (swing time CV and swing time asymmetry). As the disease progresses, most evolution trends of the 4 gait domains in the tremor-dominant PD patients were consistent with those in the non-tremor-dominant subtype. Compared with the control group, PD patients at H-Y stage 1 began to show the mild impairment of rhythm/phase-related variability/asymmetry (effect size 0.42; standardized score -0.03±0.69 vs -0.33±0.49, P<0.05), especially swing time asymmetry in tremor-dominant patients; the pace domain was damaged moderately in PD patients at H-Y stage 2 (effect size 0.64; standardized score 0.12±0.80 vs 0.64±0.81, P<0.05), especially in non-tremor-dominant PD patients, but not in PD patients at H-Y stage 1 ( P>0.05). Pace-related variability/asymmetry showed great impairment in PD patients at H-Y stage 3 (effect size 0.62; standardized score 0.27±1.12 vs -0.27±0.52, P<0.05), but not in PD patients at H-Y stages 1 and 2 ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The characteristic impairments of gait in PD evolve in the process of disease progression. The rhythm/phase-related variability/asymmetry domain may be a marker to distinguish early PD from healthy controls. The pace domain and the pace-related variability/asymmetry domain are important markers to evaluate the progression of PD.

Effects of antibiotic treatment and antibiotics combined with surgery treatment on the prognosis of patients with infective endocarditis / 中华传染病杂志

Objective:To investigate the effects of antibiotic treatment and antibiotics combined with surgery treatment on the prognosis of patients with infective endocarditis (IE).Methods:The clinical data and prognosis of all patients diagnosed as IE discharged from Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People′s Hospital from June 2011 to May 2021 were collected. There were 240 IE patients, divided into antibiotic treatment group and the antibiotics combined with surgery group according to the treatment methods. The clinical characteristics and prognosis of the IE patients were compared between the two groups, so as to investigate the timing of surgery for IE patients and to analyze the effects of the two treatment methods on the prognosis of IE patients.Statistical analysis methods including Wilcoxon rank sum test, chi-square test, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox regression analysis were used when appropriate.Results:Of the 240 patients with IE, 63 cases were only treated with antibiotics and 177 cases were treated with antibiotics combined with surgery. After propensity score matching (PSM), one-year mortality rate of the IE patients in the antibiotics combined with surgery group was 11.1%(4/36), which was significantly lower than that in the antibiotic treatment group (33.3%(12/36), χ2=5.14, P=0.023). The median values of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDD) and left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS) in the antibiotics combined with surgery group were 59%, 47 mm and 31%, respectively, which were significantly lower than those before surgery (63%, 54 mm and 34%, respectively, Z=6.19, 9.36 and 6.11, respectively, all P<0.001). The most common surgical indication was moderate to severe heart failure, and there was no significant difference between the early operation group and the late operation group (both P>0.050). The one-year cumulative survival rate of antibiotics combined with surgery group was 94.9%, which was significantly higher than that in the antibiotic treatment group (83.2%, χ2=7.38, P=0.007). Heart failure and Pitt bacteremia scores≥4 were the independent risk factors for one-year all-cause death of the IE patients (hazard ratio ( HR)=5.668 and 19.392, respectively, both P<0.050). Hospital days and antibiotics combined with surgery were independent related factors for reducing the risks of one-year all-cause death ( HR=0.931 and 0.299, respectively, both P<0.050). Pitt bacteremia scores≥4 had the greatest impact on one-year prognosis of the IE patients. Conclusions:Surgery could significantly improve cardiac function and one-year prognosis of the IE patients. IE patients with heart failure and Pitt bacteremia score≥4 should be actively treated.

Research progress of dopamine and dopamine receptor in pathogenesis of asthma / 中国药理学通报

Asthma is a common respiratory disease charaeterized by airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness.Dopamine is an important neurotransmitter in human body.In reeent years it has been reported that dopamine reeeptor is expressed in immune eells, type I alveolar eells, airway epithelium and airway smooth muscle, and affects ovalbumin ( OVA )-indueed asthma in animals.This review introduees the role of dopamine in the occurrence and development of asthma from the aspeets of airway inflammation, pulmonary nerve regulation, airway epithelial and smooth muscle abnormalities.

Clinical features and follow-up outcomes of optic nerve injury induced by acute methanol poisoning / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Acute methanol poisoning harms the optic nerve and central nervous system, can cause irreversible damage, even coma or death in severe cases. This article reported four cases of methanol poisoning. 3 patients mistakenly ingested industrial alcohol containing methanol, the most serious patient suffered from coma, vision loss and other symptoms, the blood methanol concentration was 869.3 μg/ml. Another patient was poisoning caused by inhalation of methanol, with symptoms such as total blindness in the right eye and decreased visual acuity in the left eye. After active supportive treatment, 2 patients had partial recovery of visual acuity, and 2 patients had no sequelae. This article discussed the clinical features, treatment and prognosis of optic nerve damage caused by methanol poisoning, in order to raise awareness of this disease.

Etiological and epidemiological characteristics of Vibrio cholerae in Beijing, 2015-2021 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To analyze the etiological and epidemiological characteristics of Vibrio cholerae in Beijing during 2015-2021 and provide evidence for the prevention and control of cholera. Methods: The V. cholerae strains isolated in Beijing during 2015-2021 were analyzed by serotyping and virulence genes detection. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was performed for the molecular typing of the strains. Based on the collected epidemiological and clinical data of cholera cases,the epidemiological characteristics of cholera were analyzed by descriptive epidemiology method. Results: A total of 76 Vibrio cholerae O1 strains were isolated in Beijing during 2015-2021, including 61 strains from human, 10 strains from environment and 5 strains from seafood. The 76 strains consisted of 68 Ogawa strains and 8 Inaba strains. Six Ogawa strains isolated from sporadic cases carried ctxAB. After NotⅠ digestion, 76 strains were divided into 33 PFGE patterns. From 2015 to 2021, a total of 38 cholera epidemics were reported in Beijing, most of them were sporadic ones, accounting for 92.11% (35/38). A total of 45 cases were reported, and the cases occurred during June-September accounted for 97.78% (44/45). Cholera cases occurred in 9 districts of Beijing, and the cases reported in Chaoyang district accounted for 42.22% (19/45) and in Changping district accounted for 31.11% (14/45). The age of the cholera cases ranged from 19 to 63 years. Except for one case with unknown clinical symptoms, 44 cases had diarrhea symptoms with 84.09% (37/44) of the cases reporting diarrhea (3-9 times/day), followed by yellow watery stool (95.45%, 42/44), abdominal pain (68.18%, 30/44), nausea and vomiting (40.91%, 18/44) and fever (36.36%, 16/44). Conclusion: Vibrio cholerae strains isolated in Beijing during 2015-2021 were mainly O1 serotype Ogawa,most of which were non-toxigenic. The PFGE of the strains varied. Cholera epidemics occurred in 9 districts of Beijing, but most were sporadic ones with incidence peak during June-September.